Deck 8: Minerals and Water

Question 1

Which of the following substances is a major mineral?

A) zinc
B) fluoride
C) potassium
D) iron

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following substances can interfere with the absorption of iron?

A) phytates
B) protein from animal foods
C) vitamin C
D) oxalates

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following conditions is defined as too little sodium in the blood?

A) hyponatremia
B) hemochromatosis
C) hypertension
D) hypokalemia

Answer 3

A

Question 4

toxicity can damage the nervous system and cause symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease.

A) Chloride
B) Sodium
C) Selenium
D) Manganese

Question 5

Which of the following minerals is found in the amino acids methionine, cystine, and cysteine?

A) sulfur
B) molybdenum
C) chromium
D) selenium

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding selenium/selenoproteins is incorrect?

A) Selenium plays an important role in the regulation of thyroid hormones.
B) The amount of selenium in foods depends upon the soil where the plants were grown and animals grazed.
C) Selenium functions as an antioxidant.
D) They are proven protection against colon cancer.

Question 7

The most common nutritional disorder in the world is

A) calcium deficiency.
B) iron deficiency.
C) magnesium deficiency.
D) potassium deficiency.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Water is a main component of the blood.
B) Water is used to regulate body temperature.
C) Water acts as a solvent within the body.
D) All of these statements are correct.

Question 9

The acronym DASH in the DASH diet stands for

A) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
B) Dietary Advancements to Suppress Hyponatremia.
C) Determine Amount of Sodium Helpful.
D) Discussions of Allowable Sodium in Hospitals.

Question 10

Which of the following elements is a major electrolyte?

A) selenium
B) chromium
C) sodium
D) iron

Question 11

Which of the following compounds is a typical ingredient in calcium supplements?

A) calcium carbonate
B) calcium fluorate
C) calcium oxalate
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following conditions is a genetic disorder in which individuals absorb too much dietary iron?

A) hypertension
B) cretinism
C) hypokalemia
D) hemochromatosis

Question 13

Hyperkalemia occurs when a person consumes too much from supplements.

A) calcium
B) potassium
C) zinc
D) sodium

Question 14

The condition known as hyponatremia is

A) a problem resulting from eating too much food during a race.
B) the presence of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids.
C) the presence of too much potassium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids.
D) a severe form of dehydration.

Question 15

Which of the following signs or symptoms is characteristic of cretinism?

A) dwarfism
B) mental retardation
C) abnormal sexual development
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

In the DASH study, which of the following amounts of sodium was found to be the most effective daily limit for lowering blood pressure?

A) 3,000 milligrams
B) 1,500 milligrams
C) 900 milligrams
D) 2,500 milligrams

Question 17

Which of the following substances is an antioxidant and may lower deaths from certain types of cancer?

A) calcium
B) selenium
C) chromium
D) iron

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is defined as too little potassium in the blood?

A) hypokalemia
B) hypertension
C) hyponatremia
D) hypercalcemia

Question 19

Which of the following mineral's main role is to increase the effectiveness of insulin in cells?

A) fluoride
B) zinc
C) iodine
D) chromium

Question 20

Which of the following minerals may play a role in lowering high blood pressure?

A) magnesium
B) potassium
C) calcium
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 21

Vitamin C greatly enhances the body's absorption of which of the following minerals?

A) nonheme iron
B) manganese
C) phosphorus
D) chromium

Question 22

Peak bone mass typically occurs when a person reaches his or her

A) twenties.
B) teens.
C) fifties.
D) thirties.

Question 23

Which of the following conditions is commonly known as high blood pressure?

A) hyponatremia
B) hypokalemia
C) hypertension
D) hemochromatosis

Question 24

Which of the following substances may possibly reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in individuals at risk of the disease?

A) chromium
B) iron
C) sodium
D) calcium

Question 25

The body of an average healthy adult is approximately percent water.

A) 60- 70
B) 50- 60
C) 70- 80
D) 40- 50

Question 26

About two- thirds of the _ in the body is found in hemoglobin.

A) molybdenum
B) iron
C) zinc
D) chromium

Question 27

Which of the following pairs of minerals combines to form hydroxyapatite?

A) sulfur and magnesium
B) potassium and calcium
C) phosphorus and calcium
D) zinc and iron

Question 28

Which of the following foods contains nonheme iron?

A) fish
B) steak
C) turkey
D) beans

Question 29

The skeleton is completely replaced with new bone about every

A) five years.
B) twenty years.
C) ten years.
D) other year.

Question 30

Which of the following elements is a major component of hemoglobin?

A) sodium
B) selenium
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 31

Which of the following elements is a major mineral of bone?

A) selenium
B) sodium
C) calcium
D) iron

Question 32

The two major electrolytes in the blood and outside of cells are

A) sulfur and magnesium.
B) potassium and magnesium.
C) sodium and chloride.
D) zinc and iron.

Question 33

Which of the following actions may not help reduce blood pressure?

A) increasing sodium intake
B) losing excess weight
C) drinking less alcohol
D) following the DASH diet

Question 34

A goiter is a deficiency of which of the following substances?

A) chromium
B) manganese
C) phosphorus
D) iodine

Question 35

Which of the following minerals, when added to water supplies, is responsible for lowering the rate of dental caries in the United States?

A) fluoride
B) selenium
C) calcium
D) iodine

Question 36

Which of the following conditions is defined as too much calcium in the blood?

A) hypercalcemia
B) hypokalemia
C) hyponatremia
D) hemochromatosis

Question 37

Which of the following minerals helps in linking collagen and elastin to synthesize connective tissue and is also involved in synthesizing melanin in skin?

A) chromium
B) iodine
C) selenium
D) copper

Question 38

Which of the following elements is found in both bleach and stomach acid (though in two different forms)?

A) zinc
B) chlorine
C) phosphorus
D) magnesium

Question 39

Which of the following statements does not correctly describe a function of zinc?

A) It helps in wound healing.
B) It is important for properly functioning taste buds.
C) It lowers blood pressure.
D) It may reduce the risk of age- related macular degeneration.

Question 40

Which of the following statements regarding potassium is correct?

A) High- protein, low- vegetable/fruit diets may cause a potassium deficiency.
B) A potassium deficiency can result from vomiting and/or diarrhea.
C) Low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness.
D) All the answers are correct.

Question 41

The overconsumption of fluids can cause hyponatremia, which can be fatal.

Question 42

Over- consumption of calcium is the root cause of the development of kidney stones.

Question 43

One advantage of consuming tap water is that it often contains fluoride.

Question 44

Processed foods provide about half of the sodium intake in the US.

Question 45

A feeling of dehydration despite having consumed significant amounts of fluids may be an indicator of hyponatremia.

Question 46

The bottling and sale of naturally obtained spring water is under the regulation of the FDA.

Question 47

Although osteoporosis is often thought of as a condition of the elderly, it has its roots in childhood.

Question 48

Eating meat with vegetables increases the absorption of nonheme iron present in the vegetables.

Question 49

Chromium makes up approximately 60 percent of an individual's thyroid hormones.

Question 50

Dehydration can result if too much water and sodium have been lost from the body.

Question 51

The hormone that directs the kidneys to reduce water loss from the body by reducing urine output is thyroid hormone.

Question 52

Osteopenia is characterized by a lower bone density than occurs in osteoporosis.

Question 53

Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder in which dietary iron absorption is severely reduced.

Question 54

In general, hypertension is characterized by having a diastolic pressure above 120 and a systolic pressure above 80.

Question 55

Both magnesium and chromium may play roles in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Question 56

Over time, a low- calcium diet may increase your risk of osteoporosis.

Question 57

Selenium is a component of selenoproteins, which can function as antioxidants.

Question 58

Minerals that are important in fluid balance are called antidiuretics.

Question 59

Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium.

Question 60

Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can inhibit the absorption of magnesium.

Question 61

In one study, individuals who drank water with high levels of manganese experienced symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease.

Question 62

If a person weighs less after an activity than before, the weight change is due to loss of body fat.

Question 63

Women with a higher body weight are more susceptible to bone fractures than those with a lower body weight.

Question 64

The degree to which a nutrient in food is available for absorption by the body is known as its biodegradability.

Question 65

Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in your body, after calcium.

Question 66

The inorganic form of arsenic is poisonous to humans.

Question 67

Excessive alcohol consumption can increase bone density because it promotes the formation of new bone by decreasing the loss of calcium and promoting the activation of vitamin D.

Question 68

Calcium supplements are warranted for all age groups because a normal diet will not provide adequate amounts of calcium.

Question 69

Although the majority of water intake is through food and beverages, a small amount of water is also generated during metabolism.

Question 70

Research has confirmed that taking zinc can reduce the severity and duration of the common cold.

Question 71

Smokers absorb less calcium than nonsmokers.

Question 72

The movement of water across the cell membrane is called osmosis.

Question 73

A selenium deficiency can result in selenosis, which damages the heart.

Question 74

The majority of the sodium in the typical American diet comes from processed foods.

Question 75

Keshan disease results from eating foods grown in selenium- rich soils.

Question 76

Drinking orange juice with poultry decreases the bioavailability of nonheme iron in the poultry.

Question 77

The main function of iodine is to increase insulin's effectiveness in cells.

Question 78

Sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium are all considered major minerals.

Question 79

The intake of too much fluoride can cause fluorosis, which creates teeth that are extremely resistant to caries but unappealing in appearance.

Question 80

Magnesium is the most abundant mineral in the body.