Deck 33: Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Question 1

Touching a jellyfish can be a very painful experience whereas touching a comb jelly is not painful.Why is there a difference?

A)Nematocysts in ctenophores lack venom.
B)Ctenophores have very reduced nematocysts that cannot penetrate human skin.
C)Ctenphores do not possess nematocysts.
D)Ctenophores only use nematocycts for feeding, not for defense.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Given the distribution of the 30 or so animal phyla across the Earth's various ecosystems, what would be the most likely habitat for the origin of animals?

A)Rain forests
B)Freshwater habitats
C)Deserts
D)Oceans

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Linnaeus lumped all of the worm-like animals into the category Vermes (Vermis is Latin for worm).Is this a valid classification scheme?

A)No, because some worms are protists.
B)Yes, because all worms are members of the same phylum.
C)Yes, because all worm-like animals are more closely related to each other than they are to other animals.
D)No, because the worm-like body plan has appeared many times through evolutionary history and is not a useful trait for classification.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The embryonic layer found only in bilaterally symmetrical eumetazoans is the ______.

Question 5

In animals that display indeterminate development

A)embryonic cells have a predetermined fate.
B)bilateral symmetry cannot develop.
C)early embryonic cells, if separated from the embryo, can develop into complete organisms.
D)embryonic cells show spiral cleavage.

Question 6

Eumetazoa can be subdivided into two principal branches based on ____.

Question 7

A scientist is studying some developing eggs from an ocean sample.The early embryos have divided only a few times, and all cells look identical.When the scientist carefully removes half the cells from an embryo, both clumps of cells are able to complete development, forming twins.The eggs can be identified as:

A)deuterostomes
B)protostomes
C)crustaceans
D)cnidarians

Question 8

Damage to its flagellum would prevent a choanocyte from

A)circulating water through the sponge.
B)stinging and capturing prey.
C)secreting spongin to form the sponge body.
D)producing the supportive spicules.

Question 9

In the animal subkingdom _____, the animals lack symmetry and possess neither tissues nor organs.

Question 10

Which of the following terms is mismatched with its meaning or characteristics?

A)Diploblastic-ectoderm and mesoderm
B)Triploblastic-ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
C)Parazoa-lacks symmetry; no tissues
D)Eumetazoa-definite symmetry; tissues organized

Question 11

A researcher is using molecular phylogenetic techniques to determine the evolutionary relationships of a large set of animal species.Which type of species are most likely to have been wrongly classified based on morphology alone?

A)Parasitic species
B)Aquatic species
C)Bilateral species
D)Terrestrial species

Question 12

A biologist discovered a new animal.Upon studying its embryonic development, she observed radial cleavage with the blastopore developing into an anus.This animal was categorized as a

A)parazoan.
B)radiata.
C)deuterostome.
D)protostome.

Question 13

In all deuterostomes, the cells divide parallel to and at right angles to the polar axis.This pattern is called _______________.

Question 14

Solid worms that lack a body cavity are known as

A)acoelomates.
B)pseudocoelomates.
C)triploblastic.
D)coelomates.

Question 15

Animals with a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm are _____.

Question 16

Pseudocoelomate nematodes lack a body cavity.

A)Correct, their pseudocoel does not allow for the development and expansion of organs.
B)Incorrect, their body cavity is fully enclosed by ectoderm but is a functional body cavity.
C)Correct, they are solid from the gut to the cuticle.
D)Incorrect, although not fully enclosed by mesoderm the pseudocoel is a body cavity.

Question 17

Of the following features, which is the most widely shared in the animal kingdom?

A)protostome development
B)radial cleavage
C)molting of a cuticle or exoskeleton
D)a body plan with symmetry

Question 18

A mixture of DNA fragments is amplified from a sample of ocean water.Which gene(s) could be definitively categorized as originating from a species of animal?

A)Genes for ATP synthase
B)Genes for RuBisCO
C)Gene for Spongin
D)Cell cycle regulatory genes

Question 19

Protostomes develop through

A)spiral cleavage.
B)radial cleavage.
C)axial cleavage.
D)polar cleavage.

Question 20

How could a biologist distinguish an acoel flatworm from a free living platyhelminth?

A)The acoel worm would be solid throughout, since it lacks a gut.
B)The acoel worm would have a nervous system.
C)The platyhelminth would have a more primitive gut and nervous system.
D)Only the acoel is triploblastic.

Question 21

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Platyhelminthes?

A)radial cleavage
B)protostome
C)diploblastic
D)acoelomate

Question 22

Select the following phylum that includes animals that are unsegmented, acoelomate, and have a digestive cavity with a single opening.

A)Annelida
B)Platyhelminthes
C)Nematoda
D)Cnidaria

Question 23

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Mollusca?

A)protostome
B)pseudocoelomate
C)Parazoa
D)diploblastic

Question 24

Select the following phylum that includes protostome animals that are segmented, bilaterally symmetric, and have a chitinous exoskeleton.

A)Arthropoda
B)Annelida
C)Mollusca
D)Brachiopoda

Question 25

What are the three animal phyla that dominate animal life on land?

A)Cnidaria, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes
B)Porifera, Arthropoda, Nematoda
C)Nematoda, Chordata, Cnidaria
D)Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata

Question 26

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Arthropoda?

A)radial symmetry
B)diploblastic
C)coelomate
D)Parazoa

Question 27

Molecular data confirm that cnidarians branched off from the rest of animals before ____________ evolved.

A)echinoderms
B)Porifera
C)mollusks
D)bilaterial symmetry

Question 28

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Bryozoa?

A)radial symmetry
B)lophophore
C)Parazoa
D)deuterostome

Question 29

Which one of the following features is unique to animals?

A)cells organized into tissues
B)movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue
C)heterotrophism
D)cells without walls

Question 30

Which one of the following applies to the phylum Ctenophora?

A)often bioluminescent marine animals
B)protostome
C)coelomate
D)deuterostome

Question 31

Select the phylum that includes deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have radial symmetry as adults.

A)Porifera
B)Rotifera
C)Echinodermata
D)Chordata

Question 32

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Cnidaria?

A)radial symmetry
B)pseudocoelomate
C)Parazoa
D)triploblastic

Question 33

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Nematoda?

A)Parazoa
B)diploblastic
C)deuterostome
D)pseudocoelomate