Deck 8: Photosynthesis

Question 1

Jan Baptista van Helmont did an important experiment related to photosynthesis.He weighed a small willow tree and a pot of soil.Jan then planted the tree in the pot.Over the course of five years, he added only water to the pot.At the end of five years, he weighed the tree and found that it had gained 74.4 kg.He weighed the soil, and it was only 57 g less.What do the results of this specific experiment demonstrate about what is needed for a plant to grow and increase its mass?

A)All of the food a plant needs to grow comes from the soil
B)Plants do not need soil to grow
C)Plants must be able to increase their mass using substances in addition to what is found in soil
D)All of the food a plant needs to grow comes from the water

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A protein that has been transported past the outer chloroplast membrane would have to pass how many more membranes to reach the stroma and thylakoid lumen, respectively?

A)0,1
B)1,2
C)2,3
D)3,4

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Carbon dioxide and water can combine to form glucose, water and oxygen.What is required for that process to occur?

A)Nothing, this is a spontaneous reaction
B)Energy from the process of cellular respiration
C)Light energy from the sun
D)Mitochondria This describes the process of photosynthesis, which is an endergonic reaction requiring light energy.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The Calvin cycle of a plant exposed to light during the day that is suddenly put in the dark

A)cannot run, as it requires light energy directly.
B)can still run as long as there is ATP, CO₂, and NADPH present.
C)runs in a different place in the plant.
D)uses a different source of carbon. The Calvin cycle includes the light-independent reactions.Review section 8.6

Question 5

Which plants utilize a specialized carbon fixation enzyme and a unique cell structure to reduce the problems of photorespiration?

A)C₃
B)C₄
C)Desert
D)Arctic

Question 6

Flattened sacs of internal membranes associated with photosynthesis are called

A)chloroplasts.
B)photosystems.
C)the stroma.
D)thylakoids.

Question 7

In photosynthesis, carbon fixation occurs:

A)in photosystem I
B)in the electron transport chain
C)in photosystem II
D)in the Calvin cycle

Question 8

In order to generate one glucose molecule, the Calvin cycle has to turn how many times?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)6

Question 9

A plant is treated with a chemical that blocks the flow of electrons between photosystem II and photosystem I, such that protons are not transported from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.What is the effect of this chemical on photosynthesis?

A)the increased number of protons will be directly used in the thylakoid to produce glucose
B)an increased proton gradient will provide the energy needed to produce ATP from the light reactions
C)a decreased proton gradient will cause less ATP to be produced from the light reactions
D)the increased proton gradient will be used to make NADPH for the Calvin cycle

Question 10

Light consists of units of energy called

A)electrons.
B)photons.
C)calories.
D)neutrons.

Question 11

In eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside the ________.

A)chloroplasts
B)mitochondria
C)cytoplasm
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 12

The splitting of water and the generation of oxygen occur where?

A)Photosystem I
B)The Krebs Cycle
C)The Calvin Cycle
D)Photosystem II Review Section 8.5.

Question 13

Clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigments are called ________.

A)the Golgi apparatus
B)chloroplasts
C)photosystems
D)photosynthetic membranes

Question 14

Plants that show a pattern of stomatal opening and closing that is the reverse of C₃ plants are called

A)C₄.
B)Temperate.
C)CAM.
D)Calvin cycle.

Question 15

If the gene encoding the enzyme rubisco is mutated such that it is non-functional, the process that would be affected is the ability to

A)make ATP.
B)harvest photons.
C)fix carbon.
D)make O₂.

Question 16

In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, CO₂ is added to a five-carbon molecule known as

A)cellulose.
B)ribose.
C)deoxyribose.
D)RuBP.

Question 17

Where do the carbon atoms in glucose come from?

A)Sunlight
B)Carbon dioxide
C)Water
D)NADPH Through the process of photosynthesis, the carbons in carbon dioxide are fixed and ultimately utilized to generate glucose.Review the equation of photosynthesis in section 8.1.

Question 18

Most plants incorporate carbon dioxide into sugars by means of a cycle of reactions called the

A)CAM cycle.
B)carbon cycle.
C)Calvin cycle.
D)Krebs cycle.

Question 19

The number of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules that would be produced from 24 turns of the Calvin cycle would be

A)6
B)8
C)4
D)12

Question 20

If you tagged organic carbon inside a chloroplast with a fluorescent label, the location most likely to have a high concentration of labeled carbon would be in the

A)Stroma
B)Thylakoid membrane
C)Between the outer and inner membranes
D)Inside the thylakoid

Question 21

The cyclic carbon fixation reactions are also known as the

A)Krebs cycle.
B)Calvin cycle.
C)citric acid cycle.
D)tri carboxylic acid cycle.

Question 22

Since Rubisco can either fix carbon or oxidize RuBP, what condition will be most favorable for glucose production?

A)moderate temperatures
B)high temperatures
C)dry climate
D)high oxygen environment

Question 23

What is common to both photosystems I and II?

A)Both involve the splitting of water to donate an electron to the reaction center
B)Both involve the generation of oxygen
C)Both lose an electron to a primary electron acceptor that passes the electron down an electron transport chain leading to the generation of ATP
D)Both contain a reaction center composed of chlorophyll a

Question 24

Visible light has a wavelength range of

A)400-740 nanometers.
B)200-800 nanometers.
C)200-400 nanometers.
D)200-740 nanometers.

Question 25

In the photosystem I reaction center, light energy captured by pigment molecules is passed to a special reaction center chlorophyll a called

A)P₆₈₀.
B)P₇₀₀.
C)chlorophyll I.
D)chlorophyll II.

Question 26

The photosynthetic electron transport causes the accumulation of protons in which part of the chloroplast?

A)matrix
B)stroma
C)outer membrane
D)internal thylakoid space

Question 27

Chlorophyll b absorbs green wavelengths of light that chlorophyll a cannot absorb.In this respect, chlorophyll b acts as

A)an accessory pigment.
B)an energizer for photosynthetic bacteria.
C)a light absorber in the green light.
D)a more efficient pigment.

Question 28

A plant researcher wants to construct a synthetic cellulose fiber from 20 glucose molecules.How many molecules of CO₂ and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are needed to construct the fiber?

A)20, 40
B)120, 60
C)120, 40
D)20, 60

Question 29

In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located?

A)stroma
B)thylakoids
C)grana
D)envelope

Question 30

Which type of plant can utilize the Calvin cycle?

A)C₃ plants
B)CAM plants
C)C₄ plants
D)C₃, C₄, and CAM plants All of these plants can do the Calvin cycle.The difference between them is how they fix carbon.

Question 31

A tomato plant is mutated with gamma radiation.A cellular analysis reveals that ATP synthase complexes found in the thylakoid membrane are inserted backwards into the membrane.What is the most likely outcome of this error?

A)A proton gradient will not be established in the thylakoid space in response to the activation of photosystem II
B)The proton gradient in the thylakoid space will not be able to be used to generate ATP
C)The thylakoid membrane will become permeable to protons as a result of this change
D)The ATP synthase will pump protons into the stroma in this orientation

Question 32

What products of light reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle?

A)oxygen and protons
B)carbon dioxide and water
C)ATP and NADPH
D)ADP and NADP

Question 33

Why is eating carrots thought to be useful for enhancing vision?

A)High levels of chlorophyll in carrots helps with photosynthesis in the eyes.
B)High levels of beta-carotene can lead to the production of a pigment used in vision.
C)High levels of carotenoids in carrots can allow vertebrate eyes to perform the dark reactions.
D)High levels of NADPH in carrots can allow vertebrate eyes to perform the light reactions. See section 8.3.In no case can vertebrates perform the reactions of photosynthesis within their own cells.

Question 34

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are those that

A)convert glucose into energy.
B)convert chlorophylls into light energy.
C)convert water into hydrogen and oxygen.
D)convert CO₂ into reduced molecules (sugars).

Question 35

In green plants, which photosystem absorbs photons to excite electrons in the reaction center?

A)Photosystem I
B)Photosystem II
C)Photosystem III
D)Photosystem I and II

Question 36

One of the disadvantages of the C₄ pathway is that it requires

A)more O₂.
B)more NADPH.
C)more light.
D)more ATP.

Question 37

If a plant's stomata were always closed, how would this affect the plant's ability to make glucose?

A)There would be no effect on the ability of the plant to make glucose
B)Plants would be able to make more sugar than normal
C)Plants would make less sugar than normal

Question 38

Molecules that absorb light are called

A)enzymes.
B)electron carriers.
C)pigments.
D)photosynthesizers.

Question 39

The photosystem channels the excitation energy gathered by absorption of light by any one of the pigment molecules to a specific reaction center chlorophyll, which in turn passes the energy to

A)photosystem I.
B)photosystem II.
C)the primary electron acceptor.
D)the secondary electron center.

Question 40

In the light-independent reactions, when CO₂ is added to a molecule of Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) the product is

A)citric acid.
B)glucose.
C)glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
D)3-phosphoglycerate.

Question 41

During the light-dependent reactions, due to electron transport, the thylakoid space becomes

A)the site of ATP synthesis.
B)the site of NADPH production.
C)the site where the Calvin cycle occurs
D)more acidic than the stroma.

Question 42

If you exposed a C₄ plant to ¹⁴CO₂ in the light, which would be the first organic molecule labeled with ¹⁴C?

A)oxaloacetate
B)malate
C)pyruvate
D)phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Question 43

As a result of the transition from daytime to nighttime, how will the relative concentrations of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) change in C3 plants?

A)The concentrations of G3P and RuBP would remain the same.
B)The concentrations of G3P and RuBP would both decrease.
C)G3P would increase and RuBP would decrease.
D)G3P would decrease and RuBP would increase.

Question 44

Carotenoids are important to many plants because these pigments are able to

A)remove carbon dioxide from the air.
B)absorb wavelengths of light that neither chlorophyll a nor b can absorb.
C)absorb water so that hydrolysis can be carried out in the chloroplasts.
D)capture UV radiation that is harmful to the DNA in the nucleus of plant cells.

Question 45

You are working on a research project that involves a mutational analysis of the light harvesting complex Lhca1, which is an important light harvesting complex found in plants.Your labmate asks where this complex is located.You say it is in the.

A)outer chloroplast membrane
B)inner chloroplast membrane
C)thylakoid membrane
D)stroma

Question 46

If chlorophyll a is blocked from absorbing light, what would be the effect on the ability of the plant to do photosynthesis?

A)The plant will have an enhanced ability to carry out light-dependent reactions
B)The plant will have an enhanced ability to carry out light-independent reactions
C)The plant will have a decreased ability to carry out light-dependent reactions
D)The plant's ability to carry out photosynthesis will be unchanged, as one of the accessory pigments can fill in for chlorophyll a

Question 47

What is the color of light that chlorophylls absorb that has the highest energy?

A)green
B)violet-blue
C)red
D)yellow-orange Chlorophylls absorb violet-blue, blue, orange-red, and red light.Of these, violet-blue light has the shortest wavelength and thus the highest energy.

Question 48

What color of light is not strongly absorbed by chlorophyll?

A)green
B)violet-blue
C)red
D)yellow-orange

Question 49

The Calvin cycle requires all of the following except

A)carbon dioxide.
B)oxygen.
C)ATP.
D)NADPH.

Question 50

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the regulation of photorespiration.Based on this information, ABA likely plays a role in

A)the opening and closing of stomata.
B)the photoelectric effect.
C)cyclic photophosphorylation.
D)noncyclic photophosphorylation.

Question 51

CAM and C₄ plants likely grow in what type of environment?

A)Cool
B)Hot and arid
C)High altitude
D)In water Both of these types of plants have adaptations that allow them to minimize photorespiration.As a result, they likely grow in hot, arid environments where stomata close to minimize water loss.

Question 52

Which experimental modification would most effectively help to determine the sequence of reactions and reaction intermediates in the Calvin cycle?

A)Exposing the cells to ¹⁴CO₂ for various time intervals
B)Exposing the cells to alternating periods of light and darkness
C)Exposing the cells to radiolabeled O₂ instead of ¹⁴CO₂
D)Varying the amount of water the cells are exposed to

Question 53

If the Calvin cycle were to be temporarily restricted, the highest concentration of NADPH would likely be in the

A)thylakoid space.
B)thylakoid membrane.
C)stroma.
D)chloroplast outer membrane.

Question 54

The role of the antenna complex in a photosystem is to

A)transfer excited electrons to the primary electron acceptor.
B)generate glucose.
C)generate NADPH.
D)capture photons from sunlight.

Question 55

In plants, the light-dependent reactions require

A)ATP.
B)O₂.
C)NADP⁺.
D)glucose.

Question 56

Fall leaf color on deciduous trees is a result of

A)the production of more accessory pigments because of the cooler temperatures.
B)the reduction in the production of accessory pigments.
C)cessation of chlorophyll production, which allows the accessory pigments to be revealed.
D)the increased angle of the sun during the fall, which reflects more of the accessory pigments.

Question 57

Based on a variety of experiments, it is known that the rate of photosynthesis is highest when wavelengths of light between 400 and 500 nm are used, and when wavelengths around 700 nm are used.What does this indicate about the relative importance of chlorophyll a and b in photosynthesis?

A)Reflection of light by chlorophyll a and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis
B)Absorption of light by chlorophyll a and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis
C)Transmission of light by chlorophyll a and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis
D)Chlorophyll a and b are much less important than other pigments in the reflection, absorption and transmission of light relevant to photosynthesis

Question 58

What are the characteristics of red light, which is absorbed by chlorophylls?

A)Its photons have the shortest wavelength in the visual spectrum
B)Its photons have the highest energy in the visual spectrum
C)Its photons have the longest wavelength in the visual spectrum
D)It is not considered a part of the visual spectrum Review Figure 8.4

Question 59

Most atmospheric oxygen comes from photosynthesis.From which of the following molecules is the oxygen derived?

A)water
B)carbon dioxide
C)glucose
D)chlorophyll a

Question 60

Light-dependent reactions generate

A)ATP and NADPH.
B)NADP⁺.
C)CO₂.
D)light.

Question 61

In photosynthesis, ATP is made by

A)chemiosmosis.
B)glycolysis.
C)the Krebs cycle.
D)the Calvin cycle.

Question 62

If the antenna complex did not exist in a particular plant mesophyll cell, what effect would that have on photosynthesis?

A)There would be no expected effect on photosynthesis
B)These cells would be unable to absorb any light energy
C)These cells would have a reduced capacity to generate glucose
D)These cells would be able to fix more carbon dioxide

Question 63

The ATP generated from cellular respiration is not sufficient to drive the Calvin cycle in plants, even if appropriate levels of NADPH and CO2 are present.Why not?

A)Plants do not undergo cellular respiration
B)Breaking down sugar to provide the energy needed to synthesize sugar would be a futile cycle
C)The Calvin cycle requires more ATP than can possibly be made from cellular respiration
D)Cellular respiration and photosynthesis do not happen in the same cells in plants