Deck 15: Early Medieval Art in Europe

Question 1

Seafaring bands of Norse seamen were called

A) Scandinavians.
B) Danes.
C) Vikings.
D) Soviets.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The page from the Ebbo Gospels (Fig. 15-21) shows St. Matthew receiving the Word of God from his symbol, the distant

A) lion.
B) lamb.
C) angel.
D) physician.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is notable about the Doors of Bishop Bernward in Hildesheim (Fig. 15-27)?

A) The artists used a strict pre-Christian, iconographical program to relay the narrative.
B) They were the most complex bronze-casting project undertaken since antiquity.
C) They were inspired by the Byzantine use of narrative sculpture relief.
D) The monastic collaboration included the employment of secular artists.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which work-one of the most famous Carolingian manuscripts-uses ink drawings to illustrate the words and images of individual psalms literally?

A) Ebbo Gospels
B) Book of Durrow
C) Lindisfarne Gospel Book
D) Utrecht Psalter

Question 5

On the page from the Lindisfarne Gospel Book, Matthew Writing His Gospel (Fig. 15-8), what suggests a break with Roman traditions?

A) iconography
B) blank background
C) modeling drapery
D) intuitive perspective

Question 6

A cornerstone of Christian philosophy is the text of

A) The City of God.
B) The Realm of the Lord.
C) The Gospel of Paul.
D) The Word of Matthew.

Question 7

Christians in the Muslim territories were called

A) Mozarabs.
B) Mesopotamians.
C) Israelites.
D) Iranians.

Question 8

Charlemagne established a dynasty and an empire known today as the

A) Carolingian.
B) Ottonian.
C) Merovingian.
D) Frankish.

Question 9

Which plan did most Carolingian churches follow?

A) martyrium
B) cross
C) basilican
D) central

Question 10

Which work is an example of the technique known as repoussé?

A) Equestrian Portrait of Charles the Bald (?) (Fig. 15-16)
B) Crucifixion with Angels and Mourning Figures (Fig. 15-23)
C) Otto I Presenting Magdeburg Cathedral to Christ (Fig. 15-24)
D) Gero Crucifix (Fig. 15-26)

Question 11

Why did Celtic Christians develop their own liturgical practices and distinctive artistic traditions?

A) They refused to accept the authority of Bishop of Rome.
B) They had little contact with Rome until the sixth century.
C) Celtic mythological beliefs prevailed over Christianity among the general population.
D) Celtic rulers imposed strict regulations in terms of language and iconography.

Question 12

Which style influenced the sharply outlined drawings and lavish fields of gold in the Hitda Gospels (Fig. 15-28) and the Gospels of Otto III (Fig. 15-29)?

A) Islamic
B) Hiberno-Saxon
C) Byzantine
D) Early Christian

Question 13

What structure is at the center of the Saint Gall plan (Fig. 15-19), which reflects the basic design used in the layout of medieval monasteries?

A) a large basilican church
B) the monk's living quarters
C) a cloister
D) the dining room

Question 14

The Book of Kells (Fig. 15-1) was produced on

A) papyrus.
B) paper.
C) deckles.
D) vellum.

Question 15

Which artistic style was a fusion of Celtic, Romanized British, Germanic, and Norse traditions?

A) barbarian
B) Carolingian
C) Hiberno-Saxon
D) Frank

Question 16

What is was the most likely use of the Lindisfarne Gospel Book?

A) It was the primary reference used by monks at the monastery at Lindisfarne.
B) It was read during liturgical services by the bishop of Lindisfarne.
C) It was carried during processionals and displayed on the altar.
D) It was used by a wealthy patron in private devotion.

Question 17

Why did many Ottonian cathedrals burn down in the eleventh century?

A) Muslim invaders destroyed them.
B) The number of wooden sculptures made them susceptible to fire.
C) Riots protesting imperial rule led to massive destruction.
D) Their timber roofs made them susceptible to fire.

Question 18

Which Roman prototype provided an artistic model for realizing Charlemagne's vision of "the Renewal of the Roman Empire"?

A) equestrian portraits
B) royal rune stones
C) ivory plaques
D) illustrated manuscripts

Question 19

Maius's illustrations for Beatus's Commentary on the Apocalypse (Fig. 15-15) reveals the bold patterns and colorful forms of the

A) animal style.
B) Mozarabic style.
C) classicizing style.
D) Carolingian style.

Question 20

The animated poses of the angels and mourners on the cover of the Lindau Gospels are similar to the energetic expressionism of

A) the Book of Durrow.
B) the Coronation Gospels.
C) the Utrecht Psalter.
D) the Gospels of Otto III.

Question 21

What did the Oseberg ship contain, and what was its intended use?

Question 22

How did the Vikings affect the art world? What specific artistic trends did they set?

Question 23

How did the "barbarians" use animal style in their art?

Question 24

How does the life of Galla Placidia bring the fall of the Roman Empire to life?

Question 25

What was the result of St. Augustine's successful mission?

Question 26

Describe the Mozarabic style in Spain.

Question 27

Discuss the design, iconography, and purpose of the illustrated books of the Early Christian British Isles.

Question 28

Monumental stone crosses were influenced by

A) metalworking traditions.
B) architecture.
C) imperial sculpture.
D) catacomb painting.

Question 29

What do the Doors of Bishop Bernward depict (Fig. 15-27)?

Question 30

What were the special needs of a monastic community?

Question 31

What influences of the Roman Empire were seen in the Carolingian and Ottonian dynasties?

Question 32

What artifacts were contained in the burial ship at Sutton Hoo?

Question 33

Much Scandinavian architecture consisted of wooden frames filled with

A) mortar.
B) waddle-and-daub.
C) runes.
D) louver.

Question 34

How does the Gero Crucifix (Fig. 15-26) appeal emotionally to viewers?

Question 35

What time period is considered to be the Middle Ages?

Question 36

Which design is seen in the Gummersmark Brooch (Fig. 15-3)?

A) words and initials
B) warrior and rulers
C) crosses and circles
D) monsters and beasts

Question 37

In the early 900s, a new Saxon dynasty came to power in lands corresponding roughly to present-day Germany and Austria; this dynasty was known as the

A) Ottonians.
B) Hiberno-Saxons.
C) Merovingians.
D) Carolingians.

Question 38

Why were manuscript covers often reused or stolen?

Question 39

Supported by the Carolingians, the most dominant form of monasticism throughout Europe became

A) Merovingian.
B) Benedictine.
C) Celtic.
D) Ionian.

Question 40

How do the arts of the Carolingian dynasty compare with those of the Ottonian dynasty?