Deck 15: Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Question 1

In the euglenoids, Rubisco and other enzymes involved in photosynthesis are located in the:

A)reservoir.
B)pellicle.
C)contractile vacuole.
D)paramylon.
E)pyrenoid.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following statements about protists is FALSE?

A)Some of the oldest fossil eukaryotes resembled protists.
B)They live mainly on land.
C)They exhibit zygotic, sporic, and gametic life cycles.
D)They include the slime molds.
E)Fungi, plants, and animals are derived from ancient protists.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements about cryptomonads is FALSE?

A)They are flagellates.
B)They are unicellular.
C)They live primarily in warm, surface waters.
D)They are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
E)They include autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In a coral reef, zooxanthellae:

A)form a nonsymbiotic association with the coral polyps.
B)produce glycerol instead of starch.
C)grow only at ocean depths greater than 60 meters.
D)do not photosynthesize.
E)are located on the outer surface of the coral polyps.

Question 5

Phytoplankton are:

A)heterotrophic.
B)exemplified by crustaceans.
C)one type of zooplankton.
D)organisms that are heavy enough to sink.
E)photosynthetic.

Question 6

Chrysophytes differ from diatoms in that chrysophytes:

A)have two flagella of unequal length.
B)contain the pigment fucoxanthin.
C)have chrysolaminarin as the carbohydrate food reserve.
D)may be unicellular or colonial.
E)have cell walls of cellulose or lack cell walls.

Question 7

The cell walls of diatoms are composed of:

A)silica.
B)cellulose.
C)peptidoglycan.
D)chitin.
E)calcium carbonate.

Question 8

Members of the class Xanthophyceae:

A)contain fucoxanthin.
B)store food reserves as oil.
C)are mostly motile.
D)lack chloroplasts.
E)have cell walls primarily of silica.

Question 9

The chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum is:

A)the innermost chloroplast membrane.
B)the space that contains a nucleomorph.
C)the outermost chloroplast membrane.
D)the space between the second and third chloroplast membranes.
E)the space that contains starch grains.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates is FALSE?

A)They have three or more flagella in grooves.
B)They have permanently condensed chromosomes.
C)Many have stiff cellulosic plates.
D)They are unicellular.
E)About half are photosynthetic.

Question 11

The storage polysaccharide in euglenoids is:

A)starch.
B)lipid.
C)glycogen.
D)paramylon.
E)pellicle.

Question 12

Vaucheria belongs to the class:

A)Bacillariophyceae
B)Chlorophyceae
C)Phaeophyceae
D)Chrysophyceae
E)Xanthophyceae

Question 13

Pennate diatoms:

A)lack frustrules.
B)have non-overlapping frustules.
C)have cell walls of peptidoglycan.
D)are radially symmetric.
E)are bilaterally symmetric.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about euglenoids is FALSE?

A)All are flagellates.
B)Some are heterotrophic.
C)Some are autotrophic.
D)Most have a cell wall.
E)Most are unicellular.

Question 15

A coccolith, found in haptophytes, is a(n):

A)membrane of the chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum.
B)stonelike outgrowth of the plasma membrane.
C)endosymbiotic bacterial cell.
D)calcified scale on the cell surface.
E)calcium-containing Golgi vesicle.

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning the stramenopiles is FALSE?

A)They are also known as heterokonts.
B)They have hairs on one of their flagella.
C)They are related to certain heterotrophic protists.
D)Their name means "straw hairs."
E)Their longer flagellum is ornamented with distinctive hairs.

Question 17

The food reserve in brown algae is:

A)floridean starch.
B)chrysolaminarin.
C)laminarin.
D)glycogen.
E)lipid.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about algal blooms is FALSE?

A)They are associated with water disturbed by humans.
B)They occur when algal growth is unchecked.
C)Some are known as brown tides.
D)The frequency of marine algal blooms has decreased globally.
E)They are often correlated with the release of toxic compounds.

Question 19

Diatoms belong to the class:

A)Chrysophyceae.
B)Bacillariophyceae.
C)Chlorophyceae.
D)Phaeophyceae.
E)Xanthophyceae.

Question 20

Rockweeds and kelps belong to which class?

A)Bacillariophyceae
B)Chlorophyceae
C)Phaeophyceae
D)Chrysophyceae
E)Xanthophyceae

Question 21

The life history of most red algae consists of the following phases:

A)gametophyte and carposporophyte.
B)gametophyte and tetrasporophyte.
C)carposporophyte and tetrasporophyte.
D)gametophyte, carposporophyte, and tetrasporophyte.
E)gametophyte, sporophyte, carposporophyte, and tetrasporophyte.

Question 22

One role of the flagellar root system is to:

A)produce the flagellum.
B)stimulate flagellar movement.
C)anchor the flagellum.
D)digest the flagellum during cell division.
E)produce the phragmoplast.

Question 23

Three defining characteristics of the brown algae are:

A)plurilocular sporangia, fucoxanthin, and laminarin.
B)plurilocular sporangia, unilocular sporangia, and fucoxanthin.
C)unilocular sporangia, algin, and plasmodesmata.
D)unilocular sporangia, mannitol, and plasmodesmata.
E)mannitol, fucoxanthin, and laminarin.

Question 24

The main food reserve in red algae is:

A)amylopectin.
B)floridean starch.
C)glycogen.
D)lipid.
E)amylose.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about oomycetes is FALSE?

A)They have cell walls of cellulose or cellulose-like polymers.
B)Asexually reproduction occurs by uniflagellate zoospores.
C)Their filaments resemble hyphae.
D)Sexual reproduction is oogamous.
E)Some are unicellular.

Question 26

Which of the following statements about Chlamydomonas is FALSE?

A)The diploid phase is the dominant phase in its life cycle.
B)It has two flagella of equal length.
C)It undergoes zygotic meiosis.
D)It has no cellulose in its cell wall.
E)Its chloroplast contains a pyrenoid.

Question 27

Which of the following features is NOT shared by Chara and certain plants?

A)apical growth
B)tissue organization in the nodal regions
C)flagellated cells other than sperm
D)pattern of plasmodesmatal connections
E)sporopollenin

Question 28

In the life cycle of the myxomycetes, meiosis occurs within:

A)the plasmodiocarps.
B)amoebas.
C)spores.
D)sclerotia.
E)aethalia.

Question 29

Cytokinesis in the Chlorophyceae involves a unique structure called a:

A)phragmoplast.
B)cleavage furrow.
C)flagellar root.
D)phycosome.
E)phycoplast.

Question 30

______ is a member of the class Charophyceae that has an unbranched filamentous growth form.

A)Halimeda
B)Ulva
C)Chara
D)Oedogonium
E)Spirogyra

Question 31

In Polysiphonia, meiosis occurs inside a(n):

A)auxillary cell.
B)tetrasporangium.
C)spermatium.
D)trichogyne.
E)carpospore.

Question 32

______ is a genus of homothallic water molds.

A)Saprolegnia
B)Achlya
C)Plasmopara
D)Pythium
E)Phytophthora

Question 33

Which of the following structures is NOT associated with sexual reproduction in Spirogyra?

A)isogametes
B)conjugation tube
C)flagellated reproductive cells
D)sporopollenin
E)zygotic meiosis

Question 34

Desmids belong to the:

A)order Coleochaetales.
B)order Charales.
C)class Charophyceae.
D)class Ulvophyceae.
E)class Chlorophyceae.

Question 35

The role of primary pit plugs in red algae is to:

A)interconnect cells.
B)produce toxic terpenoids.
C)store toxic terpenoids.
D)enhance photosynthesis.
E)deposit lignin.

Question 36

Siphonous marine algae are characterized by:

A)short, unbranched filaments.
B)large, branched coenocytic cells.
C)a parenchymatous structure.
D)"caps" or annual scars.
E)large motile colonies.

Question 37

______ is a parenchymatous member of the Chlorophyceae.

A)Volvox
B)Cladophora
C)Ulva
D)Fritschiella
E)Acetabularia

Question 38

______ is a motile, colonial member of the Chlorophyceae.

A)Hydrodictyon
B)Halimeda
C)Volvox
D)Oedogonium
E)Chlorella

Question 39

Which of the following statements about Volvox is FALSE?

A)It consists of a hollow sphere of cells.
B)Vegetative cells are nonflagellated.
C)Reproductive cells divide by mitosis to form juvenile spheroids.
D)Sexual reproduction is oogamous.
E)Male colonies may produce inducer molecules.

Question 40

Which of the following statements about Phytophthora ramorum is FALSE?

A)It is an oomycete.
B)It is the cause of sudden oak syndrome.
C)It invades the bark of trees.
D)It kills the plant by girdling the trunk.
E)It infects oak trees but not other plants.

Question 41

In Euglenoids, a flexible structure called the pyrenoid allows the cell to change shape.

Question 42

In the life cycle of plasmodial slime molds, when gametes fuse they give rise to a:

A)microcyst.
B)sporangium.
C)spore.
D)plasmodium.
E)sclerotium.

Question 43

The thalli of brown algae may consist of tissue-like pseudoparenchyma.

Question 44

Dinoflagellates are unique in having two flagella that beat within grooves.

Question 45

Centric diatoms are radially symmetrical.

Question 46

The cryptomonad chloroplast is surrounded by four membranes.

Question 47

All members of Class Chrysophyceae have cell walls of cellulose.

Question 48

Kelps produce algin, which is used to emulsify foods.

Question 49

Dictyostelium is used in the study of apoptosis, which is the:

A)aggregation of amoebas.
B)programmed cell death.
C)formation of resistant encysted structures.
D)morphological differentiation of a plasmodium.
E)loss of motility of amoebas.

Question 50

All pennate diatoms seem to possess a groove, called a raphe, in their frustules.

Question 51

A haptonema is a flat scale on the outer surface of a haptophyte cell.

Question 52

Algae can be cultivated for biofuel production.

Question 53

Both phytoplankton and zooplankton are organisms that normally live suspended in water.

Question 54

In the Dictyostelium life cycle, myxamoebas aggregate by migrating along a gradient of:

A)cAMP.
B)glucose.
C)protein.
D)paramylon.
E)microtubules.
True-False Questions

Question 55

Cryptomonads arose through the fusion of a heterotrophic and a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell.

Question 56

The oldest fossil eukaryotic algae are unlike any alga living today.

Question 57

Members of the class Xanthophyceae store their food reserves as glycogen.

Question 58

In the Ectocarpus life cycle, the sporophyte produces plurilocular and unilocular sporangia.

Question 59

In the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, myxamoebas aggregate to form a:

A)spore.
B)sclerotium.
C)sporangium.
D)plasmodium.
E)pseudoplasmodium.

Question 60

Dinobryon is a representative member of Class Chrysophyceae.

Question 61

Cell wall constituents of the red algae are used commercially to produce agar and carrageenans.

Question 62

The stoneworts are green algae that produce flagellated sperm in complex multicellular antheridia.

Question 63

Phytophthora infestans is a myxomycetea responsible for the great potato famine of 1846−1849 in Ireland.

Question 64

In Volvox, spheroids turn inside out before they become motile.

Question 65

Desmids are members of the Ulvophyceae with cells consisting of two sections joined by an isthmus.

Question 66

The life history of most red algae has three phases: a haploid gametophyte, a diploid zygote, and a diploid tetrasporophyte.

Question 67

In the myxomycete life cycle, the protoplast of spores forms amoeboid or flagellated cells that are interconvertible.