Deck 16: Romanesque Art

Question 1

During the Romanesque period, what largely replaced mosaics on the walls of churches outside of Rome?

A) relief carvings
B) painted murals
C) marble inlay
D) bare expanses of stone

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Although a military failure, what helped to stimulate trade during the Romanesque period?

A) Norman battles
B) pilgrimages
C) the crusades
D) Dover castle

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The practical nature of the Cistercians led to what change in the traditional monastery plan?

A) the use of concrete instead of stone construction
B) key buildings placed at right angles to the cloister
C) the church separated from the cloister by a courtyard
D) an added clerestory, which provided natural light from above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the relief Christ and Disciples on the Road to Emmaus (Fig. 16-1), Christ's attributes of a hat, a satchel, and a walking stick characterize him as a

A) Good Shepherd.
B) Nordic king.
C) youthful emperor.
D) pilgrim.

Question 5

How do the reliefs on the left wall of the south porch of the Priory Church of Saint-Pierre at Moissac (Fig. 16-23) differ from imagery carved on the tympanum (Fig. 16-21) of that church?

A) They are more awe-inspiring and didactic.
B) They were originally painted in brightly colored hues.
C) They are more lifelike to convey human frailty.
D) They demonstrate the influence of Islamic art.

Question 6

The Church of Sant Vincenç (Fig. 16-3) is an example of the "First Romanesque" because

A) it is laid out on a pilgrimage plan.
B) it is laid out on a basilica plan.
C) it relies on stone vaulting and masonry construction.
D) the design allowed for flat-wall continuity along the nave.

Question 7

Cluny was unusual among monasteries because the abbot answered to

A) the Pope in Rome.
B) the Duke of Burgundy.
C) the local feudal lord.
D) the Bishop of Paris.

Question 8

What could pilgrims who made the journey to Santiago de Compostela purchase as a badge that attested to their piety and accomplishments?

A) emblemata
B) shell
C) ankh
D) crucifix

Question 9

What was the earliest known illustrated record of contemporary events in England?

A) Liber Scivias (Fig. 16-38)
B) Book of Homilies (Fig. 16-35)
C) Worcester Chronicle (Fig. 16-30)
D) Codex Colbertinus (Fig. 30-34)

Question 10

What architectural element of Romanesque portals was used to depict the most important imagery?

A) jambs
B) archivolts
C) lintel
D) tympanum

Question 11

What was the objection to the Reliquary Statue of Sainte Foy (Fig. 16-6) initially held by St. Bernard of Angers?

A) The reliquary's form seemed idolatrous.
B) Monks had stolen the relics from the saint's shrine.
C) The statue had been made by pagans.
D) Its use of gold and encrusted jewels was too gaudy.

Question 12

What feature distinguishes Cluniac churches in Burgundy from those elsewhere?

A) accommodations made in the design to fit the needs of pilgrims
B) the use of Corinthian columns and other classicizing elements
C) rich sculptural and painted decorations
D) an emphasis on regional style and tradition

Question 13

Which was the largest church in Europe at the time of its completion in 1130?

A) San Miniato
B) Saint Peter's
C) Cluny III
D) Santo Domingo

Question 14

Carved historiated capitals such as The Magi Asleep and The Flight into Egypt (Fig. 16-25) inside the Cathedral of Saint-Lazare emphasize

A) the human qualities of the stories.
B) deep theological significance.
C) the importance of the church.
D) a moral lesson to be learned.

Question 15

The oldest known bronze tomb effigy is of

A) King Ralph.
B) Rudolf of Swabia.
C) Reiner of Huy.
D) Homilies of Guda.

Question 16

The nave of the Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe (Fig. 16-13) shows the biblical story of

A) the Creation.
B) Noah and the Flood.
C) the Expulsion.
D) Tower of Babel.

Question 17

What is the Leaning Tower of Pisa at the cathedral complex at Pisa?

A) baptistry
B) crypt
C) campanile
D) altar

Question 18

The imagery of the Norman Conquest depicted in the Bayeux Embroidery (Figs. 16-31, 16-32, and 16-33) is best described as

A) historical.
B) anecdotal.
C) inaccurate.
D) mythical.

Question 19

Which new system of masonry, which would become a hallmark of later Gothic architecture, was introduced in Durham Cathedral (Fig. 16-18)?

A) ribbed groin vaults
B) barrel vaults
C) transverse arches
D) strip buttresses

Question 20

What did the Scivias record about Hildegard of Bingen?

A) her day-to-day events
B) her musical compositions
C) her mystical visions
D) her treatises on medicine

Question 21

How did the exteriors of Tuscan basilicas differ from those of other early Christian basilicas?

Question 22

Describe the economic situation in Europe during the Romanesque period.

Question 23

Trace the stylistic development of the Romanesque church.

Question 24

The oxen on the baptismal font by Renier of Huy symbolize

A) Pharisees.
B) prophets.
C) apostles.
D) seasons.

Question 25

In which cathedrals did masons experiment with vaults?

Question 26

Examine the purposes, subjects, and iconography of sculpture in wood and bronze.

Question 27

Compare the use of religious imagery in illuminated manuscripts and codices.

Question 28

How does the Worcester Chronicle depict medieval society?

Question 29

In keeping with the order's emphasis on disciplined spiritual practice, which kind of architecture is characterized by simplicity, austerity, and purity?

A) Cistercian
B) Cluniac
C) Benedictine
D) Islamic

Question 30

How did the sculptors of the Priory Church of Saint-Pierre at Moissac achieve variety in their work?

Question 31

The First Crusade was promoted by Pope

A) Bernard of Clairvaux.
B) Alfonso VI.
C) Reinier of Huy.
D) Urban II.

Question 32

What inspired the faithful to travel on pilgrimages?

Question 33

Any Romanesque image of Mary seated on a throne and holding the baby Jesus on her lap is known as

A) "The Throne of Wisdom."
B) "Virgin of Compassion."
C) "Theotokos."
D) "Mater Dolorosa."

Question 34

Compare the purpose and function of secular architecture to that of Romanesque monasteries.

Question 35

How does Speyer Cathedral emphasize Ottonian qualities?

Question 36

Investigate and describe the decoration of Romanesque churches.

Question 37

How did intellectual life bloom in the eleventh and twelfth centuries?

Question 38

Which symbolizes the Holy Sepulcher and covers the main altar in the apse of San Clemente?

A) baldacchino
B) mausoleum
C) tapestry
D) capital

Question 39

How was Dover Castle in England an example of providing for personal security?

Question 40

How was the monastery of Cluny in Burgundy a city in itself?