Deck 35: Deuterostomes

Question 1

A tunicate looks like a sponge.How could a biologist distinguish it from a member of the Porifera?

A)Tunicates do not filter feed.
B)Only tunicates produce gametes.
C)Unlike tunicates, sponges are symmetrical.
D)Tunicates have a stomach.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Manta rays, sting rays, and eagle rays are similar to lampreys in that they have cartilaginous skeletons.How are they different from lampreys?

A)They have closed circulatory systems.
B)They have gills.
C)They have jaws.
D)They have bony fin lobes.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A chimpanzee's closest extant relative is a(n)

A)orangutan.
B)mandrill.
C)South American spider monkey.
D)human.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What best describes the tunic of a tunicate?

A)It is made of chitin, like the shell of a crab.
B)It is made of calcium carbonate, like the shell of a clam.
C)It is made of keratin, like human hair.
D)It is made of cellulose, like the cell wall of a plant.

Question 5

A Tyrannosaurus rex's closest relative is a

A)Komodo dragon.
B)bullfrog.
C)squirrel.
D)chicken.

Question 6

All mammals have hair, mammary glands, and a placenta.

Question 7

What feature do monkeys share with iguanas but not with bullfrogs?

A)eyes
B)eggs
C)thoracic breathing
D)four-chambered heart

Question 8

If an adult human suffered a traumatic injury, could their notochord be damaged?

A)Yes; because the notochord is deep within the body only a severe injury could damage it.
B)No; the notochord is encased in bone and it not susceptible to damage.
C)Yes; damage to the notochord often results in paralysis.
D)No; adult humans do not have a notochord.

Question 9

Of the primates listed below, a human's closest extant relative is a(n)

A)South American spider monkey.
B)mandrill.
C)orangutan.
D)ring-tailed lemur.

Question 10

A vertebrate paleontologist is hunting through chalk deposits and finds a set of fused clavicles with some other bone fragments.What has she found?

A)The remains of an amphibian.
B)The remains of a lobe-finned fish.
C)The remains of a bird.
D)The remains of a mammal.

Question 11

The single ventricle in an amphibian heart means the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix.How do amphibians manage to survive despite this inefficiency?

A)The absorb large amounts of fluid.
B)They transport oxygen across the skin.
C)They keep their body temperatures high.
D)They move very slowly.

Question 12

Pulmonary veins carry

A)oxygenated blood.
B)deoxygenated blood.
C)a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 13

One of your closest fish relatives is the coelacanth.Where is its equivalent to your forearm?

A)The claspers
B)The pectoral fin lobe
C)The operculum
D)The gill arch extensions

Question 14

Sharks have a number of fleshy gill slits instead of a bony gill cover.How does this affect their behavior?

A)Their movements are slow due to low oxygen.
B)They live only in highly oxygenated water.
C)They keep swimming to move water across their gills.
D)They do not maintain neutral buoyancy.

Question 15

What would happen to an egg that had a non-functional chorion?

A)The embryo would suffocate or dehydrate.
B)The embryo would starve in the egg.
C)The embryo would die due to high levels of toxic metabolic wastes.
D)The embryo would develop normally.

Question 16

For human races to be considered valid biological groupings, the genetic diversity within the group would have to be _________ the genetic diversity between groups.

A)lower than
B)equal to
C)higher than

Question 17

Which group includes mammals, birds, and reptiles but excludes all other chordates?

A)Vertebrates
B)Amniotes
C)Tetrapods
D)Monotremes

Question 18

Frog eggs most closely resemble

A)chicken eggs.
B)fish eggs.
C)platypus eggs.
D)alligator eggs.

Question 19

What would be an easy way to determine if a skull is a mammal's skull?

A)Look for air sacs in the skull.
B)Examine the teeth.
C)Look for the remains of the tympanum.
D)Measure the brain case volume.

Question 20

Scuba divers use a BCD to control buoyancy.It is essentially a bag that can be inflated or deflated to prevent excessive sinking or floating.How do bony fish accomplish this?

A)They pump their operculum.
B)They adjust the level of gasses in their swim bladder.
C)They adjust their position using the pectoral and pelvic fins.
D)They swim rapidly to saturate the blood with oxygen.

Question 21

When a tourist buys a sand dollar at a beach shop, what are they buying?

A)A calcium carbonate shell secreted from the mantle
B)Anendoskeleton of calcium carbonate ossicles
C)A molted exoskeleton made of chitin
D)An endoskeleton made of bone

Question 22

Which of the following living reptiles care for their young and have a four-chambered heart, as birds do?

A)turtles
B)crocodiles
C)lizards
D)snakes

Question 23

One of the most critical adaptations of the reptiles in relation to their life on land is the evolution of the

A)amniotic egg.
B)allantois egg.
C)chorionic egg.
D)diploid egg.

Question 24

Most bony fishes have a hard plate that covers the gills on each side of the head called the

A)radula.
B)pharyngeal slits.
C)lateral lines.
D)operculum.

Question 25

In terms of number of species, the most successful terrestrial vertebrates that invaded the air are

A)insects.
B)pterosaurs.
C)birds.
D)bats.

Question 26

In addition to a vertebral column, all vertebrates have

A)a distinctive head or skull.
B)an open circulatory system.
C)gills.
D)scales.

Question 27

Amphibians are thought to have evolved from

A)ray-finned fish.
B)lobe-finned fish.
C)spiny fish.
D)skates and rays.

Question 28

Small, fishlike marine chordates, pointed at both ends with no distinguishable head, in which the notochord runs the entire length of the nerve cord, are called

A)arrow worms.
B)tunicates.
C)acorn worms.
D)lancelets.

Question 29

The following classes or superclasses of fish are matched with an example.Select the mismatched pair.

A)Chondrichthyes-sharks
B)Placodermi-lobe-finned fish
C)Myxini-hagfish
D)Osteichthyes-bony fish

Question 30

In humans, one pair of pharyngeal pouches become the tube-shaped organ called the

A)esophagus.
B)trachea.
C)Eustachian tube.
D)bronchial tube.

Question 31

Amphibians are not completely free to live on dry land because

A)their ancestors were fish.
B)their food organisms live in water.
C)their reproduction depends on water.
D)they can escape from predators by jumping into the water.

Question 32

Reptiles can maintain their internal body temperature by

A)behavioral mechanisms.
B)drinking warm or cool water.
C)eating and oxidizing more food.
D)an effective insulating covering.

Question 33

Mammals are the only vertebrates to possess

A)hair.
B)single loop circulation.
C)a four-chambered heart with a pulmonary circuit.
D)endothermy.

Question 34

The only marsupial mammal living in North America is the

A)opossum.
B)raccoon.
C)ring-tailed cat.
D)weasel.

Question 35

Which of the following is considered the key innovation that started chordates along the evolutionary path that led to vertebrates?

A)a flexible rod to which muscles are attached, which allowed lateral movement of the back
B)an internal endoskeleton
C)a skin covering the entire body to prevent desiccation
D)a hard shell encasing the body

Question 36

Mammals are thought to have evolved from

A)thecodonts.
B)therapsids.
C)dinosaurs.
D)marsupials.

Question 37

Birds, like mammals, can regulate their body temperatures within close limits.Therefore birds and mammals are called

A)ectothermic.
B)poikilothermic.
C)endothermic.
D)heterothermic.

Question 38

It is generally accepted that the vertebrates that evolved during the early Devonian period are the

A)sharks and bony fish.
B)hominoids.
C)birds.
D)dinosaurs.

Question 39

Monotremes differ from the other mammals in their

A)laying of shelled eggs.
B)lack of milk-producing glands.
C)fur.
D)carnivorous nature.

Question 40

The mucous sheet produced by the endostyle traps the microscopic food particles in the water.This sheet is located in the pharynx of what animal?

A)arrow worm
B)tunicate
C)acorn worm
D)lancelet

Question 41

Homo erectus and the modern humans differ in

A)social behavior.
B)living as tribes.
C)their brain size.
D)their upright posture.

Question 42

Which of the following evidence obtained from fossil studies is generally accepted as marking the beginning of the hominids?

A)large brain development
B)walking upright
C)bipedalism
D)development of lower limbs longer than forelimbs

Question 43

All of the following features are true of Anthropoids except

A)they include monkeys, apes, and humans.
B)almost all were diurnal.
C)opposable thumbs.
D)living in groups with complex social interactions.

Question 44

Homo erectus has been shown to have dispersed from

A)Africa.
B)Asia.
C)South America.
D)Europe.

Question 45

Which of the following has the longest fossil record?

A)Homo sapiens
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo habilis
D)Homo neanderthalensis

Question 46

Our own species, __________, appears to have evolved in Africa less than 200,000 years ago.

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo sapiens
D)Homo hominis

Question 47

A friend of yours visited a natural history museum that had a replica of the Archaeopteryx.She told you the characteristics of Archaeopteryx that she either noticed or read at the display.Which one did she misread?

A)Archaeopteryx had feathers, as do modern birds.
B)Archaeopteryx lacked teeth, as do modern birds.
C)Archaeopteryx had solid bones, unlike the hollow bones of modern birds.
D)Archaeopteryx had wings as do modern birds.

Question 48

Apes and humans together make up a group called

A)hominids.
B)hominoids.
C)Homo sapiens.
D)habilis.

Question 49

All of the following about Homo habilis is true except

A)the species lived in Africa for 500,000 years and then became extinct.
B)the species coexisted with dinosaurs.
C)the species was replaced by a new kind of human, which had a larger brain.
D)the species was small in stature.

Question 50

All of the following are true about prosimians except

A)they are big-eyed mammals with increased visual acuity.
B)only two lineages survive today.
C)they are nocturnal.
D)they are widespread.

Question 51

Bony fishes possess two features not found in other fish.Select the best choice from those listed below to complete the following sentence.Bony fishes have

A)swim bladders and gill covers called opercula.
B)swim bladders and a complete digestive system.
C)swim bladders and a closed circulatory system.
D)swim bladders and movable jaws.

Question 52

All of the following features are true of primates except

A)they are mammals with grasping fingers and toes.
B)they belong to the order containing lemurs, monkeys, and apes.
C)they have binocular vision.
D)they have prehensile tails.

Question 53

Chimpanzees are considered to be our closest extant relative because

A)they have prehensile tails.
B)their genome is 99% identical to the human genome.
C)their upper/lower limbs equally account for bearing the body weight.
D)they have flat, spreading noses.

Question 54

Modern humans share the greatest similarities with which one of the hominids?

A)Australopithecines
B)Neanderthals
C)Cro-Magnons
D)Prosimians

Question 55

One characteristic that New World monkeys have that Old World monkeys lack is

A)binocular vision.
B)opposable thumbs.
C)hair covering their bodies.
D)prehensile tails.

Question 56

The hominid australopithecines are generally accepted to be different from modern humans because

A)only humans are bipedal.
B)the human skull is apelike in appearance with a strongly projecting face.
C)human brains on an average are at least twice as large in size.
D)human arms are longer than legs.

Question 57

New World monkeys evolved approximately 30 million years ago.These animals are easy to identify because they

A)have opposable thumbs and binocular vision.
B)have prehensile tails and hair.
C)have protruding noses and prehensile tails.
D)have flattened noses and prehensile tails.

Question 58

Because of its association with tools, the earliest human was called ____________ meaning "handy man."

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo sapiens
D)Neanderthal

Question 59

DNA studies can be used to make all of the following conclusions except that

A)The gibbon ape line diverged about 15 million years ago.
B)Orangutans split off about 10 million years ago.
C)The gorilla lineage diverged about 8 million years ago.
D)Modern man remained changeless for the last 1 million years.

Question 60

Apes and monkeys differ in two noticeable characteristics.These characteristics are that apes have

A)opposable thumbs and monkeys do not, and apes have binocular vision and monkeys do not.
B)opposable thumbs and monkeys do not, and apes have tails and monkeys do not.
C)binocular vision and monkeys do not, and apes have tails and monkeys do not.
D)larger brains than monkeys do, and monkeys have tails and apes do not.

Question 61

The invasion of the land by amphibians posed a number of challenges requiring evolutionary innovations.Which one of the following does NOT match a challenge with a corresponding adaptation found in amphibians?

A)The force of gravity was greater without water's buoying effect, selecting for well-muscled legs.
B)Additional oxygen was needed for larger muscles, selecting for the partially-divided heart and pulmonary circuit.
C)Eggs dry out in a terrestrial environment, selecting for the amniotic egg.
D)Gills tend to collapse out of the water, selecting for lungs and cutaneous respiration.

Question 62

Animals with pentaradial symmetry have 5 planes of symmetry.

Question 63

Which one of the following is not an adaptation shown by modern birds?

A)a respiratory system that allows all of the air to pass through the lungs in one direction
B)complete division of the heart into right and left halves
C)endothermy
D)wings and a long feathered tail

Question 64

To which group of fishes does the following description apply: swim bladder, bony skeleton, and paired fins supported by bony rays.

A)Sarcopterygi
B)Actinopterygi
C)Chondrichthyes
D)Placodermi

Question 65

Which one of the following structures is not found in all adult and larval tunicates?

A)incurrent siphon
B)excurrent siphon
C)gill slits
D)notochord

Question 66

Which one of the following incorrectly pairs a vertebrate group with its major evolutionary innovation?

A)Amphibians-paired lateral fins
B)Dinosaurs-bipedalism
C)Placoderms-jaws
D)Sharks-teeth

Question 67

You dissect a specimen of a vertebrate during an anatomy laboratory.It has the following characteristics: lungs, abundant blood capillaries under thin skin, a partially-divided heart, a pulmonary circuit, and four walking legs.What is this animal?

A)lungfish
B)amphibian
C)reptile
D)placental mammal

Question 68

Which one of the following is the least likely reason that bipedalism evolved in hominoids?

A)requires less energy than walking with all four legs
B)frees the hands for tool-making
C)frees the hands for carrying food to be shared with others
D)allows better surveillance for predators

Question 69

Sea stars belong to the

A)Asteroidea.
B)Holothuroidea.
C)Echinoidea.
D)Crinoidea.

Question 70

Which one of the following does not match a component of the amniotic egg with its primary function?

A)shell-porous, protective covering
B)chorion-exchange of respiratory gases; retention of water
C)amnion-encloses embryo within an oxygen-filled cavity
D)allantois-segregates nitrogenous wastes from embryo

Question 71

What do echinoderms and chordates have in common?

A)endoskeletons
B)dorsal nerve cords
C)protostome development
D)ecdysis

Question 72

Which one of the following was not an adaptation seen in the sharks (Chondrichthyes)?

A)lateral line system
B)internal fertilization and internal development
C)swim bladder
D)teeth