Deck 16: Global Challenges, local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes changes during the past five centuries?

A)This period has been marked by the reduction of human diversity to a single species.
B)During this time,humans have first faced cultural change and diversity.
C)This has been a period of radical culture change.
D)Humans have migrated from African into Europe during this period.
E)Humans have evolved during this time into bipedal walkers.

Answer 1

This has been a period of radical culture change.

Question 2

Xenophobia tends to occur during very specific situations.Which of the following is least likely to cause xenophobia?

A)Scarcity of resources
B)Unemployment
C)Prosperity
D)Social insecurity
E)Rising inflation

Answer 2

Prosperity

Question 3

If a farmer leaves his land behind and comes to the city to seek work,this is classified as which type of migration?

A)External
B)Internal
C)Interstate
D)Civil
E)National

Answer 3

Internal

Question 4

In which urban area do we currently find some of the largest numbers of urban poor?

A)London,England
B)Nairobi,Kenya
C)Paris,France
D)Los Angeles,California
E)Lagos,Nigeria

Question 5

All of the following statements about megacorporations are correct except:

A)many of them generate more money than whole countries.
B)they are often subject to open records and must disclose many internal affairs.
C)they are the products of the technological revolution.
D)they are such large businesses that they can often ignore and change the plans of government where they operate.
E)they are controlled by wealthy capitalists.

Question 6

The term refers to the public policy for managing cultural diversity in a multi-ethnic society.This policy stresses mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a country's borders.

A)multiculturalism
B)anti-ethnocentrism
C)international ecumenism
D)nationalization
E)ethnonationalism

Question 7

Pluralistic societies have a tendency to fragment along the lines of which type of differences?

A)Culinary
B)Linguistic
C)Institutional
D)Kinship
E)Economic

Question 8

Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies is called:

A)symbolic power.
B)structural power.
C)hard power.
D)soft power.
E)structural violence.

Question 9

In their search for cheap labor,global corporations have tended to favor for low-skilled assembly jobs.

A)immigrants
B)women
C)men
D)robots
E)children

Question 10

In the United States,there are different ethnic groups within its borders (in addition to hundreds of federally recognized American Indians).

A)1,118
B)406
C)237
D)120
E)76

Question 11

Coercive power that is backed up by economic and military force is called:

A)structural violence.
B)imposed force.
C)coercion.
D)hard power.
E)soft power.

Question 12

Of the nearly $1.78 trillion spent on arms worldwide,the United States is responsible for spending what percentage?

A)21
B)34
C)51
D)63
E)96

Question 13

The use of propaganda as a way of exerting influence over others is what type of structural power?

A)Hard power
B)Soft power
C)Symbolic power
D)Mercantile power
E)Coercion

Question 14

Many people see the worldwide spread of fast food giants as a sign of:

A)excellent economic growth in third-world countries.
B)a coming epidemic of worldwide obesity.
C)homogeneous global culture.
D)a growth in cultural misunderstandings.
E)worldwide cheap food availability.

Question 15

Multiculturalism involves all of the following except:

A)it is based on mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences.
B)it accepts the rights of others to express their views.
C)it endorses the reciprocal responsibility of all citizens to accept the rights of others.
D)it asserts the value of different cultures coexisting within a single country.
E)it exists without ethnocentrism or discrimination.

Question 16

What is xenophobia?

A)Fear of anything strange or foreign
B)Belief that all cultures are of value
C)Fear of change
D)Reluctance to live a multicultural society
E)Inability to learn a foreign language

Question 17

One of the consequences of the development of global culture has been:

A)the disappearance of differences between people.
B)reduction in the possibility of war.
C)a resurgence of separatist movements.
D)the replacement of traditional cultures by more adaptive,modern cultures.
E)reduction in the number of anthropologists.

Question 18

Of all the world's states,is one of the very few where pluralism really has worked out to the satisfaction of all parties to the arrangement.

A)the United States
B)Canada
C)Switzerland
D)France
E)Australia

Question 19

The one thing that all pluralistic states,past and present,irrespective of other differences among them,share is a tendency:

A)to grow beyond their capacity to maintain their society.
B)to fragment.
C)to stagnate.
D)toward the development of a dictatorship.
E)toward the development of a democracy.

Question 20

Over the past 5,000 years,political units have:

A)grown steadily smaller in size.
B)grown steadily larger in size and fewer in number.
C)eliminated multinational corporations.
D)promoted individual freedoms.
E)eliminated slavery.

Question 21

The current world population is around how many billion?

A)2
B)4.5
C)7.5
D)10
E)12

Question 22

PCB contamination in breast milk is nowhere higher than among the:

A)Australian aborigines.
B)Apache.
C)Yanomamo.
D)Inuit.
E)Navajo.

Question 23

To help resolve problems of global structural violence,which of the following values and cultural motivations would not be needed?

A)A xenophobic policy that would work to help countries seal their national borders and begin to work to improve the lives of their citizenry only.
B)A worldview that sees humanity as part of the natural world,rather than superior to it.
C)A sense of social responsibility that recognizes that no individual,people,or state has the right to expropriate resources at the expense of others.
D)An awareness of how important supportive ties are for individuals,such as seen in kinship or other associations in the world's traditional societies.
E)A sense of value for the natural resources that humans have harnessed for millennia in order to survive.

Question 24

What percentage of the world's population lives on nearly $1.90 a day?

A)23%
B)7%
C)10%
D)50%
E)2%

Question 25

Where do the PCBs found in Inuit breast milk originate?

A)Africa and Asia
B)Asia,Europe,and Australia
C)Europe,Asia,and Africa
D)North and South America
E)North America,Europe,and Asia

Question 26

In their work of meeting the challenges of globalization in human communities,anthropologists are ,meaning they take into account many interacting factors to understand the functioning of a complex whole.

A)evolutionary
B)relativistic
C)holistic
D)cross-cultural
E)ethnocentric

Question 27

All of the following are research topics and work that anthropologist S.Ann Dunham focused on while in Indonesia and Pakistan except:

A)interest in handicraft industry.
B)development of small rural businesses.
C)critique of modernization theory.
D)pastoral subsistence in the rural areas.
E)study of rural women in Indonesia.

Question 28

There are just under 200 formally admitted members of the U.N.today,but there are approximately national groups that consider themselves distinct because of birth and cultural and territorial heritage.

A)200
B)500
C)1,000
D)5,000
E)10,000

Question 29

The revenues of Exxon Mobil are about the same as the GDP of:

A)Pakistan
B)Denmark
C)Kenya
D)Thailand
E)Kuwait

Question 30

Global warming is thought to be primarily caused by:

A)climate shifts.
B)tilting of the Earth.
C)loss of ozone.
D)burning fields.
E)burning fossil fuels.

Question 31

What is the "Gini Index"?

A)An index that measures the cost and profit of the largest megacorporations in the world; this index calculates the value and cost of each corporation.
B)An income inequality index that measures how much disparity in income exists within a country.
C)An index which calculates how much pollution is expelled per person within a country.
D)A way of measuring global caloric output and distribution of food as a way of predicting malnutrition and obesity worldwide.
E)An index that is used by the United Nations as a way of evaluating the political situation in each country; those with higher numbers on the index are more prone to human rights abuses.

Question 32

The Probo Koala dumped toxic waste in that caused more than 40,000 locals to get sick.

A)Nigeria
B)Cöte d'Ivoire
C)Bolivia
D)Zambia
E)India

Question 33

On the Gini Index,which country rates currently at the highest level of disparity?

A)Sweden
B)United States
C)South Africa
D)Egypt
E)Senegal

Question 34

The demand by "developed" countries for such items as coffee,tea,chocolate,bananas,and beef has led to:

A)pushing subsistence farmers off their land to make way for huge farms and ranches that specialize in cash crops.
B)an increase in food supplies in "underdeveloped" nations.
C)a return of urban workers to the land where work is now available for them.
D)a decrease in the use of pesticides,herbicides,and artificial fertilizers.
E)a narrowing of the economic gap between rich and poor in world society today.

Question 35

Anthropologist S.Ann Dunham was the mother of which U.S.president?

A)George Bush
B)Barack Obama
C)Ronald Reagan
D)Dwight Eisenhower
E)Bill Clinton

Question 36

Which of the following organizations is an example of "soft power"?

A)Coast Guard
B)Shell Energy
C)Cable News Network
D)Walmart
E)US Army

Question 37

Applied anthropologist Paul Farmer is associated with all of the following except:

A)he formed the medical group Partners in Health in Haiti.
B)he established a clinic in Haiti to help deal with infectious disease.
C)he focused his health work in Haiti on AIDS and tuberculosis.
D)he works also in Jamaica to treat refugees from war-torn areas of Central America.
E)he maintains an active practice in infectious diseases in the United States.

Question 38

In 2007,after many years of campaigning in the international media,political lobbying,and diplomatic pressure,the United Nations General Assembly passed the:

A)Declaration of the Independence of Indigenous Nations.
B)Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
C)Constitution for the Relief of Structural Violence.
D)Bill of Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
E)Independence Treaty of Indigenous Nations and Their Ancestors.

Question 39

The change from subsistence farming to cash crops:

A)enables farmers to enlarge their holdings and feed their families more effectively.
B)results in the relocation of subsistence farmers to urban areas or to lands ecologically unfit for farming.
C)leads to the decline of multinational corporations.
D)supports cultural pluralism.
E)leads to revitalization.

Question 40

When over 200,000 people were injured or killed as a result of gas being released from a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal,India,the cause was attributed to a number of factors: the company saving money by not installing safety devices,the political arrangements that enable Union Carbide to build a plant in India,the people living in the vicinity of the plant being too poor to live in safer locations,etc.Thus,the people were victims of:

A)structural violence.
B)soft power.
C)apartheid.
D)multiculturalism.
E)xenophobia.

Question 41

The primary role of anthropologists in addressing the challenges of globalization is to document the native peoples who are disappearing.

Question 42

President Barack Obama's mother worked extensively in Kenya and South Africa as an anthropologist.

Question 43

The military is an example of soft power when it is not activated in warfare.

Question 44

So great is the power of global corporations that they increasingly hamper the wishes of governments.

Question 45

Worldwide,about 1 billion people live in what would be classified as "slums."

Question 46

The Gini Index is used by the United Nations as a way of calculating income disparity throughout the world.

Question 47

Historical evidence supports the idea that a global culture will eliminate conflict.

Question 48

Experts predict that global warming will result in higher levels of structural violence.

Question 49

The change from subsistence farming to cash crops leads to economic improvement in the countries that make this change.

Question 50

Global corporations were rare before the latter half of the 20th century.

Question 51

According to the World Health Organization,more than 2 billion people in the world who are 18 and older are now overweight.

Question 52

The world is clearly moving toward a single global culture.

Question 53

During the most recent economic recession,remittances to non-Western countries have increased as migrants have left in search of work.

Question 54

Almost 7% of the world's population lives outside its country of birth.

Question 55

Nearly 10% of all people in the world get by on less than $1.90 per day.

Question 56

Social media is a type of "soft power."

Question 57

As the world's dominant super power,the U.S.is responsible for about one-third of the world's military arms spending.

Question 58

The more divergent cultural traditions are,the more difficult it is for pluralism to be successful.

Question 59

Multiculturalism is a public policy for managing cultural diversity in a multi-ethnic society.

Question 60

Global warming will cause a rise in diseases mostly in the more temperate areas of the globe.