Deck 8: The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850

Question 1

Which of the following does the textbook state was the first stage of a "market economy"?

A)Large-scale commercial agriculture
B)Construction of large factories
C)The adoption of "capitalism"
D)National economic independence
E)A balanced federal budget

Answer 1

Large-scale commercial agriculture

Question 2

While the first labor unions formed on a national scale, by the 1830s more local trade unions existed.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Before 1845, steamboats were used more for transportation on the ocean than on internal waterways.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Between 1830 and 1850 more than 30,000 miles of railroad track were laid across America.

Question 5

The most important advance in communications in the United States by the mid-1800s was the telephone.

Question 6

As late as 1860, three-fourths of the American people lived within twenty-five miles of the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 7

The greatest proportional influx of immigrants in the history of the United States came in the 1820s.

Question 8

Before the middle of the nineteenth century, becoming an attorney or a physician required little formal training.

Question 9

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin on a plantation in Georgia.

Question 10

What was the major advantage of railroads over water transportation?

A)They offered year-round operation.
B)They were easier to build.
C)They could go uphill.
D)They were subsidized by the government.
E)They could cross international borders.

Question 11

The American party was based on nativism.

Question 12

Church attendance, curfews, and limited contact with men were some of the enforced rules for early women factory workers.

Question 13

The first U.S.city to surpass 1 million inhabitants was Boston.

Question 14

The only professions readily available to women in the early nineteenth century were teaching and nursing.

Question 15

Because they too had suffered discrimination, Irish immigrants tended to be sympathetic to blacks.

Question 16

Much of the growth of the Catholic Church in America in the mid-nineteenth century can be attributed to immigration from Ireland.

Question 17

Which of the following was an effect of opening the Erie Canal?

A)It connected Albany to the Gulf of Mexico.
B)It dramatically reduced freight rates.
C)It led to less canal construction in other parts of the country.
D)It decreased shipping through the port of New York.
E)It helped cause New York to go bankrupt due to its cost.

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describes steamboats?

A)They were commercially profitable by the 1790s.
B)They generally had at least twelve-foot drafts.
C)They enabled faster and cheaper two-way travel along major rivers.
D)They were usually built of steel.
E)They soon made railroads obsolete.

Question 19

Using the new McCormick reaper, wheat farmers could harvest more than 20 times as much wheat per day as by hand.

Question 20

The Erie Canal was built primarily by which immigrant groups?

A)German and Irish
B)Irish and Czech
C)Czech and Italian
D)Italian and Polish
E)Polish and Chinese

Question 21

By the early 1800s, the five largest American cities were all major

A)military centers.
B)seaports.
C)iron-producing areas.
D)cotton exporters.
E)state capitals.

Question 22

The advantage clipper ships had over traditional merchant vessels was their

A)greater cargo space.
B)speed.
C)ability to carry more passengers.
D)ability to sail upriver.
E)durability.

Question 23

The first clipper ship was named the

A)Liberty.
B)Agamemnon.
C)Enterprise.
D)Rainbow.
E)Tecumseh.

Question 24

The __________ revolutionized transportation at sea during the 1840s.

A)steamboat
B)sail ship
C)submarine
D)clipper ship
E)screw-propelled ship

Question 25

American employers aggressively recruited immigrants after a worldwide economic slump in the 1830s because

A)the U.S.population was declining.
B)the most successful industrial employers were immigrants themselves.
C)French and German workers were known for their high productivity.
D)immigrants generally worked for less pay.
E)most Americans wanted to farm, not work in a factory.

Question 26

__________ invented the steel plow, which is credited for transforming the Midwest and Great Plains into farmland.

A)Eli Whitney
B)Ross Perot
C)John Deere
D)Samuel Clemens
E)Earl Wood

Question 27

The largest city in the United States by 1860, with a population greater than 1 million, was

A)New York City
B)Boston
C)Philadelphia
D)Washington, D.C.
E)New Orleans

Question 28

The Tariff Bill of 1816 was passed to

A)protect American industry from foreign competition.
B)make global trade easier for U.S.industrialists.
C)lower the cost of American manufactured goods.
D)increase revenue for state governments.
E)retaliate against Latin American suppliers of cheap products.

Question 29

The most important advance in communications by the mid-nineteenth century was the invention of the

A)telephone.
B)wireless radio signal.
C)telegraph.
D)short-wave radio frequency.
E)megaphone.

Question 30

Railroads stimulated the economy not only by improving transportation but also by creating

A)connections to Canada and Mexico.
B)a huge demand for iron, wood, and other equipment.
C)access to markets on the West Coast.
D)access to markets in western Canada.
E)a transcontinental rail route by 1850.

Question 31

"Internal improvements" became a controversial issue because

A)too many might bankrupt the economy.
B)some questioned the constitutionality of using federal funds to finance roads, canals, etc.
C)they required a lot of foreign investment.
D)most Americans wanted to avoid urbanization.
E)immigrant labor was taking jobs from American citizens.

Question 32

The __________, used at an industrial community along the Merrimack River, became the model for mill towns throughout New England.

A)machine tool system
B)English textile system
C)capitalist system
D)Lowell system
E)factory town system

Question 33

What revolutionized cotton production in the South before the Civil War?

A)Slavery
B)The cotton gin
C)Tenant farming
D)Sharecropping
E)The plantation system

Question 34

Why did New England shipping companies oppose tariffs?

A)It would force them to make more trips across the Atlantic Ocean.
B)It would reduce the quantity of goods shipped from Britain and the rest of Europe.
C)It would mean increased competition from shippers from other nations.
D)They would no longer have their monopoly on government imports.
E)They could not afford to send more ships over to get the supplies needed.

Question 35

During the nineteenth century, Americans became known worldwide for their

A)relatively high levels of education.
B)lack of knowledge of the global community.
C)"practical" inventiveness.
D)lack of sophistication.
E)literary output.

Question 36

By 1860, what percentage of the U.S.population lived west of the Appalachians?

A)10 percent
B)15 percent
C)25 percent
D)35 percent
E)50 percent

Question 37

One way that the federal government assisted in the construction of railroads and canals was by

A)awarding land grants to support transportation projects.
B)tax abatements.
C)tax refunds.
D)awarding construction contracts directly.
E)purchasing stock in transportation companies.

Question 38

Some of the earliest American factories produced

A)shoes.
B)cotton textiles.
C)tobacco.
D)muskets.
E)cannons.

Question 39

__________ stimulated the need for producing cloth domestically in the United States.

A)The War of 1812
B)Jefferson's embargo of 1807
C)The Quasi-War
D)The Trail of Tears
E)The American Revolution

Question 40

What did Cyrus McCormick invent that revolutionized wheat production?

A)The iron plow
B)The tractor
C)The mechanical reaper
D)The cotton gin
E)The railroad

Question 41

Describe the changes in transportation that took place in the early nineteenth century that made the emergence of a market economy possible.

Question 42

By 1860 Catholicism had become the largest denomination in the United States because of the large number of __________ immigrants.

A)German
B)Scots
C)Canadian
D)Russian
E)Irish

Question 43

During the period of industrial expansion in the mid-nineteenth century, most women

A)were able to get a better education and enter male-dominated professions.
B)protested their inability to become engineers, physicians, and lawyers.
C)continued to work primarily in the home or on the farm.
D)were treated no better than slaves within the family.
E)became industrial laborers.

Question 44

Most of the overt nationalist sentiment of the mid-nineteenth century seemed to be concentrated in the

A)South.
B)Northeast.
C)Midwest.
D)Appalachian region.
E)rural areas.

Question 45

Describe the changes in the way Americans worked and lived that were a result of increasing industrialism and factory production.

Question 46

Which of the following is true of German immigrants of the mid-nineteenth century?

A)Most of them were Catholic.
B)Most were unskilled.
C)A majority settled in the southern states.
D)Central Texas was to be their final destination.
E)They were religiously diverse.

Question 47

By far the largest number of immigrants to arrive in the United States between 1840 and 1860 came from

A)Ireland and Germany
B)Germany and Scotland
C)Scotland and France
D)France and Russia
E)Russia and Mexico

Question 48

Because of increasing immigration during the nineteenth century, a growing number of American __________ organized efforts and formed political factions to stop the arrivals.

A)Republicans
B)Democrats
C)nativists
D)multiculturalists
E)birthers

Question 49

When craftsmen found it hard to compete with low-priced goods produced in factories, they became more involved in

A)community affairs.
B)politics and unions.
C)church programs.
D)charitable organizations.
E)illegal smuggling.

Question 50

The Industrial Revolution spurred the need for __________, which eventually became the largest professional occupation for men in the United States.

A)teachers
B)lawyers
C)engineers
D)doctors
E)salesmen

Question 51

Describe the general immigration trends of the mid-nineteenth century.What forms did the nativist response to this immigration take?

Question 52

Many of the immigrants who came to the United States in the mid-1800s were

A)murderers and rapists.
B)politicians and laborers.
C)skilled craftsmen and professionals.
D)atheists and agnostics.
E)never able to make a living in the United States.

Question 53

Physicians in the early 1800s

A)were required to go to medical school.
B)were closely regulated by the government.
C)often had very little training.
D)were experts in modern medical science.
E)provided roughly the same services as nurses.

Question 54

Explain how the cotton gin in the South and textile mills in the North expanded the role of slavery in the United States.

Question 55

One of the fastest growing vocations in the first half of the nineteenth century was

A)bookkeeping.
B)law.
C)teaching.
D)iron work.
E)medicine.

Question 56

Which of the following was a demand of the Know-Nothing party regarding immigration?

A)That the waiting period for citizenship be significantly increased
B)That all illegals be deported as soon as possible
C)That all illegals be identified and placed in internment camps
D)That those who had been in the United States at least 10 years be granted amnesty
E)That only skilled craftsmen be allowed to immigrate to the United States

Question 57

Was immigration necessary for industrialization and a market economy to thrive? Explain why or why not.Whatever your answer, include an analysis of the effect that immigration had on the development of industry and subsequent urbanization.

Question 58

Which immigrant group tended to settle more in rural than in urban areas?

A)Germans
B)Scots
C)Canadians
D)Russians
E)Irish

Question 59

Most nineteenth-century Irish immigrants tended to

A)stick together and form Irish neighborhoods.
B)be able to avoid the prejudice endured by other groups.
C)treat other persecuted groups humanely.
D)leave the Catholic faith once in America.
E)live in rural areas and farm.

Question 60

Which of the following was an informal name given to a nativist political party in the mid-nineteenth century?

A)Whigs
B)National-Republicans
C)Know-Nothings
D)Democratic Republicans
E)Federalists