Deck 28: Rebellion and Reaction, the 1960s and 1970s

Question 1

In 1971, Nixon imposed wage and price controls in an effort to curb inflation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A rebirth of the women's movement in the 1960s was broader than earlier movements and focused on equal rights in every area of life.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In response to Nixon's use of "executive privilege" to withhold evidence during Watergate, Congress bolstered the 1966 Freedom of Information Act to require timely responses to requests for information from government files.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The student free-speech movement was led by __________ in response to the University of California at Berkeley chancellor's ban on campus political demonstrations.

A)Tony Stewart
B)Ben McCarty
C)Mario Savio
D)Tom Hayden
E)William McKinley

Question 5

When North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam in 1975, U.S.troops were sent back into the region.

Question 6

In 1962, Tom Hayden and Al Haber created the __________, the first campus organization based on the tactics employed during the Civil Rights movement.

A)National Association for Campus Activities
B)Students for a Democratic Society
C)Young Republicans
D)College Democrats
E)Students Against Drunk Driving

Question 7

Part of the "Nixon Doctrine" said that the United States would provide weapons and money for nations threatened by communism, but no soldiers.

Question 8

The struggling economy proved to be one of the most important developments during Ford's presidency.

Question 9

Betty Friedan helped spark the women's movement in 1963 with the publication of her book The Feminine Mystique.

Question 10

To avoid military service during the Vietnam War, several thousand young men moved to

A)Canada.
B)Mexico.
C)Great Britain.
D)Alaska.
E)the Bahamas.

Question 11

Red Power refers to activism by militant Hispanic American groups in an effort to acquire better living conditions.

Question 12

Within months of the U.S.troop withdrawal in 1973, the cease-fire in Vietnam collapsed.

Question 13

The New Left came together in opposition to Richard Nixon's policies.

Question 14

During his presidency, Richard Nixon preferred to address foreign policy issues over domestic concerns.

Question 15

President Nixon strongly supported court efforts to complete school desegregation.

Question 16

The Hispanic American leader Cesar Chavez emphasized the value of nonviolent mass protest, such as the la huelga, a union strike against corporate grape growers.

Question 17

In 1968, students of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) promoted the anti-war movement by occupying offices and classrooms and shutting down Columbia University.

Question 18

The Stonewall Riots were an attempt to "stonewall" or block an emerging gay rights movement.

Question 19

Late in President Nixon's first term, the United States cut economic and diplomatic ties with communist China and forced them out of the United Nations.

Question 20

Richard Nixon was impeached for Watergate-related offenses.

Question 21

As he took office in 1969, President Nixon announced that a new era of __________ with the Soviets and Chinese would replace the traditional confrontation tactics.

A)confrontation
B)negotiation
C)vilification
D)eradication
E)brinksmanship

Question 22

The anti-war movement gained increasing support after National Guard shootings killed four students at

A)Texas University.
B)Bowling Green.
C)Northwestern University.
D)Kent State University.
E)Southern California University.

Question 23

Which of the following statements accurately describes the state of Native American rights in the 1960s?

A)Of all minority groups in the United States at the time, Native Americans proved relatively well off because they had the longest life expectancy and lowest suicide rates.
B)Native American rights were considered low priority because they refused to engage in activism of any sort due to their cultural beliefs.
C)Because the U.S.government had largely upheld treaties with Native Americans in the past, they did not see a need to revisit them for the future.
D)With very high unemployment rates, the situation of Native Americans was more desperate than that of any other group in the United States.
E)Sit-ins and occupations like that of Wounded Knee were unsuccessful because they did not attract wide media attention, and federal negotiators still refused to hear their cause.

Question 24

Why did anti-war protests increase across America in the fall of 1969?

A)Nixon's expansion of the air war
B)Egypt's seizure of the Suez Canal
C)The CIA's attempt to assassinate Fidel Castro
D)The execution of Cesar Chavez
E)The draft of college-aged men to fight in Vietnam

Question 25

President Nixon's New Federalism plan promoted

A)sending federal monies to the states to spend as they saw fit.
B)increasing taxes to pay for the war in Vietnam.
C)sending more white men to Vietnam instead of minorities.
D)spending more money on domestic programs at the federal level.
E)lowering taxes because the war in Vietnam was ending.

Question 26

Which of the following helped the sexual revolution grow during the 1960s?

A)Approval of the birth control pill by the FDA
B)Availability of and access to vehicles
C)The decline of sexually transmitted diseases
D)A decline in religious affiliation
E)Increased belief in evolution

Question 27

Cesar Chavez founded the __________, a union for Mexican American migrant farm workers.

A)United Farm Workers
B)League of Latin American Citizens
C)La Raza
D)National Hispanic Council
E)Latino Association of Workers

Question 28

Which of the following statements accurately describes the state of Hispanic rights in the 1960s?

A)Mexican American leaders maintained the bracero program in the 1960s and after, believing that allowing new Mexican immigrants to have low-paying jobs would help the economic advancement of Mexican Americans who had been citizens for longer.
B)After World War II, Mexican Americans experienced very little discrimination in hiring, housing, and education, although activists still fought for ways to celebrate their culture in everyday society.
C)Hispanic Americans' service in the military during World War II had helped to instill a clearer sense of American identity and to inspire them to pursue equality, for they still often experienced segregation, discrimination, and limited opportunities.
D)The population of Hispanic Americans was at its largest in the 1960s, but their rights and social equality only began to improve substantially when the population became much smaller in the 2000s.
E)Strikes and hunger strikes, such as those led by Cesar Chavez, failed to gain widespread media attention, for the primary way Hispanic Americans gained awareness and support for their cause was by working hard at low-paying jobs.

Question 29

A major reason for Nixon's victories in the presidential elections of 1968 and 1972 was

A)Vietnamization.
B)his southern strategy.
C)Watergate.
D)Filegate.
E)deification.

Question 30

Despite not having a reputation for protecting the environment, President Nixon created both __________ and __________.

A)the Clean Air Act; OSHA
B)the Clean Water Act; OSHA
C)the EPA; NOAA
D)the Clean Air Act; Clean Water Act
E)UNICEF; UNCF

Question 31

To apply pressure on communist leaders to end the war in Vietnam, President Nixon

A)increased ground units.
B)threatened China.
C)expanded the air war.
D)removed troops from North Vietnam.
E)ordered no U.S.troops north of the 36th parallel.

Question 32

Founded in the 1960s, __________ worked to promote the advancement of women in American society.

A)NAACP
B)NCAA
C)GOP
D)NOW
E)ERA

Question 33

In the case __________, the Supreme Court ordered that school systems must bus students out of their neighborhoods to achieve racial equality, if necessary.

A)Swann v.Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
B)Brown v.Board of Education
C)The Hopwood Case
D)Alexander v.Holmes County Board of Education
E)Roe v.Wade

Question 34

Thanks to __________ of the Educational Amendments of 1972, discrimination on the basis of gender was forbidden at institutions that received federal funding.

A)Section 8
B)Title IX
C)Amendment X
D)Paragraph 6
E)Article XXIII

Question 35

President Nixon's plan to remove U.S.troops from Vietnam and equip the South Vietnamese soldiers to take control of the war was called

A)the War Powers Resolution.
B)Vietnamization.
C)the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
D)brinksmanship.
E)glasnost.

Question 36

During the 1960s, __________ were characterized by long hair, beards on men, no makeup for women, casual sex, and communal living arrangements.

A)Yuppies
B)Beats
C)Hippies
D)Counterculturalists
E)Generation Xers

Question 37

Which of the following statements accurately describes the state of gay rights in the 1960s and 1970s?

A)The U.S.government officially recognized gay marriage and appointed many gay leaders.
B)The Stonewall riots instilled fear, causing the number of those participating in gay rights movements to decrease drastically.
C)Betty Friedan broke out as one of the earliest champions of gay rights, initially making lesbianism a public part of the women's movement.
D)Every major city came to have a visible gay community, and hundreds of gay organizations were formed.
E)Throughout the 1960s, gay men and lesbians no longer faced cruelty and violence, thanks to the activism of the 1950s.

Question 38

The publication of the __________ showed the American public that they had never been informed of the full story on the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 1964.

A)Mai Lai Papers
B)White Papers
C)Pentagon Papers
D)War Power Resolution
E)Watergate Papers

Question 39

In 1973, the landmark Supreme Court case __________ struck down state laws forbidding abortion.

A)Hill v.Stone
B)The Hopwood Case
C)Roe v.Wade
D)Smith v.Allwright
E)Baker v.Carr

Question 40

George Mitchell and Dennis Banks of the Ojibwa nation founded the __________ in 1968 to protest treatment of Native Americans in the United States.

A)Native American League
B)American Indian Movement
C)Indian Affairs Bureau
D)American Native Association
E)United Farm Workers

Question 41

According to the textbook, Vietnam was the __________ war in U.S.history up to that point and has left a bitter legacy.

A)most brutal
B)least controversial
C)least winnable
D)least successful
E)most misunderstood

Question 42

What did President Ford do early in his presidency that immediately led to controversy and protest?

A)He pardoned Nixon for any possible federal crimes.
B)He sought to give the federal government more overall power.
C)He, unlike Nixon, developed unfriendly, borderline violent relations with China.
D)He refused to veto any bills from Congress.
E)He approved the CIA's attempt to overthrow the Cuban president, Fidel Castro.

Question 43

President Nixon was able to improve diplomatic relations with China because by the early 1970s China was eager to resist __________ expansion.

A)capitalist
B)British
C)Soviet
D)Korean
E)Japanese

Question 44

The SALT Treaty of 1972

A)brought an end to the Cold War.
B)resulted in the demolition of the Berlin Wall.
C)meant that the Iron Curtain would be torn down.
D)removed Soviet missiles from Cuba and U.S.missiles from Turkey.
E)limited American and Soviet nuclear missiles and missile defense systems.

Question 45

President Nixon's greatest successes as a president came in the area of

A)foreign policy.
B)domestic policy.
C)civil rights.
D)civil liberties.
E)women's affairs.

Question 46

The statement that the United States "cannot-and will not-conceive of all the plans, design all the programs, execute all the decisions, and undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world" is known as the

A)Nixon Doctrine.
B)Kennedy Doctrine.
C)War Powers Resolution.
D)Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
E)Bush Doctrine.

Question 47

When Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox took Nixon to court over Watergate issues, Nixon

A)had him fired.
B)resigned.
C)turned over missing evidence.
D)was impeached and removed from office.
E)was able to clear his name of any wrongdoing.

Question 48

President Nixon embraced a policy of __________ with communist nations rather than continued confrontation.

A)escalation
B)brinksmanship
C)détente
D)glasnost
E)revenge

Question 49

What was one reason James (Jimmy) Earl Carter won the election of 1976?

A)He was well known in national political circles.
B)He was strongly in favor of traditional "tax and spend" liberalism.
C)He was considered corruptible but highly intelligent.
D)He received many votes from groups such as southern whites, blacks, urban labor unionists, Jews, and Hispanics.
E)There was a large turnout by eligible voters because Watergate had sparked political interest.

Question 50

Only months after the United States' withdrawal from Vietnam,

A)South Vietnam was able to defeat North Vietnam.
B)war between North and South Vietnam resumed.
C)Korea invaded North Vietnam and defeated the communists there.
D)Russia began to provide weapons for South Vietnam.
E)Both South and North Vietnam agreed to a truce.

Question 51

Negotiations between President Nixon and Soviet Premier Brezhnev resulted in the __________ treaty.

A)SALT I
B)War Powers Resolution
C)NAFTA
D)NRA
E)MEATO

Question 52

Which of the following was an effect of the Watergate scandal?

A)It gave the public reason to praise Nixon for his overwhelming support for and lack of prejudice toward minorities, despite his other failings.
B)It caused Congress to pass several pieces of legislation to increase executive power, such as the War Powers Act.
C)It showed that the press, Congress, and courts had failed to arouse public opinion in the case and, for the most part, protected Nixon.
D)It demonstrated that government aides and officials could only be found guilty of the original crimes and not of covering up evidence.
E)It suggested the lesson that not even a president is above the law, even though Nixon did avoid jail time.

Question 53

Fears in Congress of efforts to renew U.S.military assistance to Vietnam led to the passage of the

A)Nixon Amendment.
B)Monroe Doctrine.
C)War Powers Act.
D)Roosevelt Corollary.
E)Pentagon Papers.

Question 54

During the __________, Israel routed the armies of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan and seized territory from all three nations.

A)Yom Kippur War
B)Ramadan War
C)Six-Day War
D)Mai Lai massacre
E)Tet offensive

Question 55

During his administration, President Nixon authorized the __________ to work to thwart an elected official in Chile from taking office.

A)FBI
B)CIA
C)NSA
D)NRA
E)OSS

Question 56

What was the significance of the "Nixon tapes" in the Watergate scandal?

A)They had been secretly recorded at the order of the prosecutors without Nixon knowing, proving to be an invasion of privacy.
B)They revealed Nixon's willingness to cooperate with investigators, as he supplied them early on in the case.
C)They confirmed Nixon's active role in the cover-up and suggested that certain segments had been erased.
D)They established a precedent for only providing transcriptions of recordings in court cases, as the two versions matched.
E)They confirmed that the White House had not tried to offer "hush money" to witnesses and protected all of Nixon's advisors from time in prison.

Question 57

In August 1972, President Richard Nixon disbanded the __________, making the U.S.military an all-volunteer force.

A)Selective Service
B)Forced Impressment
C)Twenty-Fifth Amendment
D)Conscription Law
E)Martial Law

Question 58

The United States' official involvement in Vietnam came to an end with the

A)War Powers Resolution.
B)Paris Peace Accords.
C)Armistice Agreement.
D)Pentagon Papers.
E)Treaty of Versailles.

Question 59

The Watergate scandal involved a break-in at the

A)Democratic National Committee Headquarters.
B)Republican National Committee Headquarters.
C)Brookings Institute.
D)Cato Institute.
E)Smithsonian Museum.

Question 60

The end of Richard Nixon's presidency came when he

A)was impeached and removed from office.
B)was the first president to resign from office.
C)finished his second term.
D)died in office.
E)was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court.

Question 61

Discuss the various aspects of President Nixon's Vietnam policy.How was Nixon's policy different from those of his predecessors?

Question 62

Discuss the origins of the Watergate crisis, how it grew, and how it brought an end to the Nixon presidency.

Question 63

Why was there a "youth revolt" during the 1960s? What were the issues that led to the creation of the SDC, the free speech movement, and a general "counterculture"?

Question 64

What did the women's movement, Hispanic movement, Native American movement, and gay rights movement all have in common with the civil rights movement? What were the various goals of each movement?

Question 65

Examine President Nixon's foreign policy successes.What made Nixon's approach different from that of his predecessors?