Deck 35: Drugs for Bacterial Infections

Question 1

Which laboratory tests will be performed to determine whether a specific bacterium is resistant to a specific drug?

A) Culture and sensitivity test
B) Complete blood count
C) Blood urea nitrogen
D) Urinalysis

Answer 1

Culture and sensitivity test

Question 2

A client comes to the emergency department with a fever of 104°F. The nurse anticipates which actions to help identify the correct antibiotic?

A) Obtaining liver and renal function tests.
B) Obtaining a complete blood count (CBC) test.
C) Obtaining a sterile urine specimen.
D) Obtaining blood for culture and sensitivity.

Answer 2

Obtaining blood for culture and sensitivity.

Question 3

What is the action of bactericidal drugs?

A) They disrupt normal cell function.
B) They will slow the growth of the bacteria.
C) They have a high potency.
D) They will kill the bacteria.

Answer 3

They will kill the bacteria.

Question 4

The drug that would most likely be used in the treatment of tuberculosis is

A) Erythromycin (E-mycin).
B) Vancomycin (Vancocin).
C) Isoniazid (INH).
D) Gentamicin (Garamycin).

Question 5

The physician orders penicillin for a female client who has a sinus infection. What is a priority question to ask the client prior to administering the medication?

A) "Are you pregnant?"
B) "Do you plan to become pregnant?"
C) "Are you breastfeeding?"
D) "Are you taking birth control pills?"

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a client receiving gentamicin IV. The nurse would observe for adverse effects of

A) diarrhea.
B) bleeding
C) increased urinary output.
D) ototoxicity.

Question 7

A client comes to the emergency department complaining of a sore throat. He has white patches on his tonsils, and he has swollen cervical lymph nodes. What will the best plan by the nurse include?

A) Plan to administer a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
B) Plan to administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
C) Plan to obtain blood cultures.
D) Plan to obtain a throat culture.

Question 8

The client receives multiple drugs for treatment of tuberculosis. The nurse teaches the client the rationale for multiple drug treatment and evaluates learning as effective when the client makes which statement?

A) "Current research indicates that the most effective way to treat tuberculosis is with multiple drugs."
B) "Multiple drugs are necessary because the bacteria are likely to develop resistance to just one drug."
C) "Treatment for tuberculosis is complex, and multiple drugs must be continued for as long as I am contagious."
D) "Multiple drug treatment is necessary for me to be able to develop immunity to tuberculosis."

Question 9

The client receives multiple antibiotics to treat a serious infection. What will the priority assessment of the client by the nurse include?

A) Assessing blood cultures for the presence of bacteria
B) Assessing changes in stool, white patches in the mouth, and urogenital itching or rash
C) Assessing renal and liver function tests
D) Assessing whether or not the client has adequate food and fluid intake

Question 10

The client has MRSA and receives vancomycin (Vancocin) intravenously (IV). The nurse assesses an upper body rash and decreased urine output. What is the nurse's priority action?

A) Hold the next dose of vancomycin (Vancocin) and notify the physician.
B) Obtain a stat X-ray and notify the physician.
C) Administer an antihistamine and notify the physician.
D) Obtain a sterile urine specimen and notify the physician.

Question 11

The client tells the nurse that the doctor told him his antibiotic did not kill his infection but just slowed its growth. The client is anxious. What is the best response by the nurse to decrease the client's anxiety?

A) "This is okay because your body will help kill the infection too."
B) "This is okay because your doctor is an infectious disease specialist."
C) "This is okay because your blood work is being monitored daily."
D) "This is okay because your infection is not really that serious."

Question 12

The student nurse asks the nursing instructor for help with her microbiology class. The student is studying bacteria. What does the best instruction by the nursing instructor include?

A) Bacteria are either aerobic or anaerobic.
B) Bacteria are multicellular organisms.
C) E. coli are gram-negative bacteria.
D) Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria.
E) Spherical-shaped bacteria are called cocci.

Question 13

Discharge planning for the client prescribed tetracycline will include which instruction?

A) Take the medication with antacids.
B) Take the medication with iron supplements.
C) Do not take the medication with milk.
D) Decrease the amount of vitamins.

Question 14

The nurse plans to teach the client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) about bacterial infections. Which information should the nurse include in this teaching?

A) "If just a few bacteria make you sick, this is virulence."
B) "Most bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance."
C) "Pathogens are divided into two classes, bacteria and viruses."
D) "Pathogenicity means the bacteria can cause an infection."
E) "Actually, most bacteria will not harm us."

Question 15

Pathogenicity is different than virulence in that pathogenicity can

A) lead to the ability of organisms to cause infection.
B) kill pathogens.
C) cause a disease when pathogens are present.
D) disrupt cell lining.

Question 16

The physician orders cefepime (Maxipime) for a client. What is a priority question for the nurse to ask the client prior to administration of this drug?

A) "Are you breastfeeding?"
B) "Are you pregnant?"
C) "Are you allergic to penicillin?"
D) "Are you allergic to tetracycline?"

Question 17

The client is to receive an injection of penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA) in the outpatient clinic. What are the priority nursing actions prior to administering this injection?

A) Have the client lie down and assess vital signs before she leaves.
B) Ask the client if she has ever had an allergy to penicillin before.
C) Inform the client that she will need to wait 30 minutes before leaving the clinic.
D) Inform the client that she must have someone drive her home.
E) Advise the client to rest for the remainder of the day.

Question 18

The nurse works in infection control and teaches a class to staff nurses about the ways that resistance to antibiotics can occur. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the nurses make which statement?

A) "Resistance to antibiotics most often occurs when physicians prescribe too many of them for elderly clients."
B) "Resistance to antibiotics can occur by the common use of them for nosocomial infections."
C) "Resistance to antibiotics most often occurs when physicians prescribe too many of them for children with ear infections."
D) "Resistance to antibiotics can occur by the prophylactic use of them for preoperative clients."

Question 19

The client is prescribed amoxicillin (Amoxil) for 10 days to treat strep throat. After 5 days, the client tells the nurse he plans to stop the medication because he feels better. What is the best response by the nurse?

A) "If you stop the medicine early, you have not effectively killed out the bacteria making you sick."
B) "You should get another throat culture if your symptoms return."
C) "If you stop the medicine early, this could result in resistance to the antibiotic."
D) "You should get another throat culture to see if the infection is gone."

Question 20

The client receives gentamicin (Garamycin) intravenously (IV) in the clinical setting. What is a priority nursing action?

A) Monitor the client for hearing loss.
B) Draw daily blood chemistries.
C) Decrease the fluids for the client during therapy.
D) Place the client on isolation precautions.

Question 21

A client receiving chemotherapy has a very low white blood cell count. Antibiotic therapy is initiated. What rationales should the nurse provide for the addition of this drug?

A) You have an infection.
B) We would like to prevent you from developing any infections.
C) Chemotherapy often causes infections.
D) This antibiotic will help your chemotherapy fight off your cancer.
E) If you are developing an infection, this medication will help kill it out early.

Question 22

A 16-year-old patient is admitted to the emergency room after attempting to commit suicide by overdosing on the isoniazid (INH) prescribed for newly diagnosed tuberculosis. What information does the nurse provide to the family?

A) INH overdose is very serious.
B) Large amounts of intravenous lipids will be administered.
C) Treatment will include infusion of vitamin B_6.
D) Liver damage may occur.
E) Oral aspirin will be given as an antidote.

Question 23

A client has been prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Septra) for treatment of a urinary tract infection. Which comments, made by the client, would the nurse discuss with the prescriber before allowing the client to leave the clinic?

A) "My husband and I plan to start a family as soon as possible."
B) "I forgot to take my potassium supplement today."
C) "Is it okay to take this with my warfarin?"
D) "It is so cloudy today."
E) "My 80-year-old mother is coming to visit today."

Question 24

A client who has diabetes mellitus is diagnosed with tuberculosis and has been prescribed multiple-drug therapy. What instruction should the nurse provide to this client?

A) These medications can cause hypoglycemia, so you should always carry a sugar source.
B) Test your blood glucose more frequently while on these medications.
C) If your blood glucose levels elevate consistently, contact us.
D) Take your medication for diabetes at least 6 hours after taking these medications.
E) While on these medications, you will be more prone to infections in your feet.

Question 25

A patient has been prescribed ciprofloxacin (Cipro) for a severe sinus infection. The nurse evaluates that medication education has been effective when the patient makes which statements?

A) "I should avoid milk while taking this medication."
B) "I should avoid coffee while taking this medication."
C) "If this medication upsets my stomach, I can take it with an antacid."
D) "I may have some diarrhea while taking this medication."
E) "If my stomach gets upset, I should take this medication with food."

Question 26

A patient has recurrent skin infections. The nurse anticipates administering an aminopenicillin such as which drug?

A) Oxacillin
B) Ampicillin
C) Piperacillin
D) Amoxicillin
E) Dicloxacillin

Question 27

The nurse is providing community education regarding ways to reduce development of antibiotic resistance. Which information should be included?

A) The best way to prevent antibiotic resistance is to prevent infections from occurring.
B) Do not expect to receive an antibiotic prescription for colds and influenza.
C) Take the full amount of any prescribed medication.
D) Go to the doctor as soon as you feel ill.
E) Use good infection control measures.

Question 28

A client has been diagnosed with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and drug therapy has been initiated. The nurse evaluates that medication education has been effective when the patient says, "I can expect to take this medication for up to _____ months."

Question 29

Treatment of tuberculosis usually involves

A) the use of two or more drugs at the same time.
B) surgical removal of tubercular lesions.
C) keeping the client hospitalized.
D) the use of a single drug.

Question 30

Following surgery, a client is placed on cefotaxime (Claforan). The assessment for possible adverse effects should include observing for

A) diarrhea.
B) headache.
C) constipation.
D) tachycardia.