Deck 10: Kinship-And-Descent

Question 1

All of the following statements regarding a lineage are correct except:

A)it always involves a totem.
B)it is part of unilineal descent.
C)it is kinship that can be traced directly to an ancestor.
D)it has a genealogical depth of 4-6 generations.
E)it is found in both matrilineal and patrilineal groups.

Answer 1

it always involves a totem.

Question 2

When kinship membership is traced either through males or through females but not both,it is called:

A)bilateral.
B)unilineal.
C)patrilineal.
D)ambilineal.
E)matrilineal.

Answer 2

unilineal.

Question 3

Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome studies of the Maori indicate that their creation myth telling of their origins from the ancient place of Hawaiki is consistent with an origin in:

A)India and Central Asia.
B)Morocco and northern Africa.
C)Polynesia and Southeast Asia region.
D)Australia.
E)North America.

Answer 3

Polynesia and Southeast Asia region.

Question 4

An extended unilineal descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestor but who cannot trace their genealogical links to that ancestor is called a(n):

A)family.
B)totem.
C)lineage.
D)kindred.
E)clan.

Question 5

All of the following statements about Han genealogy are correct except:

A)the tsu is a corporate kin group that traces its ancestry back about five generations through the female line.
B)the tsu functions as an economic and political unit that manages its own members.
C)Han women have absolutely no claims on their fathers' heritable property.
D)because of the genealogical depth of the tsu,individuals who have the same surname should not marry each other.
E)although a woman belongs to her father's tsu,she is practically absorbed by her husband's.

Question 6

A clan is similar to a lineage except:

A)a clan has fewer people.
B)clan members are unable to trace exact genealogical links to their common ancestor.
C)clans are more likely to hold tangible property corporately.
D)clans are exogamous whereas lineages are endogamous.
E)clans are patrilocal whereas lineages are matrilocal.

Question 7

You belong to a patrilineal descent group.Which of the following belong(s)to the same group?

A)Your mother
B)Your father's sister
C)Your mother's sister
D)Your mother's father
E)Your father's sister's children

Question 8

If you are a member of a patrilineal descent group:

A)descent is traced exclusively through females.
B)your sisters belong to the same patrilineal descent group that you do.
C)your mother's brothers are members of your descent group.
D)your brothers belong to the same descent group but your sisters do not.
E)you do not publicly recognize your mother.

Question 9

In what country do we find aboriginal Maori people?

A)Argentina
B)Canada
C)Australia
D)Tasmania
E)New Zealand

Question 10

All of the following are types of descent except:

A)moiety.
B)phratry.
C)lineage.
D)clan.
E)institution.

Question 11

In the Biocultural Connection box Maori Origins,what was the focus of the research on the Maori people?

A)Studying migration patterns of the first peoples to inhabit North America
B)Creating lineage divisions based on DNA samples
C)Connecting mitochondrial DNA with the Australian aborigines
D)Connecting DNA types with the people's origin myths
E)Sequencing DNA in order to type for potential diseases in this ethnic group

Question 12

Among the Han,brothers and their sons were part of the same household and paternal uncles were like second fathers.What type of descent is this?

A)Neolocal
B)Kindred
C)Patrilineal
D)Matrilineal
E)Bilateral

Question 13

Which of the following is not a Maori cultural concept?

A)waka
B)iwi
C)mauri
D)namus
E)tapu

Question 14

Descent groups are associated with all of the following except:

A)they provide social security for the elderly members.
B)they promote harmony through worship of ancestors.
C)they play a role in arranging marriages for members.
D)they make all laws for the state.
E)they are economic units providing aid.

Question 15

A network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations is called:

A)kinship.
B)descent.
C)relative network.
D)social network.
E)affinal relationships.

Question 16

Matrilineal descent groups are associated with farming societies in which perform most of the labor in the house and gardens.

A)men
B)women
C)womens' brothers
D)children
E)hired workers

Question 17

A boy is born into a society that practices matrilineal descent.The person who exercises authority over him is his:

A)sister.
B)father.
C)mother.
D)mother's brother.
E)father's brother.

Question 18

Among the Yako of Nigeria,an individual might inherit grazing lands from his father's patrilineal group,and livestock and ritual knowledge from his mother's matrilineal group.This is an example of which kind of descent?

A)Ambilineal
B)Bilocal
C)Patrilateral
D)Matrilineal
E)Double

Question 19

Among the Hopi,which of the following functions as a landholding corporation,allocating land for the support of member households?

A)Lineages
B)Phratries
C)Moieties
D)Extended families
E)Clans

Question 20

A young man of Jewish affiliation moves to New York City to find a job.Seeing no reason to "go it alone," he calls everyone he knows from both his mother's and father's side of the family,and attends various meetings to which he is invited.He is invited to multiple events and gatherings by virtue of his being related to various ancestors on both parents' side.These groups support him when he runs out of money and help him find an apartment and a job.We can say that he is a member of either a bilateral descent group or which of the following?

A)Patrilineal
B)Matrilineal
C)Unilineal
D)Cognatic
E)Ambilineal

Question 21

Through what practice do lineages develop new alliances within the larger social system?

A)Exogamy
B)Endogamy
C)Ancestor worship
D)Totemism
E)Fusion

Question 22

In which kinship terminology are ego's "brother" and "sister" distinguished from "cousins" and both father's brother and mother's brother are given the same kinship term,"uncle"?

A)Eskimo
B)Iroquois
C)Hawaiian
D)Crow
E)Omaha

Question 23

What was the primary purpose of advocacy anthropology among the Micmac?

A)To help the Micmac find jobs and get off welfare
B)To help with community relations after a series of honor killings
C)To help improve health conditions among the people
D)To help them expand their land-holdings for resource exploitation
E)To help them obtain official tribal recognition

Question 24

The splitting of a descent group into two or more entities is called:

A)fusion.
B)fraction.
C)fission.
D)code switching.
E)delineation.

Question 25

What are honor killings?

A)Murder condoned by the genealogical group in order to retaliate for shame of unapproved sexual activity
B)Murder against the genealogical group by those who wish to take its women and other possessions
C)Public shaming of individuals who have engaged in adulterous activities; this usually consists of verbal insults and flogging
D)Also called namus,this is the process of adapting to foreign cultures and giving up one's connection to ancestor worship
E)Historical feuds between lineages that last for more than four generations

Question 26

New reproductive technologies are:

A)dangerous,as they involve cloning.
B)the preferred form of reproduction in the United States.
C)not accepted in the United States.
D)less important today than 20 years ago.
E)changing the traditional understandings of kinship.

Question 27

If two people are given the same kinship term,this means that:

A)they have the same genes.
B)no one can tell the difference between them.
C)they occupy a similar family status.
D)they are identical twins.
E)they are members of an adopted family.

Question 28

A phratry is a unilineal descent group composed of two or more that believe they are related to each other.

A)moieties
B)totems
C)kindred
D)lineages
E)clans

Question 29

In kinship terminology,the term "brother" is given to ego's brother,father's brother's son,and mother's sister's song; a different term is used for the sons of father's sister and mother's brother."Mother" refers to ego's mother and mother's sister; "father" refers to ego's father and father's brother.Separate terms are used for mother's brother and father's sister.

A)Eskimo
B)Hawaiian
C)Iroquois
D)unilineal descent
E)kindred

Question 30

A totem is all of the following except:

A)a word that comes from the Ojibwa American Indian word which means "he is a relative of mine."
B)a symbol of animals,plants,natural forces,and objects.
C)usually associated with a clan's concept of its mythical origins.
D)found in our own society in the names we give to baseball and football teams.
E)found in all societies that have lineages.

Question 31

North Americans assume that they are related equally to the relatives on both the mother's and father's side.The group composed of such people to whom these individuals feel that they belong is called what kind of descent group?

A)Ambilineal
B)Double
C)Bilateral
D)Patrilineal
E)Matrilineal

Question 32

The Hawaiian system of kinship terminology is usually associated with what type of descent?

A)Patrilineal
B)Matrilineal
C)Unilineal
D)Avunculineal
E)Ambilineal

Question 33

The Turkish honor killings that van Eck studied were occurring in which country?

A)Denmark
B)Sweden
C)France
D)Netherlands
E)Canada

Question 34

In kinship studies,EGO refers t:

A)the whole clan.
B)the center of a kindred.
C)moiety.
D)an entire lineage.
E)a person without immediate family.

Question 35

Clans,because they may have members living in many different villages,depend on to provide symbolic identification and promote solidarity.

A)totems
B)signs
C)promises
D)treaties
E)feasts

Question 36

Approximately how many Micmacs are members of the Aroostook band today,according to official criteria?

A)100
B)1,200
C)1,500
D)3,700
E)7,000

Question 37

Bilateral descent is commonly found among all of the following except:

A)postindustrial societies.
B)agricultural societies.
C)tribal societies.
D)industrial societies.
E)foraging societies.

Question 38

Namus is another name for:

A)Russian lineages.
B)French clans.
C)Turkish honor.
D)Hispanic migratory patterns.
E)Polish social networks based on totems.

Question 39

Members of a moiety:

A)belong to one of two major descent groups in a society.
B)are those who are divorced (they lack their "better half").
C)are usually able to trace their exact genealogical links to their common ancestor.
D)feel a much stronger feeling of kinship than is felt by members of a lineage or clan.
E)belong to a group that is smaller than a lineage.

Question 40

Which anthropologist worked with the Aroostook band of Micmacs in Maine?

A)Alan Kolata
B)Clementine van Eck
C)Fred Plog
D)Weston LaBarre
E)Harald Prins

Question 41

DNA studies prove that the Maori origin myths about migration routes from northern Africa are correct.

Question 42

Anglo-American culture uses Eskimo kinship terminology.

Question 43

Compadrazgo is a form of ritualized adoption.

Question 44

A moiety is a larger group than a phratry.

Question 45

Kindred and bilateral descent can be used interchangeably since they mean the same thing.

Question 46

The Dutch people allow honor killings in order to respect minority cultures.

Question 47

The Micmacs are a tribe in Massachusetts.

Question 48

The more individuals become enmeshed into larger social networks,as happens in political states,the more they rely on kinship.

Question 49

The Eskimo kinship system produces a designation of parallel and cross cousins.

Question 50

The Han in China have a patrilineal descent system that is very much a "man's world."

Question 51

Unilineal descent means that relatives are traced on either the male or female side only.

Question 52

Totemism is associated with clan organizations.

Question 53

In ambilineal descent,the individual may be affiliated with either the mother's or father's lines.

Question 54

Alternative means of reproduction are forms of new reproductive technologies.

Question 55

Another name for kindred is "the relatives."

Question 56

Matrilineal societies are matriarchal-that is,women have the primary authority.

Question 57

The Iroquois avoid cross cousin marriages in order to strengthen alliances.

Question 58

Hopi men spend their lives laboring for their wives' lineages,and in return,they are given food and shelter.

Question 59

Whatever descent system is used,the kin of both mother and father are important to the social structure of every society.

Question 60

The Hawaiian form of kinship is the least complex.