Deck 20: Hunger and the Global Environment

Question 1

What is the international poverty line per day for a single person?

A)$1.25
B)$3.75
C)$5.15
D)$10.00

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is the primary cause for hunger in the United States and in less developed countries?

A)Poverty
B)High cost of food
C)Excessive food waste
D)Lack of nutrition education

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of the world's population experiences persistent hunger?

A)4
B)13
C)19
D)50

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Melissa works two jobs to support her three children.Her financial priorities are to pay the rent and utilities and provide food and medical necessities for the children.Melissa does not often eat three meals a day and worries about how and where she will get the next meal for herself.Melissa is experiencing which of the following?

A)Food insufficiency
B)Food mismanagement
C)Non-sustainable lifestyle
D)Misallocation of resources

Question 5

Which of the following is a feature of protein-energy malnutrition?

A)The diets of children with marasmus or kwashiorkor do not differ
B)Marasmus children subsist chiefly on concentrated milk-powder drinks
C)Kwashiorkor results mainly from protein inadequacy and not energy insufficiency
D)Children with marasmus and kwashiorkor absorb and store excess dietary iron due to intestinal damage

Question 6

Approximately what percentage of the world's food supply outside of the home is wasted?

A)2
B)9
C)19
D)33

Question 7

What is the average monthly benefit for a recipient of SNAP?

A)$10
B)$35
C)$134
D)$185

Question 8

As you sit in the waiting room of a doctor's office leafing through a magazine,you see a letter to the editor about world hunger.In it,the author takes issue with a statement made in a previous issue that stated,"…and thus,hunger worsens poverty...." The letter writer claims that this statement is completely unfounded and has no reasoning behind it.Does hunger worsen poverty?

A)Yes,but it can be corrected with appropriate access to reproductive health care
B)No; if hungry people work hard enough they can work to get themselves out of poverty
C)Yes,it propagates poverty by increasing the death rate and leaving many families as single-parent households
D)Yes,hunger makes poverty worse by robbing a person of the good health and the physical and mental energy needed to be active and productive

Question 9

Approximately how many people,in millions,are served by the U.S.Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program?

A)5
B)10
C)20
D)40

Question 10

The worst famine in the 20^th century occurred in

A)India.
B)China.
C)Africa.
D)Ireland.

Question 11

What is the name of the largest U.S.national food recovery program?

A)Feeding America
B)Goodwill Food Assistance
C)Salvation Army Ready-to-Eat Meals
D)Food Salvage and Rescue Organization

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of poverty and hunger?

A)Hunger and obesity may exist in the same household
B)The highest rates of obesity occur among the poorest
C)The provision of food to the poor actually helps to prevent obesity
D)The poor prefer to purchase energy-dense foods despite their higher cost compared with vegetables

Question 13

Limited or doubtful availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods is termed food

A)insecurity.
B)insufficiency.
C)vulnerability.
D)precariousness.

Question 14

What fraction of the U.S.population receives food assistance of some kind?

A)1/25
B)1/15
C)1/5
D)1/3

Question 15

As a church volunteer,you propose implementation of a food recovery program.Which of the following would NOT be a part of your proposal to the church board of directors?

A)Collect prepared foods from commercial kitchens
B)Salvage perishable items from wholesalers and markets
C)Gather crops from fields that either have already been harvested or are not profitable to harvest
D)Collect applications for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program to provide for any member or non-member of the church requesting assistance

Question 16

A period of extreme food shortage resulting in widespread starvation and death is known as

A)a plague.
B)a famine.
C)food poverty.
D)food insecurity.

Question 17

SNAP debit cards may be used to purchase all of the following EXCEPT

A)soap.
B)seeds.
C)cereal.
D)cola beverages.

Question 18

What fraction of the U.S.population lives in poverty?

A)1/20
B)1/7
C)1/4
D)1/3

Question 19

What is a food desert?

A)Worldwide crop failures due to drought and pestilence
B)Absence of fresh fruits and vegetables at certain times of the year
C)A neighborhood having limited access to nutritious and affordable food
D)A low-cost energy-dense snack sold primarily in poor neighborhoods

Question 20

What is the largest federal food assistance program in the United States?

A)WIC
B)EAT
C)National Food Resource Program
D)Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Question 21

Which among the following is most commonly deficient in the worldwide population?

A)Zinc
B)Folate
C)Calcium
D)Vitamin C

Question 22

Which of the following describes a known long-term relationship among poverty,hunger,and population growth?

A)As economic status improves,population growth rises
B)As economic status improves,population growth diminishes
C)Lack of natural resources rather than poverty is the most important contributor to overpopulation
D)Over the last decade the increase in the world's food output has been greater than the increase in the world's population

Question 23

Acute malnutrition in children is characterized by

A)hyperactivity.
B)shrunken liver.
C)low weight for height.
D)short height for weight.

Question 24

You are reading a case study from a researcher at World University.The researcher has traveled to the largest city in India and is reporting on an illness present in a 15-month-old boy.The researcher described the child as extremely thin and bony,with wrinkled skin and enlarged fatty liver.For the past year,this child has subsisted almost entirely on diluted cereal drink.Your first thought is that all of these observations are characteristic of marasmus except for the

A)wrinkled skin.
B)food intake pattern.
C)enlarged fatty liver.
D)extremely thin,bony appearance.

Question 25

Which of the following is a feature of world poverty?

A)It is not a major cause of hunger
B)The poorest do not bear children due to poor health
C)It makes up about 5% of the world's population
D)The poorest people are female due to discrimination

Question 26

In an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality,which of the following would be a first course of action for a Peace Corps volunteer to reduce the prevalence of diarrhea in a small village where she is working?

A)Implementing oral rehydration therapy for those who are dehydrated
B)Implementing oral refeeding therapy for those who are malnourished
C)Ensuring there is enough fortified rice for all the women and children
D)Distributing as many medications to the village people as she can obtain

Question 27

As the newly appointed director of International Supplementation for the World Health Organization (WHO),you propose supplementing the diets of malnourished populations worldwide with nutrients that would markedly improve health and well-being.Which of the following nutrients is least likely to be lacking?

A)Iron
B)Iodine
C)Vitamin A
D)Vitamin D

Question 28

Which of the following is associated with the presence of tissue edema in kwashiorkor?

A)Inadequate intake of water
B)Excessive intake of dietary protein
C)Low concentration of blood protein
D)High concentration of blood protein

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major factors affecting world population growth?

A)Birth rates
B)Death rates
C)Standard of living
D)Scientific knowledge

Question 30

Approximately what number of children worldwide die each year of malnutrition and malnutrition-related causes?

A)50,000
B)500,000
C)3.8 million
D)7.6 million

Question 31

What is meant by carrying capacity of the earth?

A)The number of tons of edible food that can be produced by all of the earth's cultivable land
B)The maximum number of living organisms that can be supported in an environment over time
C)The amount of oxygen consumed by all living organisms in relation to the amount of oxygen produced by all living plants
D)The total weight of all living organisms in relation to the weight of all non-living material including the earth's water mass

Question 32

Which of the following would you NOT expect to see in a person with kwashiorkor?

A)Edema
B)Dysentery
C)Increased infection rate
D)Increased physical activity

Question 33

What is administered by health care workers to help treat the diarrhea and dehydration common to children suffering from diseases of poverty?

A)Oral rehydration therapy
B)Ozone purified waste water
C)Protein-energy repletion formula
D)Charcoal-filtered water and corn starch

Question 34

Diseases of poverty are known to include all of the following EXCEPT

A)cholera.
B)diabetes.
C)dysentery.
D)whooping cough.

Question 35

Approximately what percentage of children worldwide have protein-energy malnutrition?

A)1
B)5
C)25
D)50

Question 36

The nutrients most likely to be lacking in the diet worldwide include all of the following EXCEPT

A)iron.
B)iodine.
C)protein.
D)vitamin A.

Question 37

What is the approximate yearly increase in the world's population?

A)0.5 million
B)12 million
C)50 million
D)83 million

Question 38

Chronic malnutrition in children is characterized by

A)hyperactivity.
B)shrunken liver.
C)short height for age.
D)low weight for height.

Question 39

What is the chief reason why people living in poverty and hunger bear numerous children?

A)Birth control expenses are prohibitive
B)Only a small percentage of the children may survive to adulthood
C)The low educational level of adults limits their understanding of family planning
D)The parents seek greater fulfillment through having more children since there are few other interests in their lives

Question 40

All of the following are major factors affecting population growth EXCEPT

A)birth rates.
B)death rates.
C)ozone depletion.
D)standards of living.

Question 41

Which of the following is a feature of malnutrition?

A)Dysentery is common and leads to diarrhea and nutrient depletion
B)Intestinal villi grow slightly larger to provide additional absorptive surfaces for nutrients
C)Digestive enzyme production increases in order to extract as much of the ingested nutrients as possible
D)Infections are uncommon due to insufficient availability of nutrients in the body to support growth of bacteria and viruses

Question 42

What is the most likely explanation for the fatty liver that develops from protein deficiency?

A)Increased uptake of circulating fats
B)Increased absorption of dietary fats
C)Inability of adipose tissue to remove circulating fats
D)Inability of the liver to synthesize lipoproteins for fat export

Question 43

Which of the following is a feature of common worldwide agricultural practices?

A)They promote protection of soil and water
B)They frequently lead to higher crop prices
C)They are designed to benefit mostly small family farms
D)They tend to support the use of pesticides and fertilizers

Question 44

Which of the following is a characteristic of farm irrigation?

A)It makes the soil more porous
B)It helps preserve the water supply
C)It contributes to soil preservation
D)It increases the salt content in the soil

Question 45

What term describes the illness a child develops when the next child is born?

A)Marasmus
B)Kwashiorkor
C)Psychomalnutrition
D)Postbirth malnutrition

Question 46

All of the following are features of herbicide use EXCEPT

A)it pollutes the water and air.
B)it often injures more than just weeds.
C)it usually is safe for farmers to practice.
D)it encourages evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds.

Question 47

Which of the following conditions is associated with edema?

A)Excessive use of certain drugs,which causes high excretion of water and amino acids
B)Above-normal concentration of blood proteins,which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels
C)Diminished concentration of the blood protein albumin,which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels
D)Excessive protein in the diet leading to increased retention of fluid,especially in the extravascular spaces

Question 48

All of the following are examples of fossil fuels EXCEPT

A)oil.
B)coal.
C)solar rays.
D)natural gas.

Question 49

At the end of your class presentation on "Acute Malnutrition," a student asks you to clarify how the rapid onset of malnutrition occurs in kwashiorkor.How should you respond?

A)It is the result of an inborn error of metabolism
B)It is usually synchronized with the drought season in each respective country
C)It is typically seen in patients who are 2-5 years old due to the sudden change in diet arising from their dislike for breast milk as they grow older
D)It is typically seen in patients after weaning due to the sudden change in diet arising from their being weaned from breast milk after the birth of a sibling

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of marasmus?

A)Results in a low resistance to disease
B)Affects brain development only minimally
C)Occurs most commonly in overpopulated and impoverished areas
D)Results in little or no fat under the skin to insulate against cold

Question 51

What type of diet is advised to rehabilitate a severely malnourished child?

A)RUFT
B)High protein
C)Liberal quantities of lactose-free powdered milk until growth rate is restored
D)High energy until normal body mass index is achieved,then moderate energy thereafter

Question 52

Approximately what percentage of the world's new infants are currently born into poverty?

A)5
B)25
C)55
D)95

Question 53

What is RUFT?

A)An advanced stage of kwashiorkor
B)An advanced stage of protein-energy malnutrition
C)A paste of peanut butter and powdered milk plus micronutrients
D)A sustainable agricultural practice that integrates farm-raised animals with aquaculture

Question 54

Which of the following is a characteristic of marasmus in children?

A)It leads to reduced body temperature
B)It promotes hyperactivity and excessive crying for food
C)It impairs brain development mainly from ages 2-5 yrs old
D)It leads to severe edema of the abdomen but insufficient water retention by the brain

Question 55

In kwashiorkor,the loss of hair color is indirectly related to

A)inadequate intake of tyrosine.
B)elevated levels of blood homocysteine.
C)excessive exposure to the sun's UV rays.
D)being nursed by a poorly-nourished mother.

Question 56

Which of the following is/are not among the ingredients of a common oral rehydration formula?

A)Salt
B)Sugar
C)Boiling water
D)Zinc and iron

Question 57

If the world's production of food energy were equally distributed among the world's population,approximately how many kcalories per day would be available to each person?

A)650
B)1000
C)1450
D)2720

Question 58

Which of the following is a feature of kwashiorkor?

A)It makes the child appear grossly dehydrated
B)It usually occurs prior to the onset of marasmus
C)It is usually found in communities where marasmus is present
D)It is typically precipitated in the undernourished child who has an infection

Question 59

In kwashiorkor,what mineral is often present in an unbound form that promotes bacterial growth?

A)Iron
B)Iodine
C)Arsenic
D)Calcium

Question 60

What is the usual initial therapy for the treatment of kwashiorkor?

A)Fat replacement
B)Energy replacement
C)Protein replacement
D)Fluid balance restoration

Question 61

What is aquaculture?

A)A seaweed growth system
B)The practice of fish farming
C)A water purification system
D)The raising of plants in a water environment

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a major contributor to the world's supply of food energy?

A)Rice
B)Maize
C)Wheat
D)Sorghum

Question 63

Approximately what percentage of all energy use in the U.S.is devoted to the food industry?

A)2
B)10
C)20
D)45

Question 64

About how many kcalories of fuel are used to produce 100 kcalories of grains?

A)0
B)<100
C)200
D)1000

Question 65

Which of the following is a feature of aquaculture?

A)All farmed fish must be fed to sustain the practice
B)It provides about 5-10% of the world's fish and shellfish
C)It is successful in freshwater lakes but not in ocean waters
D)Currently available technologies cannot yet make it sustainable

Question 66

The environmental costs are generally lower when food is transported by

A)airplane than by train.
B)truck than by train.
C)ship than by airplane.
D)airplane than by ship.

Question 67

What is the nutritional advantage of eating range-fed buffalo?

A)The iron content is higher
B)The nutrients are more stable and less prone to oxidation
C)The fat content is lower and the fat has more omega-3 fatty acids
D)There is a greater variety of phytonutrients,especially those that reduce risk of heart disease and cancer

Question 68

In the practice of agriculture,approximately what percentage more energy is required to produce most animal foods in comparison to grains?

A)100
B)250
C)450
D)1000

Question 69

What term describes agricultural practices that are designed to minimize use of energy and chemicals?

A)Integrated production
B)Progressive agriculture
C)Sustainable agriculture
D)Resource management production

Question 70

On average,how many miles is a food item transported before a consumer eats it?

A)25
B)100
C)750
D)1500

Question 71

How much more grain is consumed by livestock than by people?

A)About the same
B)One-half as much
C)5 times as much
D)10 times as much