Deck 12: Politics and the Economy

Question 1

When groups go through established governmental channels to compete and meet their own objectives, it is referred to as ______.

A) governmental institutionalization
B) politics
C) political science
D) the conflict hypothesis

Answer 1

B

Question 2

______ are states that are usually totalitarian and ruled either by a single individual or by a small group of people.

A) Monarchies
B) Dictatorships
C) Democracies
D) Oligarchies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The organization created after World War I to lead global efforts at peace is the ______.

A) World Congress
B) United Nations
C) Peace Corps
D) League of Nations

Answer 3

D

Question 4

______ is a political system in which people vote for their leaders and for legislation in some cases.

A) Capitalism
B) Dictatorship
C) Republic
D) Democracy

Question 5

The region with the lowest ranking on democratic human rights from around the world in 2015 is ______.

A) Europe
B) China
C) Middle East/North Africa
D) South Africa

Question 6

One strand of structural-functionalism focuses on ______, in which society has many different players who compete for access to political power.

A) group pluralism
B) power elites
C) citizens
D) elite pluralism

Question 7

Structural-functionalism answers the question, "Who rules America?" with ______.

A) the wealthy
B) pluralism
C) representatives
D) the president

Question 8

Elite pluralists take the position that ______.

A) voters make the final decisions as far as who represents them
B) political elites are not a diverse social body
C) there is no diversity of interests among the various political groups
D) the competition for votes ensures that no one group retains political power indefinitely

Question 9

Which one of the following is a criticism of democracies according to your text?

A) Voters are typically uninformed about political issues.
B) Liberal democracies don't extend enough rights.
C) Little diversity of thought exists.
D) Laws tend to be repressive.

Question 10

The national government in the United State is an example of a(n) ______ democracy.

A) representative
B) symbolic
C) emblematic
D) direct

Question 11

The ______ believe that America is ruled by pluralism, which refers to the fact that the United States is characterized by many powerful competing interest groups.

A) conflict theorists
B) interactionist theorists
C) structural/functionalist theorists
D) feminist theorists

Question 12

The United States considered Saddam Hussein a(n) ______ of Iraq.

A) ruler
B) president
C) dictator
D) authority

Question 13

Democracies tend to extend rights to ______, or the people represented by a given state.

A) subjects
B) noncitizens
C) citizens
D) cliques

Question 14

A problem with power elite theory according to your text is ______.

A) it does not explain how the elites come to power
B) it assumes that elites share a common worldview
C) it does not explain how people come to elect certain types of elite to office
D) it is unclear and vague in its explanation

Question 15

The power elite theory states that power is ______.

A) concentrated in a small number of people who control the major institutions of the state
B) dispersed throughout a stable society
C) concentrated in the hands of the people rather than of the elite
D) concentrated in the hands of those in government

Question 16

Democracies are typically organized into ______ with clear hierarchies and written laws.

A) constitutional systems
B) nation-states
C) bureaucracies
D) census tracts

Question 17

The dictatorships discussed in your text all had a(n) ______ in which political life and the public sphere centered on men.

A) organizational structure
B) patriarchal structure
C) cult of masculinity
D) center of masculinity

Question 18

Which sociologist created the power elite theory?

A) Karl Marx
B) C. Wright Mills
C) William Julius Wilson
D) Max Weber

Question 19

John has the right to vote for representatives, and responsibilities, such as paying taxes, that come with being a(n) ______ in the United States.

A) veteran
B) immigrant
C) citizen
D) democrat

Question 20

When the power to rule comes from the consent of the people, which is translated through elected officials, it is called ______.

A) national democracy
B) representative democracy
C) direct democracy
D) representative republic

Question 21

The global political organization that promotes peaceful conflict resolution and has endured since World War II is the ______.

A) World Congress
B) United Nations
C) Peace Corps
D) League of Nations

Question 22

A decline in U.S. labor unions began in the ______.

A) 1960s
B) 1980s
C) 1950s
D) 1920s

Question 23

Many manufacturing plants in the Northeast, since the 1960s, have closed and many lost their jobs. This is an example of ______.

A) deinstitutionalization
B) outsourcing
C) deindustrialization
D) enterprise reduction

Question 24

The group Boko Haram killed people and kidnapped girls from a school in Nigeria. This is considered ______.

A) terrorism
B) globalization
C) insurgent war
D) legitimate violence

Question 25

The Industrial Revolution was ______ in nature from the time of its inception.

A) communist
B) socialist
C) capitalist
D) economical

Question 26

The ______ is the social system involved in the production and distribution of goods.

A) government
B) political system
C) economy
D) regime

Question 27

Political relationships that involve geographic areas, including the globe as a whole, are referred to as ______.

A) self-interest politics
B) urbanized politics
C) geopolitics
D) egotism politics

Question 28

A characteristic of a communistic system is ______.

A) the collective ownership of the means of production
B) the private ownership of the means of production
C) maximization of profit
D) division of social classes

Question 29

John and his family now live in the United States after living in Germany for most of their lives. They still see themselves as Germans and part of that country. They are part of a(n) ______.

A) real community
B) invisible nation
C) imagined community
D) disperse community

Question 30

When you buy furniture at IKEA and put it together yourself, you are acting as a ______.

A) capitalist
B) prosumer
C) consumer
D) producer

Question 31

Which country continues to see itself as a communist society today?

A) China
B) United States
C) Russia
D) England

Question 32

When a few companies come to dominate the market, this is referred to as ______.

A) dominant capitalism
B) monopoly capitalism
C) conglomerate capitalism
D) welfare capitalism

Question 33

Fordism, which refers to the mass production of homogeneous products, dominated much of the ______ American automobile industry.

A) eighteenth-century
B) nineteenth-century
C) twentieth-century
D) twenty-first-century

Question 34

Which one of the following is NOT a factor about why deindustrialization occurred?

A) Technology is aging in many American industries.
B) Automated technologies have become inefficient.
C) Businesses have become reliant on antiquated technologies.
D) Globalization has expanded.

Question 35

Automobile factories and manufacturing plants are examples of ______ industries.

A) bureaucratic
B) bulk-production
C) mass production
D) structural

Question 36

A ______ seeks to operate economic markets efficiently but also equitably.

A) socialist state
B) communist state
C) welfare state
D) capitalist state

Question 37

When nongovernmental actors engage in acts of violence targeting noncombatants or private property, they are called ______.

A) criminals
B) terrorists
C) warriors
D) civilian-soldiers

Question 38

In Germany and France, people share similar cultural, religious, ethnic, and linguistic characteristics. Germany and France are considered ______.

A) federations
B) nations
C) city-states
D) body politics

Question 39

The key development in the emergence of the modern economy was ______.

A) the Industrial Revolution.
B) the Agricultural Revolution.
C) the Postindustrial Revolution.
D) the Progressive Revolution.

Question 40

Post-Fordism is associated with ______ when compared to Fordism.

A) smaller production runs
B) larger production runs
C) more generic products
D) more reliance on economies of scale

Question 41

Nation-states are affected by globalization in various ways, including the fact that government itself must change to adjust to global changes.

Question 42

The United States has always offered universal citizenship.

Question 43

A characteristic of ______ is that money is increasingly liquid and flows around the world quite readily.

A) microfinance
B) liquid finance
C) macrofinance
D) small finance

Question 44

One of the factors that worsened the international financial situation during the euro crisis was ______.

A) the difficulty in importing food and consumer goods
B) the difficulty in borrowing money to keep economies functioning
C) the difficulty of traveling past international borders
D) the increase in war around the globe

Question 45

Sociologist ______ focused on the problems that long-term unemployment creates for black Americans.

A) Karl Marx
B) William Julius Wilson
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Auguste Comte

Question 46

Cohort pluralism focuses on the balance of power, where no one group retains power indefinitely.

Question 47

A postindustrial society is one where the focus is on service work rather than manufacturing of goods.

Question 48

The decline of manufacturing plants in the United States is referred to as outsourcing.

Question 49

After World War II, much of geopolitics focused on the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Question 50

Capitalism today can be characterized as producer capitalism.

Question 51

William Julius Wilson is a sociologist who focuses on the problems that long-term unemployment creates for black Americans.

Question 52

The global recession was in part set off by problems related to financial markets, which were ______.

A) affected by bad international investments
B) largely deregulated
C) driven by U.S. consumer debt
D) due to problems with the use of the euro as common currency

Question 53

The goal of welfare states is to provide for the well-being of its citizens, such as national health plans and old-age plans.

Question 54

People in ______ retain a collective and idealized memory of the homeland that they transmit to their offspring as well as to other members of the diaspora.

A) diasporas
B) global communities
C) imagined communities
D) geocities

Question 55

Karl Marx is the founder of the power elite theory, which states that power is concentrated in a small number of people who control the major institutions of the state.

Question 56

A ______ is a society that has transitioned from manufacture of goods to service work.

A) postindustrial society
B) socialist society
C) competitive capitalist society
D) transnational capitalist society

Question 57

______ refers to a large group of people who are marginally attached to the workforce.

A) Overemployed workers
B) Frustrated workers
C) Demoralized workers
D) Discouraged workers

Question 58

The United States has sponsored dictatorships in other countries.

Question 59

The state can be defined as a political body that is organized for government and civil rule.

Question 60

Many people live in mansions and have two or three vehicles, yet they don't have the money to pay the mortgage and car payments. This is an example of hypo consumption.

Question 61

Discuss the differences between communism and socialism.

Question 62

In what ways is money considered liquid?

Question 63

Is leisure time affected by social class? In what ways?

Question 64

Closely related to deindustrialization was the increase in labor unions.

Question 65

The American automobile industry is an example of competitive capitalism.

Question 66

A prosumer can either produce or consume, but they cannot do so at the same time.

Question 67

Define the term democracy and discuss the differences between a representative and direct democracy. Include in your discussion the terms citizens and citizenship.

Question 68

Who rules the United States according to the structural-functional and conflict perspectives? Include in your discussion the power elite theory and elite pluralism in your response. Include one criticism of each perspective.

Question 69

Postmodern consumption is thought of as consumerism.

Question 70

Microfinance is a result of globalization.

Question 71

Define and give examples of the terms unemployment, underemployment, and discouraged workers.

Question 72

Discuss the concept of Fordism. When did this emerge and why? Name at least two characteristics of Fordism.

Question 73

Briefly describe two different types of capitalism.

Question 74

Define the term deindustrialization and discuss two factors that are responsible for deindustrialization in the United States.

Question 75

Deindustrialization has created a culture of insecurity.

Question 76

Unemployment insurance is a form of welfare.

Question 77

Discuss the characteristics of a postmodern society. Include in your response what is meant by the terms consumerism, hyperconsumption, and hyperdebt.