Deck 3: Culture

Question 1

Avery uses her smartphone to cheat on a final exam. She is violating which type of norm?

A) more
B) folkway
C) taboo
D) sanction

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Rather than pay attention during class, Sue uses her laptop to look at Facebook. Sue has violated a ______.

A) folkway
B) law
C) taboo
D) more

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Jim is a journalist who receives a raise because of his outstanding news stories in the past year. Jim's raise is an example of a(n) ______.

A) negative sanction
B) positive sanction
C) economic sanction
D) workplace norm

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Tangible forms of culture are also referred to as ______.

A) cargo culture
B) consumerism
C) material culture
D) literate culture

Question 5

Joan, a college student, receives an F in her chemistry class because she performed poorly on exams and missed class on a regular basis. Her grade is an example of a(n) ______.

A) informal sanction
B) negative folkway
C) reinforcement norm
D) negative sanction

Question 6

What is the relationship between language and culture?

A) Language is influenced by culture.
B) Language allows culture to develop.
C) Oral traditions are most effective at developing a distinct culture.
D) Language reflects general cultural viewpoints.

Question 7

The Shamrock, Claddagh rings, and certain types of clothing are all part of the ______, which originated in Ireland.

A) substantial culture
B) linguistic culture
C) secular culture
D) material culture

Question 8

BMW is a brand of automobile that is associated with speed and luxury, while Volvo is associated with a great safety record. What does this tell us about culture?

A) Material, cultural objects derive meaning from the way they are categorized, relative to other objects in the same category.
B) Material culture and symbolic culture are distinct and separate.
C) There is a clear line between material and nonmaterial culture.
D) Material culture is highly individualized.

Question 9

John sprawls out in his middle airplane seat, hogging the armrests on either side in an attempt to keep the row to himself. He is violating which type of norm?

A) more
B) folkway
C) taboo
D) law

Question 10

Sue has had an excellent driving record for three years, so she received a 30 percent discount on her auto insurance. This discount is an example of a(n) ______.

A) negative sanction
B) neutral sanction
C) positive sanction
D) external sanction

Question 11

Aspects of culture that exist in intangible forms, such as norms and values, are called ______.

A) material culture
B) informal culture
C) real culture
D) symbolic culture

Question 12

Joe, a second grader, calls out the answer to a math problem without first, raising his hand. He has violated a ______.

A) taboo
B) more
C) folkway
D) law

Question 13

Today, retirement has changed considerably. The baby boomer generation is large, and overall, people are living longer than the generations before them. Retirement has changed because of ______ changes to U.S. culture.

A) internal
B) external
C) absolute
D) proportional

Question 14

Freedom of expression, democracy, and the importance of family are examples of ______ in U.S. culture.

A) sanctions
B) values
C) mores
D) folkways

Question 15

______ allow(s) a group of people or a society to carry out their collective lives in relative order and harmony.

A) Culture
B) Social norms
C) Technology
D) Evolution

Question 16

Sanctions may apply when norms are ______, as well as when they are ______.

A) discussed; rebuked
B) local; foreign
C) institutionalized; deinstitutionalized
D) followed; violated

Question 17

The United States values equality, which represents ______. Despite this, racism, sexism, and ageism are still prevalent, which represents ______.

A) real culture; ideal culture
B) symbolic culture; negative culture
C) material culture; real culture
D) ideal culture; real culture

Question 18

U.S. millennials live at home longer than young adults have in past generations, which is partially due to an increase in student loan debt. Increasing costs of higher education is an example of a(n) ______ change affecting U.S. culture.

A) external
B) internal
C) bilateral
D) folkway

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of culture based on George Ritzer's text?

A) Differences exist within cultures and between cultures.
B) Cultures are easy to understand because all cultures share the same symbols.
C) Culture tends to remain the same over time.
D) Culture is rarely affected by changes internal to the group.

Question 20

A formal norm can also be classified as a(n) ______.

A) folkway
B) law
C) value
D) idea

Question 21

In recent years, many minority groups have grown impatient with dominant culture, and have asserted their right not to assimilate. This is an example of ______.

A) cultural diffusion
B) subculture wars
C) multiculturalism
D) identity politics

Question 22

If you are using your own cultural standards to judge the standards and/or norms of a foreign culture, you may be operating under ______.

A) cultural relativism
B) cultural confusion
C) cultural diffusion
D) ethnocentrism

Question 23

Recently, Democrats and Republicans have battled over balancing the budget and health care reform, with each side believing that their agenda is the best. This struggle between the two political parties is an example of ______.

A) cultural relativism
B) identity politics
C) culture war
D) subculture war

Question 24

When the United States legalized gay marriage, many people celebrated while others opposed the law, citing that marriage should only occur between men and women. The struggle between these two groups is an example of a(n) ______.

A) counterculture crusade
B) culture war
C) multicultural mismatch
D) ideology

Question 25

The presence of Starbucks coffee stores in foreign countries is an example of ______.

A) symbolic culture
B) stratification
C) Americanization
D) globalization

Question 26

Some Iraqis have been resistant to a democratic government, which was imposed on them by the United States. This imposition may be considered a form of ______.

A) culture war
B) cultural imperialism
C) cultural relativism
D) global culture

Question 27

McDonald's sells foods such as McChicken Korma Naan, which cater to those in Great Britain who have developed a taste for Indian food. This is an example of _____.

A) subculture
B) counterculture
C) hybridization
D) multiculturalism

Question 28

Many corporations strive to treat their employees as equal, regardless of gender and race. This is an example of ______ culture. Despite this, research informs us that women are more likely than men to fall victim to sexual harassment. This reflects ______ culture.

A) ideal; real
B) symbolic; material
C) symbolic; counter
D) ideal; material

Question 29

In India, there was a long tradition of professional letter writers, but they have become largely obsolete with the entry of the cell phone and other elements of Western culture. This is an example of ______.

A) culture jamming
B) cultural imperialism
C) cultural relativism
D) cultural diffusion

Question 30

Cults sometimes engage in practices (e.g., suicide or polygamy) that are in direct opposition to U.S. cultural values. Considering this, cults may be defined as a ______.

A) subculture
B) reference group
C) counterculture
D) material culture

Question 31

Elementary school students learn about different cultural practices and about the traditions of various societies around the world. This reflects the concept of ______.

A) neocolonialism
B) nationalism
C) multiculturalism
D) colonialism

Question 32

John believes that democracy is the best form of government and that every country should follow suit and create a democratic system. Based on his viewpoint, John could be described as ______.

A) ethnocentric
B) multicultural
C) pessimistic
D) a cultural relativist

Question 33

Those in Western countries should not judge Islamic women's use of headscarves, while those in the Islamic world should not judge Western women who bare their midriffs. This is an example of ______.

A) negative sanctions
B) ethnocentrism
C) imperialism
D) cultural relativism

Question 34

Avid users of Apple products who identify with a community of other Mac users belong to a(n) ______.

A) counterculture
B) subculture
C) global culture
D) imperial culture

Question 35

Bullfighting is seen as a barbaric sport by many Americans, but many Mexicans may see it as an important part of their history. Understanding this sport from the viewpoint of Mexicans, instead of the viewpoint of Americans, would be an example of practicing ______.

A) cultural diffusion
B) ethnocentrism
C) cultural relativism
D) cultural displacement

Question 36

In a recent study of school children in China, many had images of Mickey Mouse on their backpacks and lunch boxes. This reflects the process of ______.

A) bureaucratization
B) Americanization
C) rationalization
D) counterculturalism

Question 37

Many immigrants from Asian countries come to the United States hoping for better educational and employment opportunities. Many of these immigrants already speak English, which has helped them ______ into U.S. society.

A) amalgamate
B) segregate
C) assimilate
D) enculturate

Question 38

______ refers to understanding why cultural practices take place in certain societies.

A) Cultural lag
B) Cultural diffusion
C) Cultural relativism
D) Ethnocentrism

Question 39

The National Organization for Women and the Hispanic American Organization are examples of groups working for the rights of minorities. These organizations are engaged in ______.

A) ethnocentrism
B) identity politics
C) counterculturalism
D) Americanization

Question 40

Americanization is a type of cultural ______.

A) imperialism
B) consumerism
C) industrialization
D) socialization

Question 41

Shows such as My Super Sweet 16 showcase lavish birthday parties that are given for children who are turning 16 years old. The show often ends with these children receiving luxury automobiles as a birthday present. This show is about ______.

A) Americanization
B) conspicuous consumption
C) global culture
D) cultural imperialism

Question 42

Oral communication in relation to cultural development is considered more effective than written communication.

Question 43

Today, millions of people have joined social media sites, such as Facebook. These sites have norms, and specific rules are enforced. This is an example of ______.

A) consumer culture
B) cyberculture
C) cultural imperialism
D) postconsumer culture

Question 44

Stealing is an example of a folkway violation.

Question 45

"Tommy Sheep" is a spoof of a Tommy Hilfiger ad, with sheep (presumably representing the conformists who buy such clothing) pictured in front of a huge American flag. This is an example of ______.

A) commodification
B) self-expression
C) culture jamming
D) capitalism

Question 46

Every year, Americans spend billions of dollars on Christmas presents. Stores that sell Christmas merchandise are found in almost every U.S. city. This reflects the fact that the United States is a(n) ______.

A) bureaucracy
B) consumer culture
C) manufactured society
D) ideal culture

Question 47

An example of a folkway violation would be driving 70 mph in a 50-mph zone.

Question 48

Which of these is the most controversial aspect of consumer culture?

A) the escalation of culture wars
B) the expansion of multiculturalism
C) the increase in Americanization
D) the direct marketing of consumer items to children

Question 49

Which of the following is a sign that we are entering a postconsumer culture?

A) Fewer reality television shows focus on consumption.
B) There is a decrease in the amount of money people are spending online.
C) The housing market has rebounded.
D) People are participating more and more in the sharing economy.

Question 50

We are still working out the "cultural rules" of cell phone use.

Question 51

Children have become active participants of consumer culture. To perpetuate consumer culture, children must be actively ______.

A) socialized
B) institutionalized
C) assimilated
D) informed

Question 52

What are organized groups that actively seek to subvert aspects of consumer culture engaging in?

A) culture relativism
B) culture lag
C) culture diffusion
D) culture jamming

Question 53

Examples of subcultures are gamers and cartoonists.

Question 54

Advertisements for products can now be found in newspaper circulars, internet ads, and television commercials. This reflects how the United States is a(n) ______.

A) bureaucracy
B) consumer culture
C) mass culture
D) elite society

Question 55

Not every group and/or society has a culture.

Question 56

Rather than lavish displays of wealth, some members of the upper class may wear inexpensive clothes and drive economy cars. This may be referred to as ______.

A) anti-Americanization
B) inconspicuous consumption
C) culture jamming
D) postconsumer culture

Question 57

Laws are considered the broadest element of culture.

Question 58

Examples of material culture include language, values, and norms.

Question 59

Wearing your clothes inside out is a violation of a cultural more.

Question 60

The American values of freedom and individualism are influenced by forms of material culture that allow people to live in individualistic ways.

Question 61

Cultural imperialism tends to create local culture.

Question 62

What are the main differences between subcultures and countercultures? Please provide examples of each.

Question 63

Disagreements between countercultural groups and dominant cultural groups may result in a culture war.

Question 64

Skateboarders constitute a subculture because they have certain cultural differences (in language, dress, values) that set them apart from other groups in society. What is another example of a subculture in the United States, and what elements of this culture (both material and symbolic) make it unique?

Question 65

What is culture jamming? Provide one example of culture jamming. What message did the example "jam"? More generally, what do those involved in this practice hope to accomplish?

Question 66

European cultures are considered less multicultural now than they were several decades ago.

Question 67

Cultural relativism refers to the notion that components of symbolic culture lag behind the components of material culture.

Question 68

For special interest groups to push political agendas, they must first establish a collective identity.

Question 69

The concept that mothers must be completely devoted to their children is an example of ideal U.S. cultural beliefs.

Question 70

Cultural relativism refers to the spreading of cultural characteristics from one culture to another.

Question 71

Select a brand that has spread globally, such as Starbucks, Coca-Cola, or McDonald's. Define cultural imperialism and Americanization, and use your chosen brand to discuss these processes. What are some ways that local cultures push back against the globalization of American brands?

Question 72

Social networking websites such as Facebook and Instagram have certain norms attached to them. Name one social networking website and three types of netiquettes associated with them.

Question 73

Define material culture and symbolic culture. Provide one example of a cultural object, and explain this object in terms of both material and symbolic culture.

Question 74

Explain the term consumer culture and explore its rise and negative effects. Why does the author suggest we might be in a postconsumer culture?

Question 75

It is often very simple to impose values, such as democracy, on a society where it does not already exist.

Question 76

Sociologist Juliet Schor has critiqued American culture's emphasis on "work and spend." To combat this, Schor advocates for voluntary simplicity. What is voluntary simplicity? What does voluntary simplicity result in?

Question 77

Ethnocentrism refers to understanding a culture from the eyes of the people who live there.

Question 78

If you were born in the 1990s, you are considered part of the millennial generation. As a member of society, you also belong to various cultures and subcultures. Describe at least two cultures and at least two subcultures that you belong to.

Question 79

Someone who begins fighting with fellow passengers on a train for no apparent reason may be violating social mores.

Question 80

Discuss two elements of a cyberculture. Name two values and two norms associated with it and what created these values and norms.