Deck 5: Adlerian Therapy

Question 1

Which of the following aspects is not assessed when exploring a client's family constellation?

A) Birth order
B) Interactions between siblings and parents
C) The relationship between the parents and the paediatrician
D) The child's psychological position in the family

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Adler taught that we must successfully master three universal life tasks. Which of the following is not one of these tasks?

A) Building friendships
B) Establishing intimacy
C) Contributing to society
D) Enhancing wellness

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Adlerians view the use of techniques in counselling as:

A) fitted to the phase of therapy and the needs of the client.
B) more important than paying attention to the subjective experiences of the client.
C) against their basic philosophy.
D) unethical.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not true about Alfred Adler?

A) He created child guidance clinics.
B) His early childhood was happy.
C) He worked with Freud for at least eight years.
D) He had much to say about child-rearing practices.

Question 5

is often described as our perceptions regarding self, others, and the world, and includes the connecting themes and rules of interaction that give meaning to our actions.

A) Striving for significance and superiority
B) Fictional finalism
C) Lifestyle
D) Holistic concept

Question 6

The social interest and community feeling refer to:

A) an individual's attitude in dealing with their past.
B) a sense of identification with others without empathy.
C) individuals' striving for a better future for only themself.
D) individuals' awareness of being part of the human community and to individuals' attitudes in dealing with the social world.

Question 7

In helping clients to examine their mistaken goals and faulty assumptions, an Adlerian therapist does not use:

A) encouragement.
B) challenge and confrontation.
C) open-ended interpretations.
D) interpretation of the transference relationship.

Question 8

Adlerian therapy has a phenomenological orientation. Thus, the therapist attempts to view the world from:

A) an objective frame of reference.
B) his or her own subjective frame of reference.
C) the client's frame of reference.
D) the frame of reference of a particular theory.

Question 9

Dr Gumede told Emily that her efforts to overcome her fear of writing tests at school will probably lead her to outperform all of her classmates one day. This intervention was:

A) appropriate because it was intended to bolster Emily's self-esteem and academic self-concept.
B) inappropriate because Dr Gumede was confusing Adler's notion of superiority with the idea that her client would become superior over others.
C) not only unethical, but illegal too.
D) inappropriate because Emily will never be able to outperform her classmates.

Question 10

All of the following are stages in Adlerian counselling except:

A) reorientation.
B) insight.
C) establishing a therapeutic relationship.
D) analysis of resistance.

Question 11

According to Adlerians, inferiority feelings:

A) are pathological.
B) lead to depression.
C) keep us from achieving our life goals.
D) create motivation to achieve mastery.

Question 12

When Adler spoke of individuality, he referred to the unique way we:

A) rewrite our own life script.
B) deal with the crises of our development.
C) confront our unfinished business.
D) develop our own style of striving for competence.

Question 13

Which of the following techniques is not used in Adlerian family counselling?

A) Immediacy
B) Paradoxical intention
C) Analysing resistances between members of the family
D) The push-button technique

Question 14

Dr Tshabalala pointed out to her client Mlungisi that his feelings of inadequacy at work seem similar to the feelings he experienced in his family of origin. It is probable that Dr Tshabalala was:

A) crossing theoretical boundaries by referring to Mlungisi's past.
B) looking for continuity by paying attention to themes running through Mlungisi's life.
C) trying to get Mlungisi to tap into the unconscious realm by having him explore painful memories related to his family of origin.
D) hoping her intervention would promote transference, which could then be worked through.

Question 15

'Fictional finalism' is an Adlerian term meaning:

A) the unrealistic ideas that we have about the way life should be.
B) our strict adherence to certain beliefs that are not based on reality.
C) an imagined central goal that guides our behaviour.
D) our stubborn resistance to change.

Question 16

The statement 'Only when I am perfect can I be secure' is an example of:

A) a guiding self-ideal.
B) something a personality disordered individual would say.
C) a realistic goal.
D) retroflection.

Question 17

An Adlerian therapist asks for the client's earliest recollections in order to:

A) provide a point of departure for the therapeutic venture.
B) reveal their past and reintroduce the client to the pain and heartbreak of their basic mistakes.
C) give clues as to the best way to steer the client to develop in a more positive way.
D) gain a better understanding of what memories to not process during therapy.

Question 18

The purpose of examining a client's family constellation is to:

A) get a picture of the individual's early social world.
B) bring unconscious factors to the surface.
C) discover inherited aspects of the client's behaviour.
D) determine who else in the family needs help.

Question 19

Which of the statements below about social interest is true?

A) While Adler considered social interest to be innate, he also believed that it must be learned, developed, and used.
B) Adler believed most people to be incapable of developing social interest even though it was something to which they should aspire.
C) In his later years, Adler changed his beliefs about social interest and focused on addressing unconscious dynamics as the key to mental health.
D) The concept of social interest was originally introduced by Freud, and Adler incorporated it into his theory.

Question 20

The process of encouragement in Adlerian counselling includes all of the following except:

A) helping clients focus on their resources and strengths.
B) helping clients become aware of their assets and strengths rather than dealing continually with their deficits and liabilities.
C) helping clients recognise or accept their positive qualities.
D) helping clients understand their liabilities and weaknesses and process them in detail.

Question 21

Adler chose the name for his theoretical approach because it is based on a growth model.

A) Individual Psychology
B) Community Psychology
C) Ego Psychology
D) Id Psychology

Question 22

Adlerian therapists strive to establish and maintain:

A) an equal therapeutic alliance and a person-to-person relationship with their clients.
B) a legalistic therapeutic alliance and a person-to-person relationship with their clients.
C) an equal therapeutic alliance without a person-to-person relationship with their clients.
D) a legalistic therapeutic alliance without a person-to-person relationship with their clients.

Question 23

Which of these statements is not true about Alfred Adler?

A) Along with Freud and Jung, Alfred Adler was a major contributor to the initial development of the psychodynamic approach to therapy.
B) After resigning as president of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, Adler founded the Society for Individual Psychology.
C) Alfred Adler has been criticised by intellectuals for failing to give his brother Edmund credit for helping him develop his theory.
D) Adler stresses the unity of personality, suggesting that people can only be understood as integrated and complete beings.

Question 24

Which of the following would an Adlerian therapist particularly value?

A) Interpretation of dreams
B) Confronting the ways the client is living dependently since early childhood
C) Modeling of communication and acting in good faith
D) Helping the client to work through the transference neurosis

Question 25

Which of the following is not true about the Adlerian concept of 'private logic'?

A) It is a result of the feelings and emotions we experience in our daily lives.
B) It provides a central psychological unity for us.
C) It is the philosophy upon which we base our lifestyle.
D) It often does not conform to the reality of social living.

Question 26

Which child is most likely to demand centre stage, tends to have difficulties in life when he or she is no longer the centre of attention, and is likely to become dependently tied to the mother?

A) Oldest child
B) Second child
C) Middle child
D) Only child

Question 27

All of the following are characteristics that form the basis for an integrative framework in brief therapy except:

A) time limitation.
B) focus.
C) the assignment of behavioural tasks.
D) counsellor indirectiveness.

Question 28

Individuals may believe that it is inappropriate to reveal:

A) family information.
B) personal information.
C) societal secrets.
D) cultural beliefs.

Question 29

During the reorientation and reeducation phase the most important intervention is:

A) change.
B) encouragement.
C) making a difference.
D) the push-button technique.

Question 30

Who is primarily credited with popularising and extending Adler's work by applying Adlerian principles to group work?

A) Don Dinkmeyer
B) Erik Erikson
C) H. L. Ansbacher
D) Rudolph Dreikurs

Question 31

One contribution of Adlerian therapy is that:

A) practitioners are given a great deal of freedom in working with their clients.
B) it offers a well-defined theory of personality.
C) many of its concepts have been supported by research.
D) it is a common-sense psychology.

Question 32

The sets forth the goals of the therapeutic process and specifies the responsibilities of both therapist and client.

A) early recollections
B) private logic
C) therapeutic contract
D) therapeutic goal

Question 33

The premise of Adlerian group work is that:

A) clients' problems are usually of a social nature.
B) early childhood disturbances are at the root of the client's current problems.
C) individuals are encouraged to become fully independent.
D) insight, not action, is needed for change.

Question 34

The Adlerian approach is well suited to multicultural counselling because the:

A) approach encourages clients to define themselves within their social context.
B) approach has few rigid techniques.
C) focus on early recollections allows clients to explore their past.
D) focus on a lifestyle assessment is appealing to most cultures.

Question 35

Which of the following did Adler not stress?

A) The unity of personality
B) Focus on early childhood experiences as determinants of later personality functioning
C) Behaviour is purposeful and goal-oriented
D) A unique style of life that is an expression of life goals

Question 36

All of the following are life tasks that Adler taught we must successfully master except:

A) building friendships.
B) establishing intimacy.
C) contributing to society.
D) achieving self-actualisation.

Question 37

Which child tends to feel squeezed out and may develop a conviction that life is unfair and a feeling of being cheated?

A) Oldest child
B) Second child
C) Middle child
D) Youngest child

Question 38

Adler pioneered the practice of teaching professionals through live demonstrations with parents and children before large audiences. This is now called:

A) 'open-forum' family counselling.
B) spectator therapy.
C) 'on stage' family therapy.
D) 'hot seat' family counselling.

Question 39

The client's core experience in Adlerian therapy consists of:

A) working through the transference relationship.
B) discovering their basic mistakes and then learning how to correct them.
C) understanding how their relationship with their parents has shaped their personality.
D) understanding how their birth order has determined the person who they are today.

Question 40

Adlerian psychology is a , holistic, optimistic, and socially embedded theory based on basic assumptions that have woven into various theories of counselling.

A) rational
B) phenomenological
C) specific
D) constructive

Question 41

For Adlerian counsellors, techniques are helpful when adapted to the needs of the client.

Question 42

Adlerians typically do not use techniques of interpretation, because they believe that clients can make their own interpretations without therapist intervention.

Question 43

'Fictional finalism' is a term that Adlerians use to describe our attitude in dealing with the social world.

Question 44

From the Adlerian perspective, objective reality is more important than how we interpret reality and the meanings we attach to what we experience.

Question 45

Adler maintained that individuals attempt to overcome feelings of basic inferiority by developing a lifestyle in which success is possible.

Question 46

Adlerian counselling focuses on the family constellation and the influence of the family on the individual.

Question 47

Adlerians have a teleological view of human nature.

Question 48

Clients are viewed by Adlerian therapists as 'sick' and in need of a cure.

Question 49

By discussing a client's earliest recollections, an Adlerian counsellor hopes to bring unconscious conflicts to the surface.

Question 50

Alfred Adler believed that genetics and heredity are not as important as what we choose to do with the abilities and limitations we possess.

Question 51

The concept of lifestyle refers to an individual's core beliefs and assumptions through which the person organises his or her reality and finds meaning in life events.

Question 52

Adler and Freud created very different theories, even though both men grew up in the same city in the same era and were educated as physicians at the same university.

Question 53

In Adler's view we can be fully understood only in light of knowing the purposes and goals toward which we are striving.

Question 54

Adlerians maintain that change is not possible without insight; understanding the causes of one's problems is required for behavioural change.

Question 55

Encouragement is a part of the Adlerian counselling process.

Question 56

One Adlerian concept is that everything we do is influenced by our style of life.

Question 57

Adler stressed that our desire to strive for perfection is learned from our parents.

Question 58

Adlerians maintain that the priorities we choose arise from our personality strengths.

Question 59

Adlerians emphasise reeducating people and reshaping society.

Question 60

Adlerian therapists pay careful focus to techniques and work in structured, set ways.

Question 61

Adlerian therapists realise that clients do not become discouraged and function effectively because of mistaken beliefs, faulty values, and useless or self-absorbed goals.

Question 62

The Adlerian approach to family counselling focuses on the family atmosphere.

Question 63

The Adlerian approach has a wide variety of applications including group and family therapy.

Question 64

It is easy to overestimate the contributions of Adler to contemporary therapeutic practice.

Question 65

The typical second child behaves as if she was in a race and is generally under full steam at all times.

Question 66

Adlerian views of birth order and family constellation are highly relevant to individuals from all cultural contexts.

Question 67

Adlerian therapists use a psychoeducational approach.

Question 68

Adlerian psychology is a phenomenological, holistic, optimistic, and socially embedded theory based on basic assumptions that have been woven into various theories of counselling.

Question 69

Adlerian therapists strive to establish and maintain an egalitarian therapeutic alliance and a person-to-person relationship with their clients.

Question 70

Research supporting the effectiveness of the Adlerian approach is limited.