Deck 25: Pathogenic Rna Viruses

Question 1

Dark staining masses of virions, called Negri bodies, in the brains of victims are diagnostic of

A) Venezuelan encephalitis virus.
B) rabies.
C) eastern equine encephalitis virus.
D) HTLV- 2.
E) California encephalitis virus.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The human T- lymphotropic virus 1 causes

A) adult acute T- cell lymphocytic leukemia.
B) hairy cell leukemia.
C) Burkitt's lymphoma.
D) Hodgkin's lymphoma.
E) hepatic cancer.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The transmission of enteric hepatitis is most effectively prevented by

A) good public sanitation and personal hygiene.
B) immunization.
C) vector control.
D) safe sex practices.
E) reducing aerosol dispersion.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is a family of double- stranded RNA viruses?

A) Retroviridae
B) Reoviridae
C) Rhabdoviridae
D) Coronaviridae
E) Picornaviridae

Question 5

Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and a yellow color of the sclera and skin, without hemorrhaging or kidney damage, are typically observed with

A) hepatitis.
B) yellow fever.
C) dengue fever.
D) gastroenteritis.
E) rubella.

Question 6

Rodents are the normal hosts for which of the following encephalitis viruses?

A) West Nile virus
B) eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
C) St. Louis encephalitis
D) western equine encephalitis (WEE)
E) Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)

Question 7

Which of the following is MISMATCHED?

A) Sabin vaccine; live attenuated vaccine
B) Salk vaccine; inactivated polio vaccine
C) Salk vaccine; administered orally
D) Sabin vaccine; less stable
E) Salk vaccine; requires boosters

Question 8

Humans may become infected with by inhaling aerosols of dried rodent excrement.

A) West Nile virus
B) hantavirus
C) influenza virus
D) Venezuelan encephalitis virus
E) coronaviruses

Question 9

Which of the following is a family of six- pointed, star- shaped viruses that cause gastrointestinal diseases?

A) Rhabdoviridae
B) Caliciviridae
C) Picornaviridae
D) echovirus
E) Coronaviridae

Question 10

A child has fever, chills, muscle aches, and conjunctivitis. She is also developing a rash caused by subcutaneous hemorrhaging and complains about exposure to sunlight. With which of the following viruses might she be infected?

A) mumps virus
B) coxsackie B virus
C) rotavirus
D) hantavirus
E) coltivirus

Question 11

An emerging fatal disease in humans caused by one of the members of the Paramyxoviridae is known as

A) Nipahvirus.
B) Morbillivirus.
C) Rubulavirus.
D) respiratory syncytial virus.
E) Pneumovirus.

Question 12

Ebola hemorrhagic virus is caused by which type of virus?

A) filovirus
B) paramyxovirus
C) pneumovirus
D) rubulavirus
E) rhabdovirus

Question 13

The West Nile virus is considered a(n)

A) coronavirus.
B) enterovirus.
C) rhinovirus.
D) flavivirus.
E) togavirus.

Question 14

The HIV virion is best described as a(n)

A) unsegmented RNA genome in a long flexible helical capsid with envelope.
B) segmented RNA genome in an irregular polyhedron capsid with envelope.
C) segmented RNA genome in an icosahedral capsid, without envelope.
D) unsegmented RNA genome in a helical capsid with an envelope.
E) segmented RNA genome in helical capsids and an envelope.

Question 15

Which of the following RNA virus families include the smallest viral pathogens in animals?

A) Paramyxoviridae
B) Arenaviridae
C) Picornaviridae
D) Coronaviridae
E) Rhinoviridae

Question 16

The recent epidemic of SARS virus was caused by a(n)

A) coronavirus.
B) flavivirus.
C) adenovirus.
D) togavirus.
E) rhinovirus.

Question 17

Which of the following viruses is considered a childhood disease, was first identified by a German physician, and is known to cause "three- day measles"?

A) rhinovirus
B) echovirus
C) coxsackie A virus
D) rubella
E) roseola

Question 18

Enteric hepatitis is fatal for 20% of people in which of the following groups?

A) pregnant women
B) elderly men
C) young adults
D) infants under the age of one year
E) teenagers

Question 19

Which of the following viruses is suspected of being a cause of diabetes mellitus?

A) hepatitis A
B) enteroviruses
C) echoviruses
D) coxsackie B virus
E) coxsackie A virus

Question 20

The causes a T cell leukemia.

A) hepatitis C virus
B) hepatitis B virus
C) HIV
D) hantavirus
E) HTLV- 1

Question 21

Diseases caused by coxsackie A virus include

A) myocarditis.
B) hepatitis.
C) hand- foot- and- mouth disease.
D) viral meningitis.
E) both hand- foot- and- mouth disease and viral meningitis.

Question 22

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes coronaviruses from rhinoviruses?

A) cause common colds
B) replicate best at 33°C
C) envelope is present
D) virions contain single- stranded positive RNA
E) transmitted via respiratory droplets

Question 23

In asthmatic individuals, the "common cold" caused by rhinoviruses can be treated

A) with interferons.
B) for symptoms only (antihistamine, decongestant, pain reliever).
C) for symptoms or with the prescription antiviral pleconaril.
D) with the prescription antiviral pleconaril.
E) with the prescription antiviral ribavirin.

Question 24

Enteroviruses gain their name from the fact that they

A) are transmitted by the fecal- oral route.
B) infect the gastrointestinal tract.
C) remain latent inside cells in the stomach and intestines.
D) are able to withstand the low pH of the stomach.
E) spread from the intestinal lining into the bloodstream to cause viremia.

Question 25

Which of the following cells is NOT infected by HIV?

A) macrophages
B) dendritic cells
C) helper T cells
D) B lymphocytes
E) microglia

Question 26

Which of the following cells are a major reservoir for HIV?

A) monocytes and macrophages
B) B lymphocytes
C) helper T cells
D) infected dendritic cells
E) cytotoxic T cells

Question 27

Deltavirus (hepatitis D virus) requires co- infection with to produce infectious virions.

A) hepatitis A virus
B) hepatitis E virus
C) hepatitis C virus
D) hepatitis B virus
E) arenaviruses

Question 28

The disease known as dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually

A) an immediate immune reaction to the initial infection with the dengue virus.
B) an antibody- antigen complex reaction.
C) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with the dengue virus.
D) an autoimmune disease.
E) the chronic carrier state of the dengue virus.

Question 29

Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?

A) mumps; parotitis
B) parainfluenza virus; croup
C) rabies; hydrophobia
D) measles; Koplik's spots
E) influenza; hemorrhagic fever

Question 30

Which of the following enzymes allows retroviruses to transcribe DNA from ssRNA?

A) trypsinase
B) protease
C) nuclease
D) reverse transcriptase
E) integrase

Question 31

Some patients who have suffered from polio develop symptoms 30- 40 years later in the form of

A) meningitis.
B) crippling deterioration and dysfunction in the polio- affected muscles.
C) encephalitis.
D) deterioration of the nerves that control polio- affected muscles.
E) repeated cold symptoms.

Question 32

A child has a mild fever and a macular rash primarily on the torso. No lesions are evident in the mouth, and the child has not complained of pain. Which of the following diseases might the child have?

A) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
B) dengue fever
C) red measles
D) three- day measles
E) hand- foot- and- mouth disease

Question 33

Which of the following statements about rhinoviruses is FALSE?

A) They are the only viruses that can cause a common cold.
B) They thrive at 33°C.
C) They are extremely infectious.
D) They are limited to infecting the upper respiratory tract.
E) Person- to- person contact is the most common mode of transmission.

Question 34

Which of the following bodily fluids is commonly a source of infection by HIV?

A) breast milk
B) vaginal secretions
C) semen
D) both semen and vaginal secretions
E) breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions

Question 35

How are HIV virions rendered virulent?

A) They contact the cytoplasmic membrane via gp41.
B) They bud to the surface of the host cell.
C) They use a chemokine receptor to remove gp120.
D) The action of protease releases reverse transcriptase and capsomeres after the virion buds from the cell.
E) They bind to smooth muscle cells.

Question 36

Public health scientists discover and become concerned about a new strain of RNA virus among farm animals, especially geese and pigs, in the Midwest. Each virion is composed of lipid, helical proteins, and multiple pieces of RNA. This new virus may be

A) an influenza virus.
B) a dengue virus.
C) a rotavirus.
D) a coronavirus.
E) a hantavirus.

Question 37

Which of the following viruses can establish a chronic infection of the liver which may progress to liver cancer?

A) hepatitis E
B) hepatitis A
C) hepatitis C
D) hepatitis D
E) HTLV- 1

Question 38

Which of the following is a member of the Flaviviridae that is NOT an arbovirus?

A) hepatitis C virus
B) West Nile virus
C) dengue virus
D) eastern equine encephalitis virus
E) hepatitis E virus

Question 39

The arenaviruses are unique because

A) they undergo rapid antigenic drift and antigenic shift.
B) their virions contain reverse transcriptase.
C) their virions contain ribosomes.
D) they are transmitted by direct contact with the blood of animals.
E) they "highjack" the glycoproteins of co- infecting viruses.

Question 40

A scientist discovers a new virus affecting birds. After isolation, the virus is characterized as having single- strand RNA in an icosahedral capsid and an envelope. To which of the following virus families might this new virus belong?

A) Reoviridae
B) Picornaviridae
C) Orthomyxoviridae
D) Coronaviridae
E) Flaviviridae

Question 41

Ebola and Marburg viruses are emerging pathogens that cause life- threatening (encephalitis/diarrhea/hemorrhaging) and can be transmitted in body fluids.

Question 42

Infection with (astrovirus/norovirus/rotavirus) is the most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide.

Question 43

The type of polio that involves the infection of the brain stem and medulla is

A) postpolio syndrome.
B) bulbar poliomyelitis.
C) nonparalytic polio.
D) asymptomatic polio.
E) minor polio.

Question 44

The clinical term for "runny nose" is (rhinorrhea/rhinovirus).

Question 45

How do coronaviruses differ from togaviruses?

A) Coronaviruses are RNA viruses.
B) Coronaviruses have helical capsids.
C) Coronaviruses have an envelope.
D) Coronaviruses contain positive RNA.
E) Coronaviruses individual capsids can be visualized.

Question 46

Acute liver disease known as (enteric/infectious/serum) hepatitis is spread by the fecal- oral route and is caused by a picornavirus.

Question 47

The "orphan" family of dsRNA viruses that cause respiratory and enteric infections is (Rhinoviridae/Rhabdoviridae/Reoviridae).

Question 48

Lesions of the mouth caused by coxsackie A virus are called (herpangina/herpetic/pleurodynia).

Question 49

RSV, like other viruses in the Paramyxoviridae family is able to cause infected cells to fuse with their neighbors, forming giant, multinucleate (aggregates/fusions/syncytia).

Question 50

The (reoviruses/retroviruses/rhinoviruses) have been studied more than any other group of viruses because of their unique features and the diseases they cause.

Question 51

Arboviruses are transmitted by the (contact/enteric/vector) route.

Question 52

Fever, jaundice, and hemorrhaging which often results in "black vomit" are characteristic of

A) Dengue fever.
B) West Nile fever.
C) yellow fever.
D) coronavirus.
E) hepatitis C infection.

Question 53

Coronaviruses and rhinoviruses replicate best in the (cooler/moister/salty) conditions of the nasal cavity.

Question 54

Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are signs and symptoms associated with which of the following viruses?

A) coxsackie A
B) norovirus
C) enterovirus
D) echovirus
E) rhinovirus

Question 55

Jonas Salk developed a(n) (attenuated/inactivated/subunit) polio vaccine in 1955.

Question 56

Which of the following viruses may cause viral meningitis?

A) coxsackie viruses
B) echoviruses
C) rhinoviruses
D) both echoviruses and rhinoviruses
E) both echoviruses and coxsackie viruses

Question 57

An RNA that can be used by a ribosome to translate into protein is (double/positive/negative) strand RNA.

Question 58

HIV attaches to T cell and macrophages by means of an interaction between gp120 and a(n) (antibody/CD4/gp41) receptor.

Question 59

Infection of day- care- age children with (HIV/RSV/SSPE) results in mild respiratory disease lasting about two weeks, but infection in infants is potentially fatal.

Question 60

Rubella vaccine is a(n) (attenuated/inactivated/subunit) vaccine and should not be given to pregnant women.

Question 61

Rotavirus infection is easily treatable, but it is a leading cause of death among children around the world.

Question 62

Infants infected with the coxsackie B virus do not develop myocarditis and, therefore, the virus is rarely fatal.

Question 63

Compare and contrast the two polio vaccines used to nearly eradicate polio.

Question 64

A common complication of measles in adults, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, could be a cause of diabetes mellitus.

Question 65

The practice of screening blood, blood products, and organ transplants for HIV has virtually eliminated the risk of HIV infection from these sources.

Question 66

The causative agent of the disease commonly called "croup" is a coronavirus.

Question 67

Infection by all influenza strains can be prevented with vaccines.

Question 68

Coronaviruses cause gastrointestinal disease.

Question 69

Compare and contrast infectious hepatitis (hepatitis

A) and hepatitis C in terms of agents, transmission, prevention, and disease outcomes.

Question 70

Congenital rubella causes infants to be chronic asymptomatic carriers.

Question 71

Hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease, and complete recovery occurs 99% of the time.

Question 72

Why do most individuals have more than one episode of the common cold in a season?

Question 73

Why are patients at risk for serious respiratory complications vaccinated every year for influenza?

Question 74

Why was the discovery of reverse transcriptase a momentous event in biology?

Question 75

In the United States, about 75% of children 7 years old and older have antibodies to astroviruses.