Deck 11: Third-Ave Therapies

Question 1

The "dialectic" in DBT refers to the ability of the client and therapist to:

A)balance change and acceptance.
B)remain in the present moment.
C)balance thought with action.
D)manage the tensions between connection and autonomy.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Acceptance-based CBT approaches regard distressing thoughts and behaviors as:

A)primary targets of disconfirmation or change.
B)experiences to be carefully monitored and quantified.
C)sources of committed action.
D)experiences to be accepted and mindful.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The ACT process of holding thoughts as hypotheses rather than literal truths is called:

A)distancing.
B)cognitive restructuring.
C)cognitive fusion.
D)workability.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The "commitment" in ACT refers to:

A)enhancing the literal value of private events.
B)increasing our control or ability to change private events.
C)setting goals in accord with our values and working responsibly to achieve them.
D)insuring that future action has precedence over the present moment.

Question 5

Third-wave psychotherapies evolved from which of the following?

A)Psychodynamic therapies
B)Cognitive-behavior therapies
C)Multicultural therapies
D)Constructivist therapies

Question 6

The so-called "third wave" of CBT adds which of the following to standard CBT?

A)Activity scheduling
B)Cognitive restructuring
C)Acceptance
D)Medication

Question 7

The purpose of cognitive distancing is to:

A)suppress distressing and negative thoughts.
B)prevent thoughts from having any impact on behavior.
C)gain greater objectivity when evaluating thoughts.
D)test and dispute negative thoughts.

Question 8

The "acceptance" in ACT refers to:

A)reconciling ourselves with the limits of our potential.
B)tolerance of others who have contributed to our negative feeling states.
C)uninterrupted awareness of the flow of our thoughts and feelings.
D)appreciation of the historical and cultural context that has made us who we are.

Question 9

One explicit feature of third-wave therapies is that they incorporate which of the following techniques?

A)Acceptance and mindfulness
B)Motivational interviewing and emotion focus
C)Mindfulness and behavioral chaining
D)Exposure and relaxation interventions

Question 10

Which of the following ACT methods would facilitate a client's understanding of the impact of experiential avoidance?

A)Mindfulness
B)Workability questions
C)Cognitive distancing or defusion
D)Values clarification

Question 11

In ACT,the therapeutic relationship is best characterized as:

A)a coach.
B)a teacher.
C)a parent.
D)a friend.

Question 12

From the perspective of ACT,cognitive restructuring in CBT:

A)promotes too much focus on the content of cognition.
B)is the starting point for mindfulness and acceptance.
C)provides the basis for discovering and committing to what gives meaning in life.
D)should be paired with breathing retraining.

Question 13

From the perspective of ACT,a core process of psychopathology is:

A)cognitive distancing or defusion.
B)dysfunctional beliefs.
C)devaluation of private events.
D)experiential avoidance.

Question 14

The incorporation of mindfulness practices into traditional CBT has sometimes been called:

A)the third wave.
B)eastern holistic CBT.
C)new age CBT.
D)Morita therapy.

Question 15

The psychologist primarily credited with developing dialectical behavior therapy is:

A)Steven Hayes.
B)Marsha Linehan.
C)Zindel Segal.
D)Gerald Davison.

Question 16

From the perspective of ACT,a central controlling context on behavior is:

A)situational consequences,including reinforcements and punishments.
B)culturally reinforced language-based rules.
C)dysfunctional interpersonal relationships.
D)distressing negative thoughts and feeling states.

Question 17

Third-wave therapies are best representing by which of the following models of psychotherapy?

A)Humanistic therapies and acceptance and commitment therapies
B)Dialectical behavior therapies and systemic therapies
C)Multicultural therapies and constructivist therapies
D)Acceptance and commitment therapy and dialectical behavior therapy

Question 18

The psychologist primarily credited with developing acceptance and commitment therapy is:

A)Steven Hayes.
B)Marsha Linehan.
C)Steven Hates.
D)John Kabat-Zinn.

Question 19

A recent meta-analysis of 13 controlled studies of ACT reported that:

A)ACT,though popular among young clinicians,was no more effective than the control conditions.
B)despite being less methodological rigorous than most CBT studies,they only produced a small effect size (< .30).
C)ACT yielded a moderate effect size (> .60).
D)ACT was only effective when combined with other,established treatments.

Question 20

ACT is most likely to promote the idea that:

A)avoiding feelings provides relief from distress.
B)disputing thoughts reframes our point of view.
C)fighting feelings makes them worse.
D)the content of experience is more important than the context of experience.

Question 21

Which of the following ACT techniques is an example of counterconditioning?

A)Differential activation
B)Experiential avoidance
C)Values clarification
D)Cognitive distancing

Question 22

The therapy approach featured by the text authors as representing a new generation of expanded behavior therapy which integrates counterconditioning,contingency management,and cognitive-behavior modification is:

A)assertiveness training.
B)behavioral marital therapy.
C)dialectical behavioral therapy.
D)behavioral parent training.

Question 23

In DBT,Marsha Linehan specifically operationalizes target priorities for the therapy with individuals with multiple and complex problems. Her second priority is:

A)problems in developing quality of life.
B)suicidal and parasuicidal behavior.
C)psychoeducation about emotion regulation and self-acceptance.
D)therapy or relationship interfering behaviors.

Question 24

From a DBT perspective,psychopathology like borderline personality disorder is the consequence of which of the following influences?

A)Childhood adversity and negative thought processes
B)Trauma experiences and reactive behavior patterns
C)Genetic predisposition to heightened emotional reactivity and an emotionally invalidating social environment
D)Relationship interfering behaviors and a proneness to sustained hyperarousal

Question 25

A ruminative thinking style is:

A)associated with worse depression and reduced problem solving.
B)the same as cognitive reactivity.
C)a protective factor against depression relapse.
D)linked to active problem solving and less negative thinking.

Question 26

In contrast to treating single symptoms or simple problems,DBT targets:

A)cognitive behavior modification.
B)the behavior chain or ABC sequences.
C)a more complex and broader range of psychopathology.
D)high risk behavior like self-injury.

Question 27

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)makes use of the metaphor "modes of mind" to distinguish between the:

A)ruminating mind and reactive mind.
B)doing mind and being mind.
C)wise mind and sad mind.
D)worry mind and accepting mind.

Question 28

The founder of mindfulness-based stress reduction programs is:

A)Aaron Beck.
B)Steven Hayes.
C)Jon Kabat-Zinn.
D)John Norcross.

Question 29

Marsha Linehan,the founder of DBT,prefers to characterize her treatment approach as:

A)an expanded behavior therapy.
B)a cognitive-behavior therapy.
C)a mindfulness-based approach.
D)a cognitive therapy.

Question 30

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)was initially developed to:

A)treat panic disorder.
B)prevent the onset of stress disorders.
C)treat borderline personality disorder.
D)prevent relapse of major depression.

Question 31

Among formerly depressed individuals,the tendency to react to mild changes in mood with large changes in thinking is known as:

A)the Teasdale effect.
B)differential activation.
C)cognitive reactivity.
D)cognitive fusion.

Question 32

The value of the group therapy component in DBT is:

A)to enhance social control of and accountability for suicidal behavior.
B)provide an alternative to individual therapy,especially when the client is distressed or in crisis.
C)a context for practicing more functional behaviors and skills.
D)as a safety net if a client drops out of individual therapy.

Question 33

The notion of a "dialectic" in DBT refers to which of the following?

A)Acting in an opposite fashion to the problem,such as in counterconditioning
B)Working to change and accept dysfunctional behavior
C)Identifying and examining the pros and cons of problem behavior before trying to change
D)Use of mindfulness

Question 34

Validation in DBT primarily attempts to communicate to the client that:

A)their upbringing was indeed dysfunctional.
B)their responses make sense within their life context.
C)their success in learning new skills is recognized and valued.
D)they are likeable as human beings.

Question 35

Following a focus on threats of suicidal ideation or other self-destructive behavior,a DBT therapist would next prioritize which therapy focus?

A)Therapy interfering behaviors
B)Development of acceptance skills based on mindfulness
C)Monitoring problem behavior through the use of diary cards
D)Behavior change skills such as training in assertiveness or social skills

Question 36

Clinical research has demonstrated that MBCT for depression relapse:

A)is not as effective as maintenance antidepressant medication for those with three or more depressive episodes.
B)is nearly twice as effective as treatment as usual.
C)reduces risk of relapse by 50-10% among those with three or more depressive episodes.
D)is only effective in delaying or preventing recurrence of first episodes of depression.

Question 37

The differential activation hypothesis asserts that:

A)sad moods have the power to reactivate negative thinking.
B)relapses of depression are the result of activating negative events.
C)negative thinking reactivates sad moods.
D)depression relapse is due to the absence of positively reinforcing events.

Question 38

DBT typically blends all of the following EXCEPT:

A)biofeedback.
B)skills training.
C)acceptance and mindfulness.
D)contingency management.

Question 39

Mindfulness or a present moment focus is an example of which process of change?

A)Catharsis
B)Choosing
C)Consciousness raising
D)Stimulus control

Question 40

The practice of formal DBT requires each of the following EXCEPT:

A)once or twice weekly individual therapy session.
B)weekly group skills training.
C)biweekly multi-family group problem-solving.
D)weekly case consultation for the therapist.

Question 41

Chen and colleagues' (2012)meta-analysis of meditative therapies found that studies conducted in Eastern countries (India,China,Japan)compared to Western countries showed:

A)smaller effect sizes.
B)equivalent effect sizes.
C)larger effect sizes.
D)less methodological rigor.

Question 42

Hoffman and colleagues' (2010)meta-analysis of 39 MBSR and MBCT studies showed that the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety and mood symptoms was:

A)small when all groups were considered,but medium for specific anxiety and depression groups.
B)moderate when all groups were considered,but large for specific anxiety and depression groups.
C)equivalently moderate across all clinical groups or diagnoses.
D)non-significant in pain/medical groups,but moderate in anxiety and depression groups.

Question 43

A dismantling study of DBT (Linehan et al.,2006)showed that:

A)DBT had a differentially greater impact on key outcomes.
B)DBT was equivalent to community treatment by experts.
C)DBT had no unique effects on outcome.
D)common factors are most responsible for its effects.

Question 44

DBT integrates and encourages acceptance of which of the following Buddhist ideas?

A)Life is suffering.
B)There is no middle path.
C)Life can be divided into that which is fair and unfair,good and bad.
D)Death and disease are the enemy of life.

Question 45

Meta-analyses of DBT applied to multiple disorders shows that DBT:

A)does no better or worse than other established treatments.
B)on average,produces small effect sizes when compared to no treatment control groups.
C)patients improve about as much as those patients not receiving any treatment.
D)has limited support as an evidence-based treatment despite widespread use.

Question 46

Meta-analytic studies of DBT (Kliem et al.,2010),including 16 RCTs,showed that DBT produced moderate positive effect sizes for:

A)suicidal behaviors.
B)self-injurious behaviors.
C)social and global functioning.
D)anger.

Question 47

The text authors suggest that from a psychoanalytic perspective,third-wave therapies have:

A)simply repackaged the analytic notion of internal conflict.
B)comparable views on the nature and function of anxiety.
C)rediscovered the value of free association.
D)reaffirmed that interpretation of defenses requires an accepting,nonjudgmental approach.

Question 48

A dismantling study of DBT by Linehan and colleagues (2006)provided evidence that DBT was associated with better outcomes than community experts' treatments.The text authors conclude that this study provides evidence that:

A)common factors are the likely source of influence on DBT outcomes.
B)factors specific to DBT are effective in reducing suicidal behavior.
C)expert therapy is expert therapy,and most established treatments produce equivalent outcomes.
D)DBT's complex mix of common and specific factors make their effects highly difficult to separate.

Question 49

The essential dialectic in DBT is:

A)therapists' balancing validation and invalidation strategies.
B)progressing from consciousness raising to choosing.
C)balancing the tensions between individual and group sessions in treatment.
D)accepting when needed and changing when possible.

Question 50

In a meta-analysis of 36 RCTs using meditative therapies compared to alternative treatments for medical patients with anxiety as a secondary concern,Chen and colleagues (2012)found:

A)a small but significant between-group effect size difference (>.20).
B)a moderate between-group effect size difference (>.50).
C)a large between-group effect size difference (>.80).
D)no significant differences between treatment groups.

Question 51

As described by the text authors,the DBT therapeutic relationship generally shifts across which of the following stances as therapy progresses?

A)Consultant,teacher,parent
B)Teacher,parent,consultant
C)Parent,teacher,consultant
D)Task master,consultant,teacher

Question 52

DBT group sessions typically have as their primary focus:

A)unconditional regard.
B)dealing with self-destructive behavior.
C)skill development.
D)therapy interfering behaviors.

Question 53

According to the authors' perspective on the practicalities of third-wave therapies:

A)DBT is most often offered as a group treatment by trained professionals.
B)MCBT is most often used within individual therapy as a specialized technique.
C)DBT is most often provided as an individual therapy without concurrent groups.
D)MCBT is typically provided in group formats by professionals with advanced degrees in academic medical center settings.

Question 54

The text authors summarize that meta-analyses of ACT have shown that:

A)ACT is somewhat superior to most other established psychotherapies.
B)ACT is as effective as bona fide psychotherapies.
C)ACT has small average effect sizes compared to control groups.
D)ACT outperforms MBCT but not DBT for most client problems.

Question 55

A meta-analysis of 10 RCTs applying MBSR or ACT to control groups for chronic pain (Veehoff et al.,2011)showed:

A)small effect sizes for pain and depression.
B)moderate effect sizes for pain and depression.
C)large effect sizes for pain and depression.
D)no substantial differences.

Question 56

The text authors note that DBT is currently used to treat:

A)only personality disordered and recurrently suicidal clients.
B)only individuals who use self-injury,regardless of diagnosis.
C)anxiety and depression in individual adults.
D)a broad range of complex problems beyond borderline personality disorder.

Question 57

In contrast to DBT,ACT views psychopathological thoughts and emotions as products of:

A)genetic and social abnormalities.
B)normal minds.
C)mindfulness.
D)dialectical tensions or conflicts.