Deck 1: Defining and Comparing the Psychotherapies

Question 1

Thomas,an exceptionally qualified student,interviewed at a number of competitive doctoral programs this year but was not accepted.He decided to never apply again because he believed he would continue to be rejected.After speaking with knowledgeable professors he realized that he did not know the rationale for being rejected by these programs (e.g.,they could have been looking for someone with different research interests),and he decided to apply again next year.This is an example of:

A)contingency management.
B)education.
C)feedback.
D)reevaluation.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Theoretical orientations generally provide a consistent perspective on all of the following EXCEPT:

A)human behavior.
B)human development.
C)mechanisms of therapeutic change.
D)psychopathology.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When you asked a therapist to describe her approach,she responded that she is "eclectic." What did she mean by this?

A)She tries to tailor her approach to the client's specific style and problems.
B)She is very committed to one system of psychotherapy.
C)She relies on common factors to promote positive client outcomes.
D)She uses only those techniques that have clearly been shown by research to help people change.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

A)the expectations for success that a client brings to any therapy relationship.
B)the added value of a good therapy relationship on therapy outcomes.
C)improvements in behavior as a result of increased attention from others.
D)research studies that show a significant difference between the treatment and placebo control group.

Question 5

Carole was very worried about the C grade she was to receive in her Research Methodology course.After reviewing published material from the university,she was very relieved when she learned that such a grade was average for most students. This is an example of:

A)consciousness raising.
B)education.
C)feedback.
D)reinforcement.

Question 6

Which therapy believes the therapeutic relationship is necessary and sufficient for constructive personality change?

A)Behavior therapy
B)Existential therapy
C)Person-centered therapy
D)Psychoanalytic therapy

Question 7

The information given a client in psychotherapy concerning environmental events is called:

A)consciousness raising.
B)education.
C)feedback.
D)reinforcement.

Question 8

Which of the following theories talks primarily about the content of therapy?

A)Behavioral
B)Integrative
C)Existential
D)Systemic

Question 9

Which of the following theories does NOT talk primarily about the content of therapy?

A)Psychoanalysis
B)Behavioral
C)Existential
D)Multicultural

Question 10

The text authors assert that psychotherapy theories help clinicians do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)describe the clinical phenomena.
B)understand how to adapt their therapeutic style to individual clients.
C)delimit the amount of relevant information.
D)prioritize their case conceptualization and guide their treatment.

Question 11

Prochaska and Norcross's definition of psychotherapy would include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)an informed and intentional application.
B)clinical methods and interpersonal stances.
C)a derivation of established psychological principles.
D)assisting people to change in the direction the therapist deems desirable.

Question 12

Jean views the therapeutic relationship as a necessary but not sufficient precondition for therapy to proceed.Jean is likely to practice:

A)behavior therapy.
B)existential therapy.
C)person-centered therapy.
D)psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 13

The text authors suggest that of the common factors that have been proposed,two appear to have the most consensual support.They are:

A)the Hawthorne effect and the therapeutic relationship.
B)improved self-esteem and mastery.
C)the therapeutic relationship and positive expectations.
D)the Hawthorne effect and exposure to previously avoided stimuli or situations.

Question 14

The text authors cite an estimate that there are how many brands of psychotherapy in marketplace?

A)50
B)150
C)320
D)500

Question 15

Specific factors refer to:

A)changes in client behavior that are related to the quality of therapy relationship.
B)the acquisition and practice of new behaviors.
C)those client behavioral changes related to emotional expression or interpretation.
D)specific procedures advanced by different therapies to promote change.

Question 16

Common factors in psychotherapy refer to:

A)the unique change processes derived from each therapy system.
B)nonspecific factors that are common to even disparate forms of therapy.
C)the notion that all psychotherapies produce equivalent outcomes.
D)the concept that psychotherapy is not that different from other helping professions.

Question 17

The conceptual level of analysis of change processes is:

A)technical.
B)theoretical.
C)relational.
D)intermediate between technique and theory.

Question 18

According to the textbook's authors,which of the following is FALSE regarding expectations:

A)a positive expectation is a critical precondition for therapy to continue.
B)expectation is a central process of change.
C)expectation is an important variable for all systems of therapy.
D)it refers to a patient's expectation about procedures in therapy.

Question 19

According to Jerome Frank,therapeutic change is predominantly a function of which of the following?
A)Free association

A)None of the above
B)Rationale or conceptual scheme
C)Progressive relaxation

Question 20

Maria and Salvatore are having marital difficulties.Their therapist recognizes that for treating marital conflict,psychotherapy research has generally demonstrated the differential effectiveness of:

A)behavior therapy.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)Rogerian therapy.
D)systemic therapy.

Question 21

A conflict between a desire to be independent and fears about leaving home would be considered:

A)intrapersonal.
B)interpersonal.
C)individuo-social.
D)beyond growth to fulfillment.

Question 22

Changing our responses to stimuli is referred to as _______,whereas changing the environment involves _________.

A)contingency management; counterconditioning
B)counterconditioning; stimulus control
C)counterconditioning; contingency management
D)stimulus control; contingency management

Question 23

When the information given clients is contained in the stimulation generated by the individual's own actions and experiences,we call that:

A)contingency management.
B)counterconditioning.
C)education.
D)feedback.

Question 24

A conflict for an individual who wants to live a homosexual life but is afraid of the ostracism that may occur because of society's lack of acceptance of homosexual individuals would be considered:

A)intrapersonal.
B)interpersonal.
C)individuo-social.
D)beyond growth to fulfillment.

Question 25

Cathartic reactions evoked by observing emotional scenes in the environment is called:

A)corrective emotional experiences.
B)dramatic relief.
C)environmental catharsis.
D)reactionary catharsis.

Question 26

In psychotherapy studies,an attention placebo control group is one in which comparable time or attention to the active treatment group is provided without:

A)a therapeutic relationship.
B)any of psychotherapy's common factors.
C)specific interventions.
D)producing the Hawthorne effect.

Question 27

The transtheoretical model is able to identify meaningful points of convergence and contention among psychotherapy systems by employing:

A)a method for contrasting global theories of therapy.
B)an intermediate level of analysis of change processes.
C)a low level analysis of specific clinical interventions or techniques.
D)a broad integration of both common and specific factors.

Question 28

The processes of change are:

A)components of specific therapy systems.
B)concrete and specific interventions suggested by therapy systems.
C)generic change strategies that cut across many therapy systems.
D)alternative names for therapy systems.

Question 29

The text authors' integrative model supports comparative analysis of systems of psychotherapy by:

A)minimizing the focus on levels of personal functioning.
B)assuming a limited number of change processes.
C)categorizing therapy systems by their stage of change.
D)linking systems of therapy to their implicit and explicit theory of psychopathology.

Question 30

would be considered a good emotional bowel movement.

A)Catharsis
B)Self liberation
C)Consciousness raising
D)Social liberation

Question 31

A conflict between a woman who likes to save money and her husband who likes to spend money would be considered:

A)intrapersonal.
B)interpersonal.
C)individuo-social.
D)beyond growth to fulfillment.