Deck 10: Understanding Individual Behavior

Question 1

The degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, and comfortable with interpersonal relationships is called extroversion.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A halo blinds the perceiver to other attributes that should be used in generating a more complete assessment.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

People with an external locus of control are harder to motivate but easier to manage.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Organizations don't want to lose talented, highly skilled workers, so they try to create an atmosphere of job satisfaction.

Question 5

Organizing the selected data into patterns for interpretation and response is the last step in the perception process.

Question 6

People with an internal locus of control are easier to motivate because they believe the rewards are the result of their behavior.

Question 7

Attribution is the cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information.

Question 8

Job satisfaction is work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success.

Question 9

Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization refers to organizational commitment.

Question 10

People have a high external locus of control when they feel in control of their own fate.

Question 11

Teresa is highly imaginative and an artistically sensitive individual who displays a high degree of creativity.
According to the Big Five personality factors, these qualities describe her openness to experience.

Question 12

The degree to which a person is focused on a few goals, thus behaving in ways that are responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented is conscientiousness.

Question 13

The link between satisfaction and performance, according to research, is generally small and is affected by other factors.

Question 14

A positive attitude toward one's job is called cognitive attitude.

Question 15

Self-serving bias is when people give themselves too much credit for what they do well and give external forces too much blame when they fail.

Question 16

The degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, likable, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting is agreeableness.

Question 17

The degree to which a person is calm, enthusiastic, and self-confident, rather than tense, depressed, moody, or insecure is emotional stability.

Question 18

Locus of control refers to an individual's belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or
outcome.

Question 19

Attitudes are judgments about what caused a person's behavior.

Question 20

An internal attribution says something about the situation has caused the person's behavior.

Question 21

The general assurance in one's own ideas, judgment, and capabilities is referred to as:

A) locus of control.
B) self-confidence.
C) self-efficacy.
D) perceptual selectivity.
E) cognitive dissonance.

Question 22

Self-management is being aware of what you are feeling.

Question 23

Low Machs are particularly good in jobs that require bargaining skills or that involve substantial rewards for winning.

Question 24

The three options in getting things done are: doing it, delegating it, or defering it.

Question 25

An emotion can be thought of as a mental state that arises spontaneously within a person based on interaction with the environment rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes or sensations.

Question 26

Which of the following refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success?

A) Job satisfaction
B) Organizational citizenship
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Job involvement
E) Organizational Commitment

Question 27

refers to a positive attitude toward one's job.

A) Organizational citizenship
B) Job satisfaction
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Organizational commitment
E) Job involvement

Question 28

Machiavellianism is the tendency to direct much on one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of other people for purely personal gain.

Question 29

Organizations that want to challenge their employees and stay competitive can easily be stress-free.

Question 30

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a personality test that measures a person's preference for introversion vs. extroversion, sensation vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and judging vs. perceiving.

Question 31

The Sensation-Thinking style prefers dealing with theoretical or technical problems.

Question 32

Social awareness is the ability to connect to others, build positive relationships, respond to the emotions of others, and influence others.

Question 33

Role ambiguity is defined as uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role.

Question 34

People generally experience when their work matches their needs and interests, when working conditions and rewards such as pay) are satisfactory, and when the employees like their co-workers.

A) job involvement
B) extroversion
C) cognitive dissonance
D) Machiavellianism
E) job satisfaction

Question 35

An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as:

A) locus of control.
B) self-confidence.
C) self-efficacy.
D) perceptual selectivity.
E) cognitive dissonance.

Question 36

A survey by the Conference Board found that percentage of US workers are satisfied with their work.

A) 25
B) 75
C) 45
D) 10
E) 95

Question 37

The last step in getting organized is to empty your head.

Question 38

Self-management is NOT a component of emotional intelligence.

Question 39

The ability to connect to others, build positive relationships, respond to the emotions of others, and influence others is referred to as relationship management.

Question 40

Extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work are included in Type B behavior pattern.

Question 41

Blaming the teacher for a poor grade on an exam, and taking credit for good grades could be an example of which perceptual bias?

A) Perceptual distortion
B) Closure activity
C) Self-serving bias
D) Stereotyping
E) Perceptual grouping

Question 42

Jay is a trusting and forgiving individual who gets along with others because of being good-natured and cooperative. This describes which of the Big Five personality factors?

A) Agreeableness
B) Conscientiousness
C) Emotional stability
D) Openness to experience
E) Extroversion

Question 43

The first step in the perception process is .

A) contrasting
B) attribution
C) reasoning
D) observation
E) stereotyping

Question 44

Which of the following describes the last step in the perception process?

A) Observing information
B) Screening the information
C) Selecting what to process
D) Organizing the selected data into patterns
E) Transmitting the observed information

Question 45

Which of the following is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then to attribute widely held generalizations about the group to the individual?

A) Stereotyping
B) Projection
C) Figure-ground
D) The halo effect
E) Perceptual defense

Question 46

An evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way is called an_______.

A) attitude
B) authoritarianism
C) perception
D) projection
E) personality

Question 47

refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.

A) Dissonance
B) Personality
C) Halo effect
D) Attitude
E) Perception

Question 48

Josh evaluates Kandi's performance and gives her an "outstanding" based on his knowledge that she came to work everyday earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hardworking. Josh is making which of these errors in perceptual judgment?

A) Perceptual defense
B) Projection
C) Stereotyping
D) The halo effect
E) Figure-ground

Question 49

The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is called:

A) selective retention.
B) dissonance.
C) attitude.
D) perception.
E) personality.

Question 50

Research shows that the link between and is small and is influenced by other factors.

A) satisfaction; performance
B) stress; work
C) stress; home
D) stress; performance
E) satisfaction; personality

Question 51

refers to loyalty to the heavy involvement in the organization.

A) Organization citizenship
B) Job satisfaction
C) Dissonance
D) Organizational commitment
E) Job involvement

Question 52

An overall impression of a person or situation based on one characteristic, either favorable or unfavorable, is an example of:

A) projection.
B) the halo effect.
C) perceptual defense.
D) stereotyping.
E) attribution.

Question 53

The Big Five personality factors includes all of these EXCEPT:

A) extroversion.
B) conscientiousness.
C) emotional stability.
D) locus of control.
E) agreeableness.

Question 54

The tendency to overestimate the contribution of internal factors to one's successes and the contribution of external factors to one's failures is a result of:

A) self-serving bias.
B) openness to experience.
C) over stability.
D) emotional plateau.
E) Machiavellianism.

Question 55

Roy is a top executive at a cigarette manufacturing company who believes that cigarettes are dangerous products and they kill people. This condition can be described as:

A) job involvement.
B) extroversion.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) Machiavellianism.
E) job satisfaction.

Question 56

In what stage of the perception process are individuals likely to put things into patterns?

A) Selecting
B) Projecting
C) Organizing
D) Sensing
E) Reasoning

Question 57

Bernice is a outgoing, assertive, and sociable individual who is very comfortable with interpersonal relationships. Which of the following is applicable to Bernice?

A) Machiavellianism
B) Conscientiousness
C) Agreeableness
D) Emotional stability
E) Extroversion

Question 58

Frank regretfully missed an important deadline at work. His boss, George, thinks to himself, "Frank missed that deadline because he is lazy; I really need to crack down on him more." This is an example of what kind of attribution?

A) External attribution
B) Internal attribution
C) Horizontal attribution
D) Vertical attribution
E) Skewed attribution

Question 59

Which of the following is a way for managers to promote organizational committment?

A) Making work difficult
B) Punishing poor performance
C) Creating more rules
D) Giving more rewards
E) Being honest

Question 60

All of the following are tactics for promoting stronger organizational commitment EXCEPT:

A) maintaining a secretive culture
B) being honest and trustworthy in business dealings..
C) giving employees a say in decisions.
D) treating employees fairly.
E) offering employees rewards that they value.

Question 61

Individuals who believe that they control their own destiny are described as having a:

A) high external locus of control.
B) high Mach personality.
C) low introversion characteristic.
D) high internal locus of control.
E) low Mach personality.

Question 62

If Ben is tense, nervous, depressed and insecure, he would tend to be rated as low on which of these factors?

A) Agreeableness
B) Conscientiousness
C) Emotional stability
D) Openness to experience
E) Extroversion

Question 63

Which of these styles, according to Jung, avoids specifics, decentralizes decision-making and develops few rules and regulations?

A) Intuitive-feeling
B) Sensation-thinking
C) Intuitive-thinking
D) Sensation-feeling
E) None of these.

Question 64

Which of the following is defined as the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain?

A) Authoritarianism
B) External locus of control
C) Introversion characteristic
D) Machiavellianism
E) Organizational citizenship

Question 65

Research shows that are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.

A) high introverted individuals
B) high authoritarians
C) high Machs
D) low extroverted individuals
E) low Machs

Question 66

A widely used personality test that measures how people differ on all four of Jung's sets of paired opposites is the ______.

A) Keirsey personality test
B) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
C) Eysenck Personality Test
D) Enneagram Personality Type Detector
E) Oxford Capacity Analysis

Question 67

conflict occurs when an individual perceives incompatible demands from others.

A) Attitude
B) Role
C) Personality
D) Perception
E) Ability

Question 68

Seeking positions of power and responsibility, Chandra has rapidly moved up the ranks within her organization. Colleagues describe her as someone with a tremendous amount of energy, and a powerful force for leadership within the organization. Based on this description, Chandra has what type of personality?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type X
E) Type Y

Question 69

Which of the following refers to the degree to which a person is focused on a few goals, thus behaving in ways that are responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented?

A) Agreeableness
B) Conscientiousness
C) Emotional stability
D) Openness to experience
E) Extroversion

Question 70

Which of the following refers to the tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces?

A) Machiavellianism
B) Emotional stability
C) Locus of control
D) Authoritarianism
E) Extroversion

Question 71

type people, according to Jung, would rather work with known facts and hard data and prefer routine and order in gathering information.

A) Feeling
B) Gut-feel
C) Intuitive
D) Sensation
E) Affective

Question 72

People with an external locus of control are:

A) more achievement oriented.
B) better able to handle complex information and problem solving.
C) more independent.
D) easier to motivate.
E) easier to manage.

Question 73

Traits of seem to be particularly important in today's collaborative organizations.

A) likability
B) agreeableness
C) friendliness
D) openness
E) sociability

Question 74

Jason has been unemployed for three months. When his wife asked him why he was not looking for a job, Jason responded, "If I am lucky, I will get my old job back." Jason would be considered as having an:

A) external locus of control.
B) high conscientiousness.
C) sensation and intuition type personality.
D) internal locus of control.
E) high Mach attitude.

Question 75

Which of the following terms is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization?

A) Extroversion
B) Machiavellianism
C) Authoritarianism
D) Perceptual distortion
E) Locus of control

Question 76

Maliah bases her judgments on impersonal analysis. To resolve problems at work, she uses reason and logic rather than personal values or emotional aspects of the situation. In gathering information, Maliah prefers routine and order. Based on this information, Maliah ranks highly in which Myers-Briggs category?

A) Judging-Perceiving
B) Intuitive-Thinking
C) Sensation-Thinking
D) Sensation-Feeling
E) Intuitive-Feeling

Question 77

Individuals high on authoritarianism have problems with:

A) power and toughness.
B) use of subjective feelings.
C) sticking to conventional values.
D) obeying recognized authority above them.
E) critically judging others.

Question 78

Canyon River, Inc. is looking for an individual who has a broad range of interests and is imaginative, creative, artistically sensitive, and willing to consider new ideas. Which of these factors are they emphasizing in their search?

A) Agreeableness
B) Conscientiousness
C) Emotional stability
D) Openness to experience
E) Extroversion

Question 79

Rachel is described by her colleagues as pragmatic, super-competitive, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded. She fits which personality category most closely?

A) High Mach
B) Low Mach
C) High Feeling
D) Low Feeling
E) Moderate Thinking

Question 80

A high degree of means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a healthy sense of self-confidence.

A) self-management
B) social cohesiveness
C) social awareness
D) relationship management
E) self-awareness