Deck 3: The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

Question 1

The alignment of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall is controlled by:

A)cortical microtubules.
B)nuclear microtubules.
C)cortical actin filaments.
D)nuclear actin filaments.
E)cell wall actin filaments.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells have:

A)a nucleus.
B)a cytoplasm.
C)a plasma membrane.
D)genetic material.
E)ribosomes.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Chlorophylls and carotenoid pigments are embedded in the:

A)stroma.
B)outer chloroplast membrane.
C)thylakoid membranes.
D)plasmalemma.
E)nucleoids.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following lists the correct sequence in which glycoproteins travel through the Golgi complex?

A)Trans-Golgi network, maturing face, shuttle vesicles, forming face
B)Shuttle vesicles, trans-Golgi network, forming face, maturing face
C)Forming face, shuttle vesicles, maturing face, trans-Golgi network
D)Maturing face, shuttle vesicles, trans-Golgi network, forming face
E)Forming face, maturing face, shuttle vesicles, trans-Golgi network

Question 5

_______first concluded that all cells arise from preexisting cells.

A)Theodor Schwann
B)Robert Hooke
C)Charles Darwin
D)Rudolf Virchow
E)Matthias Schleiden

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning actin filaments is FALSE?

A)They are composed of protein subunits.
B)They lack distinct plus and minus ends.
C)They are involved with cell wall deposition.
D)They are involved with cytoplasmic streaming.
E)They are also called micofilaments.

Question 7

The ______ in the cell sap are responsible for the red and blue colors of many fruits and vegetables.

A)anthocyanins
B)carotenoids
C)chlorophylls
D)calcium oxalate crystals
E)oil bodies

Question 8

The nucleolus is the structure in which ______ are formed.

A)nuclear pores
B)chromosomes
C)ribosomes
D)units of endoplasmic reticulum
E)portions of the nuclear envelope

Question 9

Which of the following statements about microtubules is FALSE?

A)They are components of the cytoskeleton.
B)Their subunits are assembled at microtubule organizing centers.
C)Their subunits are arranged in a solid cylinder.
D)They are polar structures, with plus and minus ends.
E)They exhibit dynamic instability.

Question 10

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in ______ synthesis.

A)protein
B)glycoprotein
C)lipid
D)ribosome
E)carbohydrate

Question 11

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is FALSE?

A)They are sites where energy is released from organic molecules.
B)They are generally larger than plastids.
C)They can synthesize some of their own proteins.
D)Their DNA is circular.
E)They are bounded by two membranes.

Question 12

If a plant has a diploid chromosome number of 60, how many chromosomes are present in its gametes?

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)60
E)80

Question 13

Cyclosis refers to:

A)the constant streaming of the cytoplasm.
B)the process of cell division.
C)that portion of the cytoplasm outside the plasma membrane.
D)that portion of the cytoplasm inside the plasma membrane.
E)the liquid inside the vacuole.

Question 14

Which of the following best designates a somatic cell containing 6 chromosomes?

A)n = 6
B)n = 12
C)2n = 3
D)2n = 6
E)3n = 6

Question 15

Grana are stacks of ______ within chloroplasts.

A)prolamellar bodies
B)thylakoids
C)stroma
D)carotenoids
E)etioplasts

Question 16

______ are colorless plastids that are the precursors of other, more highly differentiated plastids.

A)Leucoplasts
B)Chromoplasts
C)Amyloplasts
D)Proplastids
E)Chloroplasts

Question 17

Plastids that contain carotenoids but lack chlorophyll are known as:

A)etioplasts.
B)chromoplasts.
C)amyloplasts.
D)proplastids.
E)chloroplasts.

Question 18

Peroxisomes are organelles that:

A)evolved from the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)possess their own DNA.
C)self-replicate.
D)are bounded by a double membrane.
E)possess their own ribosomes.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

A)tonoplast
B)mitochondrial membrane
C)plasma membrane
D)Golgi complex
E)nuclear envelope

Question 20

A pivotal step in programmed cell death is the release of ______ from ______.

A)DNA; proplastids
B)ATP; mitochondria
C)starch; chloroplasts
D)secondary metabolites; chloroplasts
E)cytochrome c; mitochondria

Question 21

Sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes at the beginning of:

A)prophase.
B)metaphase.
C)anaphase.
D)telophase.
E)interphase.

Question 22

Chromosomes lengthen and become indistinct during:

A)anaphase.
B)metaphase.
C)prophase.
D)interphase.
E)telophase.

Question 23

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of cell wall layers, beginning with the outermost layer and progressing inward?

A)middle lamella, primary wall, secondary wall
B)secondary wall, primary wall, middle lamella
C)secondary wall, middle lamella, primary wall
D)primary wall, middle lamella, secondary wall
E)middle lamella, secondary wall, primary wall

Question 24

The longest phase of mitosis is always:

A)anaphase.
B)metaphase.
C)prophase.
D)interphase.
E)telophase.

Question 25

A ______ has an internal arrangement of nine triplets of microtubules.

A)flagellum
B)cilium
C)basal body
D)microfilament
E)basal root

Question 26

During ______, the nuclear envelopes and nucleoli re-form.

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)prophase
D)interphase
E)telophase

Question 27

Which of the following statements concerning endoreduplication is FALSE?

A)It may result in gigantic nuclei.
B)It involves multiple rounds of DNA synthesis.
C)It provides a mechanism for increasing the level of gene expression.
D)It may result in thousands of copies of each gene.
E)It usually occurs following the differentiation of cells.

Question 28

Cellulose synthase is an enzyme situated in the:

A)vacuole.
B)chloroplasts.
C)cell wall.
D)mitochondria.
E)plasma membrane.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about the primary wall is FALSE?

A)It is deposited before and during cell growth.
B)It may contain lignin, suberin, or cutin.
C)Actively dividing cells have only primary walls.
D)Some mature plant cells have only a primary wall.
E)It is usually of uniform thickness.

Question 30

In the cell cycle, interphase consists of:

A)mitosis and cytokinesis.
B)mitosis and the S phase.
C)the G₁ and G₂ phases.
D)the G₂ and S phases.
E)the G₁, G₂, and S phases.

Question 31

In late prophase, sister chromatids are joined by a constriction at the:

A)phragmosome.
B)preprophase band.
C)centriole.
D)centromere.
E)centrosome.

Question 32

Stretching of the cell wall can be prevented by the cross-linking of _____ with _____.

A)pectins; calcium
B)the cytoskeleton; potassium
C)microtubules; oligosaccharins
D)hemicelluloses; phosphates
E)microfilaments; disulfide bridges

Question 33

In the developing cell plate, the initial polysaccharide is:

A)cellulose.
B)pectin.
C)callose.
D)chitin.
E)hemicellulose.

Question 34

Which of the following statements concerning checkpoints is FALSE?

A)Checkpoints control the progression between certain phases of the cell cycle.
B)Checkpoints control the rate at which cells are produced.
C)Checkpoints enable a cell to sense whether certain conditions have been met.
D)Checkpoints involve the control of DNA and protein synthesis.
E)Checkpoints differ significantly among eukaryotic cells.

Question 35

The ______ is the earliest manifestation of the mitotic spindle.

A)preprophase band
B)prophase spindle
C)phragmosome
D)centrosome
E)phragmoplast

Question 36

An interruption in the secondary wall is called a:

A)primary pit-field.
B)pit membrane.
C)pit.
D)pit cavity.
E)pit-pair.

Question 37

DNA replication occurs during the ______ phase.

A)G₀
B)G₁
C)G₂
D)S
E)M

Question 38

Which of the following is unique to cell division in plants?

A)migration of the nucleus to the center of the cell
B)migration of the mitochondria to the periphery of the cell
C)duplication of the centrosome
D)duplication of the mitochondria
E)duplication of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

In plants, flagella are found only in:

A)leaves.
B)phloem.
C)xylem.
D)mosses.
E)motile sperm.

Question 40

Which of the following statements concerning callose is FALSE?

A)It is deposited in response to mechanical wounding.
B)It is associated with aspects of cell division.
C)It consists of spirally wound chains.
D)It is composed of glucose residues.
E)It opens plasmodesmata between contiguous cells.

Question 41

Flagella and cilia grow out of basal bodies.

Question 42

Once tubulin molecules are joined together they cannot un-join.

Question 43

Substances contained in Golgi vesicles leave the cell by the process of exocytosis.

Question 44

The outer mitochondrial membrane is called the crista.

Question 45

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having organelles.

Question 46

In cells that enlarge in all directions more or less uniformly, microfibrils have been deposited perpendicular to the axis of elongation.

Question 47

The membrane of a vacuole is called the tonoplast.

Question 48

Micelles are composed of cellulose.

Question 49

The cytoskeleton of plant cells consists of microtubules, actin filaments, and, in some cases, intermediate filaments.

Question 50

If a plant has 50 chromosomes in each of its somatic cells, then each of its gametes will have 25 chromosomes.

Question 51

A primary wall contains pit-fields, but a secondary wall contains pits.

Question 52

Proplastids that contain prolamellar bodies are called etioplasts.

Question 53

An expansin is a protein found in the cell wall.

Question 54

Anthocyanins are found in the vacuole.

Question 55

The largest supramolecular complex assembled in the eukaryotic cell is the nuclear pore.

Question 56

Most of the increase in size of a plant cell results from enlargement of the vacuole.

Question 57

A compound middle lamella may consist of the middle lamella, the two adjacent primary walls, and the first layer of the secondary wall of each cell.

Question 58

Most prokaryotic cells have only one chromosome.

Question 59

A protein destined for secretion at the cell surface is packaged at the trans-Golgi network into coated vesicles rather than smooth-surfaced vesicles.

Question 60

Which of the following statements about the phragmoplast is FALSE?

A)It forms between the two daughter nuclei.
B)It is composed of microtubules.
C)Its formation precedes the growth of the cell plate.
D)It begins to form at the walls of the dividing cell and grows inward.
E)In cells with large vacuoles, it is formed within the phragmosome.
True-False Questions

Question 61

At full metaphase, all chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.

Question 62

The phragmosome is a sheet of cytoplasm that anchors the nucleus in the center of the cell prior to nuclear division.

Question 63

During winter dormancy, root initials are most likely to be in the G₀ phase of the cell cycle.

Question 64

The product of the cellulose synthase enzyme complex is released into the cytoplasm.