Deck 6: Proteins and Amino Acids

Question 1

Proteins that minimize fluctuations in pH are known as

A) hormones.
B) antibodies.
C) enzymes.
D) buffers.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A diet that is too high in protein can increase the risk for all of the following conditions except

A) PKU.
B) osteoporosis.
C) heart disease.
D) kidney stones.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An overweight individual's protein needs are

A) much greater than those of a normal- weight person of similar height.
B) twice that of a normal- weight person of similar height.
C) not much greater than those of a normal- weight person of similar height.
D) lower than those of a normal- weight person of similar height.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Isoflavones have a chemical structure similar to

A) antibodies.
B) progesterone.
C) collagen.
D) estrogen.

Question 5

An amino acid that can be synthesized in the body is considered to be

A) nonessential.
B) complementary.
C) essential.
D) conditional.

Question 6

The nitrogen removed from an amino acid generates ammonia, which is converted to and excreted in the urine.

A) protein
B) urea
C) carbon
D) sodium

Question 7

Denaturation of a protein results in

A) tighter folding of the protein.
B) alterations in the protein's function.
C) binding of amino acids.
D) the removal of amino acids.

Question 8

Children with kwashiorkor typically have a diet that is high in carbohydrates and extremely low in.

A) protein.
B) fats.
C) calcium.
D) glucose.

Question 9

The condition characterized by a severe deficiency of calories is known as

A) marasmus.
B) marasmic kwashiorkor.
C) kwashiorkor.
D) edema.

Question 10

What is the approximate protein requirement for a 24- year- old female who weighs 125 pounds?

A) 45 gram
B) 48 grams
C) 56 grams
D) 35 grams

Question 11

Which of the following factors does not lead to PEM?

A) poor food quality
B) obesity
C) poverty
D) not being breast- fed long enough

Question 12

Which of the following food pairings is more likely to be an example of combining two incomplete proteins to achieve protein complementation?

A) grape and apple in a fruit salad
B) a ham and cheese omelet
C) steak and eggs
D) vegetables and rice

Question 13

Which foods are most likely missing when a person is on a high- protein, low- carbohydrate diet?

A) fish
B) fruits
C) poultry
D) dairy

Question 14

Amino acids are joined together by which kind of bond?

A) glucogenic bond
B) peptide bond
C) hydrogen bond
D) glycosidic bond

Question 15

A person fighting a fever would be in nitrogen balance.

A) double- negative
B) positive
C) equal
D) negative

Question 16

The most abundant protein in the body is

A) hemoglobin.
B) phenylalanine.
C) asparagine.
D) collagen.

Question 17

A rare genetic disorder, phenylketonuria (PKU), is caused by the body's inability to properly degrade

A) ketones.
B) lysine.
C) valine.
D) phenylalanine.

Question 18

Proteins that act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions are

A) buffers.
B) hormones.
C) enzymes.
D) antibodies.

Question 19

Which of the following foods has the lowest protein content?

A) 1 oz. cheese
B) 1/2 cup pasta
C) 1/2 cup cooked broccoli
D) 1 cup melon

Question 20

A study of Chinese women revealed that those who ate the most during their adolescent years had a reduced risk of breast cancer in adulthood.

A) rice
B) broccoli
C) fish
D) soy

Question 21

The molecule that directs protein synthesis in cells is

A) tRNA.
B) mRNA.
C) DNA.
D) pepsin.

Question 22

The iron and zinc needs of vegetarians tend to be higher than those of nonvegetarians, in part due to in grains, which inhibits the absorption of zinc and iron from foods.

A) phytate
B) beta- carotene
C) polyphenols
D) fiber

Question 23

Which of the following states of nitrogen balance is a pregnant woman typically in?

A) negative nitrogen balance
B) positive nitrogen balance
C) nitrogen equilibrium
D) double- positive nitrogen balance

Question 24

A gram of protein contains calories.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 3
D) 4

Question 25

Individuals 18 years of age and younger should consume grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight.

A) 0.75
B) 0.80
C) 0.90
D) 0.85

Question 26

Which of the following amino acids was once thought to be essential only for infants?

A) alanine
B) histidine
C) asparagine
D) phenylalanine

Question 27

The absorption of amino acids occurs in the

A) small intestine.
B) stomach.
C) large intestine.
D) mouth.

Question 28

The amino acid that is in the shortest supply in an incomplete protein is known as the

A) completed amino acid.
B) profile amino acid.
C) scarce amino acid.
D) limiting amino acid.

Question 29

A diet high in and low in calcium may lead to osteoporosis.

A) fats
B) nitrogen
C) protein
D) carbohydrates

Question 30

The most common inherited blood disorder in the United States is

A) pernicious anemia.
B) iron- deficient anemia.
C) PKU.
D) sickle- cell anemia.

Question 31

The average adult (age 19 and older) should consume how many grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight (g/kg)?

A) 1.8
B) 8.0
C) 0.6
D) 0.8

Question 32

The type of RNA that carries an amino acid to a ribosome is

A) rRNA.
B) dRNA.
C) mRNA.
D) tRNA.

Question 33

Proteins can be denatured or rendered inactive by which of the following factors?

A) carbohydrates
B) cold
C) fats
D) acids

Question 34

An ovo- vegetarian will eat all of the following foods except

A) bagels.
B) cheese.
C) apples.
D) an omelet.

Question 35

A starving person would be in _ nitrogen balance.

A) excessive
B) equal
C) positive
D) negative

Question 36

Digestion of protein within the stomach begins with the enzyme

A) pepsin.
B) protease.
C) pepsinogen.
D) trypsinogen.

Question 37

A classic symptom of severe kwashiorkor is of the legs, feet, and stomach.

A) edema
B) hirsutism
C) necrosis
D) redness

Question 38

When a diet is chronically low in both proteins and calories, the condition is called

A) edema.
B) osteoporosis.
C) PDCAAS.
D) PEM.

Question 39

The biggest risk for vegetarians is not consuming enough

A) vitamin C.
B) vitamin B6.
C) vitamin B12.
D) vitamin B3.

Question 40

Compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in all living cells are called

A) proteins.
B) dipeptides.
C) peptones.
D) peptides.

Question 41

A vegan diet excludes which of the following foods?

A) soy
B) whole grains
C) any foods of animal origin
D) seeds

Question 42

A ribosome builds a chain of amino acids in the proper sequence.

Question 43

RNA contains the genetic information for the cell.

Question 44

A protein is considered a complete protein if it contains all eleven nonessential amino acids and some of the nine essential amino acids.

Question 45

After a meal, proteins help increase more than do either carbohydrates or fat.

A) hunger
B) thirst
C) satiety
D) nausea

Question 46

The protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes into account both the amino acid profile and the of a protein.

A) limits
B) completeness
C) quality
D) digestibility

Question 47

Which of the following molecules is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues?

A) antibody
B) collagen
C) insulin
D) hemoglobin

Question 48

Whole- wheat bread contains complete proteins.

Question 49

The composition of amino acids in a protein is called the amino acid profile.

Question 50

Complemented proteins result from the combination of two incomplete proteins.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about soy is correct?

A) It is increasingly rejected by vegetarians as part of their diet.
B) Its popularity is decreasing in the United States.
C) It is a low- quality protein source that is high in saturated fat.
D) It may be harmful for individuals at high risk of developing breast cancer.

Question 52

Consuming too much of any one amino acid in protein supplements can impede absorption of other amino acids in the intestinal tract.

Question 53

A vegetarian diet has not been shown to lower the risk for which of the following diseases?

A) heart disease
B) type 2 diabetes
C) certain types of cancer
D) colds

Question 54

It is recommended that you consume from 10 to percent of your total daily calories from protein.

A) 30
B) 25
C) 35
D) 15

Question 55

Which of the following conditions is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein?

A) kwashiorkor
B) marasmus
C) obesity
D) type 2 diabetes

Question 56

An RNA segment that codes for a specific protein is a gene.

Question 57

The type of RNA that collects the amino acids needed to make a protein is called mRNA.

Question 58

According to the NIH, approximately one in twelve African Americans and one in 100 Asians are carriers of the mutated gene that causes sickle- cell anemia.

Question 59

All excess calories are stored as

A) protein.
B) collagen.
C) plaque.
D) fat.

Question 60

A gene is a segment of that codes for a specific protein.

A) protein
B) ribosome
C) DNA
D) RNA

Question 61

Plant proteins may be less digestible, especially when eaten raw.

Question 62

Enzymes are biological catalysts that slow down reactions.

Question 63

The type of RNA that copies information in a DNA molecule is called tRNA.

Question 64

When amino acids are broken down, they lose their amine groups.

Question 65

The PDCAAS is a measure of protein quantity.

Question 66

The absorption of zinc is inhibited by animal protein.

Question 67

Once DNA leaves the nucleus, mRNA copies of it are made and brought to a ribosome.

Question 68

Vegetarians can consume adequate protein only by eating a variety of vegetables and fish.

Question 69

A typical healthy adult is normally in a state of positive nitrogen balance.

Question 70

A high- protein diet has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease.

Question 71

Some nonessential amino acids can become conditionally essential if the body cannot make them because of bouts of illness.

Question 72

Vitamin A is found only in animal foods, but vegetarians can meet their needs by consuming its precursor, beta- carotene.

Question 73

Proteins that bind to and neutralize pathogens in your body are called antibodies.

Question 74

Numerous research studies have shown that bones lose calcium when a person's diet is too high in protein.

Question 75

Proteins within the body help to maintain fluid balance but not acid- base balance.

Question 76

People with marasmus are starving.

Question 77

Children with kwashiorkor have a difficult (if not impossible) time fighting infections.

Question 78

During periods of starvation, the carbon skeletons of amino acids are used for energy and for gluconeogenesis.

Question 79

Hemoglobin acts as a transport protein that carries nitrogen to cells from the lungs.

Question 80

Isoflavones are weak estrogens that naturally occur in plants.