Deck 5: Fats, Oils, and Other Lipids

Question 1

Chylomicrons transports lipids via which body system?

A) lymphatic system
B) cardiovascular system
C) integumentary system
D) endocrine system

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the maximum number of grams of fat that can be consumed by a person who eats 2,400 calories per day and wants no more than 30 percent of her calories to be from fat?

A) 720
B) 100
C) 80
D) 30

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following benefits is associated with omega- 3 fatty acids?

A) reduction of atherosclerosis
B) lowering of blood pressure
C) prevention of an irregular heart beat
D) All the answers are correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following substances is not a lipoprotein?

A) VLDL
B) LDL
C) chylomicron
D) micelle

Question 5

Which of the following does not raise HDL cholesterol?

A) eating more fiber
B) getting regular exercise
C) losing weight
D) quitting smoking

Question 6

Which of the following lipids is a precursor for both vitamin D and testosterone?

A) alpha- linolenic acid
B) cholesterol
C) saturated fat
D) eicosanoids

Question 7

The phosphate- containing head of a phospholipid attracts water and is thus said to be

A) hydrophobic.
B) polar.
C) nonpolar.
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding trans fats is correct?

A) Their consumption raises LDL levels and lowers HDL levels.
B) Their consumption raises blood pressure.
C) Their consumption raises triglyceride levels and lowers LDL levels.
D) Their consumption raises both LDL levels and HDL levels.

Question 9

Lipids contain all the following elements except

A) nitrogen.
B) oxygen.
C) carbon.
D) hydrogen.

Question 10

Sterol has four connecting rings made of which of the following elements?

A) carbon and hydrogen
B) hydrogen and oxygen
C) calcium and hydrogen
D) carbon and oxygen

Question 11

Which of the following terms encompasses all of the other listed terms?

A) HDL
B) VLDL
C) LDL
D) lipoprotein

Question 12

Which of the following substances has the FDA mandated be added to foods containing olestra?

A) vitamins C and K
B) zinc and calcium
C) fat- soluble vitamins
D) water

Question 13

A fatty acid that has a single double bond is called a

A) monounsaturated fatty acid.
B) polyunsaturated fatty acid.
C) saturated fatty acid.
D) unsaturated fatty acid.

Question 14

Which of the following lipoproteins has the highest cholesterol content?

A) chylomicron
B) HDL
C) LDL
D) VLDL

Question 15

High levels of C- reactive protein in the blood indicate that

A) a person's HDL will rise in the next few weeks.
B) a person's risk of type 2 diabetes is low.
C) a person needs to consume more linoleic acid.
D) there is inflammation in the walls of the arteries.

Question 16

Fat is the common name for which of the following substances?

A) cholesterol
B) phospholipids
C) triglycerides
D) sterols

Question 17

Which of the following substances is a saturated fatty acid?

A) linoleic acid
B) stearic acid
C) alpha- linolenic acid
D) oleic acid

Question 18

Of the following actions, the most effective way to improve HDL cholesterol levels is to

A) drink green tea.
B) engage in routine exercise.
C) lower polyunsaturated fat intake.
D) lower saturated fat intake.

Question 19

What percent of total calories should come from linoleic acid?

A) 5 to 10 percent
B) 6 to 12 percent
C) 0.6 to 1.2 percent
D) 0.5 to 1 percent

Question 20

Sterols contain how many glycerol and fatty acid groups?

A) 0
B) 3
C) 5
D) 2

Question 21

HDLs remove cholesterol from the cells and deliver it to the

A) liver.
B) gall bladder.
C) pancreas.
D) heart.

Question 22

Which of the following lipids do not contain a glycerol backbone?

A) monoglycerides
B) sterols
C) phospholipids
D) triglycerides

Question 23

Syndrome X includes all following conditions except

A) abdominal obesity.
B) elevated levels of HDL cholesterol.
C) high blood pressure.
D) too much insulin in the blood.

Question 24

Which of the following substances is a major component of cell membranes?

A) phospholipids
B) triglycerides
C) cholesterol
D) sterols

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding phytosterols is incorrect?

A) They are found in plant cell membranes.
B) They are found naturally in many vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds.
C) They compete with cholesterol for absorption in the intestinal tract.
D) They raise LDL cholesterol levels as much as saturated fats do.

Question 26

Which of the following actions likely has the smallest impact on your LDL cholesterol level?

A) trans fat intake
B) dietary cholesterol intake
C) saturated fat intake
D) They all have equal impact.

Question 27

Which of the following substances is not an eicosanoid?

A) prostaglandins
B) leukotrienes
C) cholesterol
D) thromboxanes

Question 28

The two essential fatty acids are

A) linoleic acid and alpha- linolenic acid.
B) cholesterol and trans fatty acids.
C) PUFAs and MUFAs.
D) monoglycerides and diglycerides.

Question 29

Which of the following types of lipoprotein contains the highest percentage of protein?

A) LDL
B) HDL
C) chylomicron
D) VLDL

Question 30

The hydrogenation of an unsaturated fatty acid produces trans fatty acids.

Question 31

Which of the following foods should provide the majority of fat in the Mediterranean diet?

A) eggs
B) dairy
C) cheese
D) olive oil and olives

Question 32

Which of the following lipoproteins delivers fat made in the liver to the tissues?

A) HDL
B) LDL
C) VLDL
D) chylomicron

Question 33

The energy content of fat is calories per gram.

A) 11
B) 9
C) 4
D) 7

Question 34

Which of the following substances is produced by hydrogenating an unsaturated fatty acid?

A) a polyunsaturated fatty acid
B) a trans fatty acid
C) a saturated fatty acid
D) a monounsaturated fatty acid

Question 35

Which of the following markers in the blood is not a sign of heart disease?

A) low levels of C- reactive protein
B) high homocysteine levels
C) elevated apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels
D) high LDL levels

Question 36

Which of the following is not a component of arterial plaque?

A) foam cells
B) calcium
C) platelets
D) fluoride

Question 37

The decrease in estrogen in postmenopausal women plays a part in the increased risk of heart disease in older women.

Question 38

Phospholipids are made up of how many fatty acid chains?

A) 4
B) 3
C) 2
D) 1

Question 39

Which of the following types of seafood should pregnant women not consume?

A) swordfish
B) flatfish
C) cod
D) scallops

Question 40

The current AMDR recommendation for fat in the American diet is

A) 20 to 35 percent.
B) 10 to 15 percent.
C) 35 to 50 percent.
D) 25 to 30 percent.

Question 41

The lipid bilayer of cell membranes is primarily made up of phospholipids.

Question 42

DHA and EPA are omega- 6 fatty acids that are found in fish and are protective against heart disease and stroke.

Question 43

LDL is a type of lipoprotein that carries digested fat from the GI tract through the lymphatic system.

Question 44

VLDL is a lipoprotein that delivers fat made in the liver to various tissues.

Question 45

Lipids are hydrophilic, which means they do not dissolve in water.

Question 46

The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid recommends eating red meat only occasionally.

Question 47

Most of the fat in the Mediterranean diet comes from fish oil.

Question 48

Having an HDL level of 40 mg/dl or less is considered a protective factor for heart disease.

Question 49

Fatty acids consist of a chain of carbon and nitrogen atoms with an acid group at one end.

Question 50

Unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature because they pack together more tightly than saturated fatty acids.

Question 51

Naturally occurring sterols found in plants are called phytosterols.

Question 52

More women in the United States die each year from breast cancer than from heart disease.

Question 53

The heart, liver, and resting muscles prefer fat as their fuel source, which spares glucose to be used by the nervous system and by red blood cells.

Question 54

Metabolic syndrome and syndrome X are two names for the same syndrome.

Question 55

When describing lipids, the term hydrophobic means that they can readily dissolve in water.

Question 56

Having type 1 diabetes is a preventable risk factor for heart disease.

Question 57

Carbohydrate- based fat substitutes use plant polysaccharides to help retain moisture and provide a fatlike texture.

Question 58

Green tea is high in catechins (a flavonoid), which are antioxidants.

Question 59

Lecithin is a phospholipid that is used as an emulsifier in many foods.

Question 60

A diet that limits unsaturated fat and trans fat can reduce your risk of heart disease.

Question 61

Your body needs cholesterol as the precursor for vitamin A, bile acids, and sex hormones.

Question 62

Eating an egg a day may not be associated with an increased risk of heart disease in healthy individuals.

Question 63

High blood cholesterol levels can be partly determined by your genetic makeup.

Question 64

Real butter has less trans fat than stick margarine.

Question 65

All fat- free foods are healthy for you.

Question 66

Americans eat more fat now than they did 50 years ago.

Question 67

Fat- free versions of cookies always have fewer calories than their full- fat counterparts.

Question 68

Long- chained fatty acids are not absorbed into the bloodstream directly and must be transported by carriers called chylomicrons.

Question 69

Trans fats raise LDL and do not affect HDL levels.

Question 70

Normal blood pressure is considered more than 120 mm/Hg for the systolic pressure and more than 80 mm/Hg for the diastolic pressure.

Question 71

Sterols contain glycerol or fatty acids.

Question 72

Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are called oils.

Question 73

It is recommended that you consume at least one serving of fish per week to obtain the necessary omega- 3 fatty acids.

Question 74

Triglycerides contain a glycerol backbone attached to four fatty acids.

Question 75

The type of lipoprotein made in the liver to transport just- eaten fat is the chylomicron.

Question 76

The greater the amount of cholesterol, the higher the density of the transport carrier.

Question 77

Carriers that transport fat and cholesterol in the blood and lymph are known as lipoproteins.

Question 78

Lecithin and bile are examples of emulsifiers.

Question 79

The primary risk factor for heart disease is an elevated LDL cholesterol level.

Question 80

High blood levels of cholesterol and fat are among the likely contributors to atherosclerosis.