Deck 11: Education and Religion

Question 1

Many parents support a voucher system of education because it would

A) help their schools receive more funding.
B) further the alternative school movement.
C) help their schools return to the basics.
D) allow parents to choose what they think is a good school.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

All of the following are among the positive functions of education, EXCEPT for

A) providing knowledge and teaching skills.
B) providing jobs for educators.
C) enhancing social mobility.
D) maintaining custodial care.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Researchers suggest that students in U.S. schools have lower achievement than Japanese students for all the following reasons EXCEPT

A) social problems such as alcohol and drug abuse.
B) working mothers.
C) inadequate test preparation.
D) teenagers working part-time.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

John believes that the American education system reinforces the advantages or disadvantages that students already have as a result of their class backgrounds. Johnʹs viewpoint reflects the perspective.

A) conflict
B) symbolic interactionist
C) functionalist
D) subjective

Question 5

Hank attends a public high school and each morning he and the other students sing ʺThe Star-Spangled Banner.ʺ He is partaking in the function of education.

A) custodial
B) social mobility
C) talent search
D) national unity

Question 6

One serious consequence of the national unity function of education is

A) promoting anti-communism.
B) distorting a countryʹs history by leaving out shameful acts.
C) making the study of history into a boring, detailed exercise.
D) accurately projecting a countryʹs past.

Question 7

There is much evidence to support the view that an individualʹs level of education

A) is positively related to income level.
B) is negatively related to income level.
C) has little to do with how much money a person will actually earn.
D) shapes job choices but not income.

Question 8

Conflict theorists argue that the problems of education are not rooted in education but in

A) the class levels of the childrenʹs parents.
B) the biological makeup of the children.
C) the structure of privilege in the larger society.
D) the hopes and aspirations of the people.

Question 9

Johnnyʹs teacher rewards his good work and encourages him to believe he can do well. By the yearʹs end, Johnny shows improvement and confidence. This is an example of

A) the Pygmalion Effect.
B) teacher bias.
C) a self-defeating prophecy.
D) the Oedipus complex.

Question 10

Many national task forces on education have warned that the United States is ʺa nation at riskʺ because

A) the schools are becoming multicultural.
B) fewer students are attending schools.
C) the cost of education has dramatically increased.
D) the educational foundations are being eroded by mediocrity.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a possible reason why compensatory educational programs have not succeeded?

A) opposition by most parents regardless of race
B) measuring success in the short rather than the long run
C) the continuing influence of the poor family environment
D) inadequate funding

Question 12

According to the functionalist perspective, schools help the job market by

A) keeping students out of the labor force.
B) moving more people into the labor force.
C) speeding up the educational process.
D) teaching students the necessary leadership skills.

Question 13

Custodial care provided by schools is

A) a stated goal of the education system.
B) a latent function of the education system.
C) unknown in U.S. schools.
D) virtually disappearing.

Question 14

During the 1980s, sociologists tracked the educational performance of students who attended Head Start programs. These studies have shown that Head Start

A) does not benefit low income students.
B) benefits low income students.
C) cannot overcome the influence of a poor family environment.
D) benefits female students but not males.

Question 15

Studies in developing countries where students do not attend school have shown that

A) there is a significant impact on cognitive development.
B) there is no difference in cognitive learning than those who attend school.
C) learning occurs at the same rate as in developed countries.
D) knowledge and skills are transmitted by parents.

Question 16

The use of school for the purpose of ʺAmericanizingʺ immigrants and minorities is called

A) educational socialization.
B) cultural unification.
C) cultural imperialism.
D) social mobility.

Question 17

Education makes social mobility available throughout the society by

A) forcing people to learn knowledge in schools.
B) stimulating economic growth.
C) providing a setting for economic integration.
D) providing students with a global perspective.

Question 18

According to the conflict perspective, the purpose of the tracking system in schools is to

A) help low ability students achieve on their own levels.
B) reinforce inequalities in achievement.
C) promote integration based on race and income.
D) provide more jobs for teachers.

Question 19

Adults returning to higher education do so for all the following reasons EXCEPT

A) retraining.
B) to enrich their quality of life.
C) new careers.
D) to have access to the university library.

Question 20

John takes a reading test and is then placed in the slow-reading class. This is an example of the use of the

A) bureaucratic system.
B) three-tier system.
C) tracking system.
D) teacherʹs intuition.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the fundamentalist revival?

A) opposition to many recent social changes
B) the aggressive use of television to enlist and keep members
C) their commitment to the Civil Rights and Womenʹs Movement
D) their appeal to the casualties of a fast-changing and the high-tech society

Question 22

Weber disagreed with Marxʹs emphasis on material conditions and argued that religion

A) was not solely a phenomenon of capitalist societies.
B) was no longer needed in capitalist societies.
C) could influence the economic structure and change society.
D) had little to do with the development of capitalism.

Question 23

Research suggests that men and women ministers

A) have the same ministry styles.
B) have the same philosophies.
C) have different ministry styles related to empowering the members of their congregation.
D) have the same ministry styles related to empowering the members of their congregation.

Question 24

One reason why some children do better with home schooling than attending school is because they

A) can practice social skills better at home.
B) save money by not attending a formal school.
C) would be exposed to an anti-social environment at the school.
D) avoid the youth culture, which is basically anti-intellectual.

Question 25

According to functionalists, religion strengthens oneʹs conformity to societyʹs rules by encouraging cooperative behavior and

A) equating certain laws of society with ʺGodʹsʺ laws.
B) bending societyʹs laws to fit ʺGodʹsʺ laws.
C) violation of bad laws.
D) teaching that all laws are sacred.

Question 26

are the ethnic group with the highest educational achievement.

A) Native Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) African Americans
D) Hispanic Americans

Question 27

According to Durkheim, the ʺsacredʺ is the symbolic representation of society. Therefore, Durkheim would suggest that

A) by worshipping God, we are in actuality, worshipping society.
B) belief in the sacred is not religious.
C) that society is, in and of itself, a religion.
D) by worshipping society, we are all religious.

Question 28

Helen has a very strong belief in God, and expresses her faith in emotional ways. However, she does not participate in formal religious activity very often. She is most likely a member of the class.

A) upper
B) upper middle
C) working
D) lower

Question 29

New Agers beliefs are focused

A) on developing a new philosophy.
B) on organizing a new world religion.
C) on certain social classes in the United States.
D) on transforming themselves not the world.

Question 30

Bishop Tutu and other church leaders played an important role in blacksʹ struggle against South Africaʹs white racist government. This is an example of the function of religion.

A) identity
B) social control
C) supportive
D) prophetic

Question 31

Religion serves a positive function by

A) providing consolation and relief from fear and anxiety.
B) providing relief from social conformity.
C) focusing on individual rather than group needs.
D) inhibiting social change.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about the current state of African American education is true?

A) Some parents fear that forced integration can result in the loss of African American identity and community.
B) Most African American college students attend black colleges.
C) The court-ordered busing program begun in 1954 has been very successful.
D) When black college students attend predominately white schools they have successful relationships with white students.

Question 33

Karl Marx believed that the dominant religion in a society

A) represented the values of the lower class.
B) represented the interests of the ruling class.
C) represented the interest of the government.
D) represented the ʺsacred.ʺ

Question 34

Which of the following is the Protestant belief that supported the development of capitalism?

A) Work hard and accumulate wealth for prestige and status.
B) Work hard in order to be able to afford luxuries.
C) Spend only what you earn, earn only what you spend.
D) Work hard to accumulate wealth and gain heavenly rewards.

Question 35

The diversity of religions in the U.S. also represents differences in all of the following social characteristics EXCEPT

A) social class.
B) marital status.
C) age.
D) gender.

Question 36

Paradoxically, when a religion is too successful in carrying out its positive functions, it may become

A) more functional.
B) more nationalistic.
C) obsolete.
D) a negative force.

Question 37

The clash between Islamic values and American culture may result in

A) a perversion of the Islamic faith.
B) a reformation of American culture.
C) a distinctive American brand of Islam.
D) the withdrawal of the Islamic religion from America.

Question 38

While Hispanics and African Americans choose traditional religions and view their churches as community centers, Native Americans

A) do not have religious affiliations.
B) view traditional religion as crude and tend to shun organized worship.
C) believe in many gods.
D) view church as confining.

Question 39

When the local factory closed, Ted lost his job. Even though he is fifty, he decided to acquire new skills. Which of the following new types of education might help him most?

A) a compensatory education program at a local high school
B) a continuing education program at a local community college
C) a four-year college program at a local university
D) a correspondence course from a local job-training institute

Question 40

When sociologists study religious beliefs, they most likely

A) approach it as a social institution.
B) place their own religious beliefs at the center of their work.
C) must first rid themselves of all religious beliefs.
D) accept the religious beliefs of the people under study.

Question 41

A major function of schools is to teach children only the truth about their country.

Question 42

Critics of the new religious movement, the Promise Keepers, are concerned that this movement is a

A) form of a cult.
B) danger to gay rights.
C) danger to womenʹs rights and independence.
D) danger to conservative religions.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about churches and sects is true?

A) Churches and sects confront problems in the same way.
B) Sects tend to be well established and integrated into the society.
C) Churches compromise with society while sects confront it.
D) Churches are short-lived while sects are long-lasting.

Question 44

Civil religion is in fact a combination of

A) religion and sociology.
B) sociology and politics.
C) religion and politics.
D) law and social convention.

Question 45

According to the text, acting as a source of social change, religion may perform a prophetic function.

Question 46

Educational attainment is lower among Hispanic Americans than among most other groups.

Question 47

Karl Marx presented his functionalist view of religion in the book The Elementary Forms of Religious Life.

Question 48

For over 100 years, Native American children were subjected to forced assimilation into the European American culture.

Question 49

Religion often performs a supportive function by providing consolation, reconciliation and relief from anxiety.

Question 50

Helen belonged to a cult that believed one supernatural woman ruled the earth. Her religion should be described as

A) unethical.
B) theistic.
C) animistic.
D) profane.

Question 51

In animistic religions, the has the power to communicate with a spirit.

A) Tao
B) shaman
C) priest
D) totem

Question 52

It is beneficial to society for the faithful to identify as strongly as possible with their religion.

Question 53

Among the Western nations the United States is considered to be the most religious. The reason for this religiosity, according to researchers, are all of the following EXCEPT

A) the population is more diverse than other Western nations.
B) Americans use religion to distinguish themselves from other members of other groups.
C) Americans have suffered great adversity and seek solace in religion.
D) the insurgence of immigrants from third world countries.

Question 54

A religion that becomes too institutionalized runs the risk of

A) losing a sense of administrative order.
B) forbidding members to worship religious symbols.
C) losing power in its society.
D) oversimplifying its teachings.

Question 55

Japanese schools are so much better than American schools that U.S. society would benefit if its educators emulated the Japanese.

Question 56

Buddhism and Taoism, which focus on moral principles, are religions.

A) animistic
B) theistic
C) shamanistic
D) ethical

Question 57

According to the key tenet of the conflict perspective, we tend to behave in accordance with how we think others see us.

Question 58

Conflict theorist see Americanization as a threat to the cultural heritages of minorities.

Question 59

The United States

A) does not support religions in any direct or indirect way.
B) favors Christianity above all other religions.
C) has complete separation of church and state.
D) has no official or state religion.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a part of Americaʹs civil religion?

A) faith in the American way of life
B) an extreme devotion to the civic leader
C) a set of symbols, rituals, and scriptures
D) a general, vague belief in God

Question 61

Religion performs a n) function when it provides consolation and relief from anxiety or fear.

Question 62

Animism is the belief in one god.

Question 63

is a relatively small religious group that sets itself apart from society and makes heavy demands on its members.

Question 64

Two major characteristics of New Age beliefs include reincarnation and

Question 65

is the belief in one god.

Question 66

School programs that are intended to improve academic performance of socially and academically disadvantaged children are called education.

Question 67

The most basic function of education is to provide a new generation with the and skills necessary to maintain society.

Question 68

Tracking is the system of sorting students into different groups according to past academic achievement.

Question 69

A cult is a religious group that professes a new belief system, rejects society and consists of members with extreme devotion to their leader.

Question 70

Functionalists argue that schools serve to reduce social inequality while conflict theorists argue that schools inequality.

Question 71

Two major characteristics of New Age beliefs include reincarnation and .

Question 72

is the type of religion that centers on the worship of a god or gods.

Question 73

One of the criticisms of the voucher system is that white parents will choose schools based on
.

Question 74

When religion and politics combine to create a set of beliefs, symbols, and rituals that sanctify the dominant values of society, an) has emerged.

Question 75

Karl Marx said that religion was the of the masses.

Question 76

The knowledge and intellectual skills learned in school can be translated into good jobs and money.

Question 77

is the belief in more than one god.

Question 78

According to the text, there has been phenomenal growth in the number of children who receive their formal education at home.

Question 79

TK is fifty years old and is attending college for the second time to upgrade her skills. She is an example of learning program.

Question 80

According to the perspective, education performs many functions for society.