Deck 3: The Basics of Digestion

Question 1

Which of the following functions is the "sloshing" motion that thoroughly mixes chyme with the chemical secretions in the small intestine?

A) pendular movement
B) absorption
C) segmentation
D) peristalsis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following actions does not occur in the colon?

A) absorption of water
B) absorption of the majority of nutrients
C) absorption of electrolytes
D) production of some vitamins

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Bicarbonate is secreted by the and functions to _.

A) pancreas; raise pH by neutralizing the acidity of chyme
B) stomach; activate enzymes that begin protein digestion
C) liver; regulate digestive activity and increase peristalsis
D) gallbladder; emulsify fat

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following courses of action would not be helpful to someone with chronic heartburn?

A) avoiding lying down after meals
B) drinking milk with your meals
C) avoiding drinking alcohol
D) eating smaller meals

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the digestive process is incorrect?

A) The large intestine is where water is reabsorbed.
B) Both the small intestine and the large intestine contain villi for absorption.
C) Chyme passes from the stomach to the small intestine.
D) Bacteria in the colon play a role in producing biotin and vitamin K.

Question 6

Bile is released into the in response to the ingestion of fat.

A) pancreas
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine

Question 7

Which of the following actions is not appropriate for relieving constipation?

A) eating more fiber
B) using a stool softener
C) drinking fewer fluids
D) exercising more

Question 8

Hydrochloric acid has all the following digestive functions except

A) destruction of some ingested microorganisms.
B) breakdown of connective tissue in meat.
C) raising the pH of the stomach contents.
D) activation of the enzyme pepsin.

Question 9

Which of the following processes is not involved in absorbing digested nutrients after they reach the small intestine?

A) passive diffusion
B) active transport
C) exocytosis
D) facilitated diffusion

Question 10

During digestion, the blood picks up nutrients absorbed through the GI tract and transports them to the

A) heart.
B) brain.
C) lungs.
D) liver.

Question 11

Bile

A) emulsifies fat.
B) signals the brain to stimulate hunger.
C) neutralizes HCl in chyme.
D) digests protein.
E) stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

Question 12

The produces bile, whereas the _ _ stores it.

A) gallbladder; pancreas
B) pancreas; bladder
C) gallbladder; liver
D) liver; gallbladder

Question 13

Which of the following processes occurs in the stomach?

A) HCl production
B) production of most digestive enzymes
C) bile production
D) bile storage

Question 14

The release of the hormone ghrelin

A) stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
B) signals an increase in peristalsis.
C) stimulates hunger.
D) induces sweating.

Question 15

All of the following enzymes digest proteins except

A) trypsin.
B) chymotrypsin.
C) carboxypeptidase.
D) amylase.

Question 16

Which of the following processes occurs in the esophagus?

A) fat emulsification
B) bile production
C) protein absorption
D) movement of food to the stomach

Question 17

Which of the following is likely not a component in feces?

A) sucrose
B) sloughed- off gastrointestinal cells
C) undigested fiber
D) bacteria

Question 18

Which of the following processes is not involved in mechanical digestion?

A) chewing
B) peristaltic movement of food
C) enzymes
D) grinding

Question 19

Which of the following body systems eliminates waste from the circulatory system?

A) digestive system
B) lymphatic system
C) excretory system
D) nervous system

Question 20

Which of the following secretions raises pH and neutralizes stomach acid?

A) saliva
B) HCl
C) bile
D) bicarbonate

Question 21

Which of the following statements regarding saliva is false?

A) It helps dissolve small food particles.
B) It provides the enzyme that begins protein digestion.
C) It allows us to comfortably swallow dry food.
D) We each produce 1 to 1.5 liters every day.

Question 22

All of the following actions aid in digestion except

A) setting aside time to eat.
B) eating and drinking quickly.
C) getting plenty of fiber and fluids.
D) thoroughly chewing food.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about the small intestine is false?

A) It produces digestive secretions.
B) It contains villi.
C) It absorbs most nutrients.
D) It absorbs water.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a role of the lymphatic system?

A) maintaining the internal fluid environment
B) aiding your immune system
C) transporting digested fat from the GI tract to your blood
D) transporting water- soluble vitamins from the GI tract to your blood

Question 25

Shock- wave therapy may be useful in treating which of the following disorders?

A) irritable bowel syndrome
B) colon cancer
C) gallstones
D) diarrhea

Question 26

Cholecystokinin

A) stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
B) signals the brain to stimulate hunger.
C) neutralizes HCl in chyme.
D) emulsifies fat.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin?

A) contribution to meal satisfaction
B) stimulation of the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes
C) stimulation of the secretion of hydrochloric acid
D) control of the pace of digestion

Question 28

The sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine is the

A) lower esophageal sphincter.
B) upper sphincter.
C) ileocecal sphincter.
D) pyloric sphincter.

Question 29

Which of the following processes occurs in the pancreas?

A) bicarbonate production
B) movement of food to the stomach
C) HCl production
D) bile storage

Question 30

Which of the following processes occurs in the gallbladder?

A) production of most digestive enzymes
B) bile storage
C) HCl production
D) movement of food to the stomach

Question 31

Which of the following foods should be avoided by a person with celiac disease?

A) broccoli
B) eggs
C) milk
D) pasta

Question 32

Which of the following will not generally cause diarrhea?

A) low fiber intake
B) contaminated water
C) some microorganisms
D) stress

Question 33

Which of the following enzymes is mismatched with the substances on which it acts?

A) trypsin; starches
B) lipase; fats
C) chymotrypsin; proteins
D) amylase; carbohydrates

Question 34

The majority of digestion occurs in the

A) large intestine.
B) stomach.
C) mouth.
D) small intestine.

Question 35

Which of the following processes occurs in the liver?

A) production of most digestive enzymes
B) bile storage
C) HCl production
D) bile production

Question 36

Food high in which of the following substances leaves the stomach first?

A) protein
B) fiber
C) fats
D) carbohydrates

Question 37

Which of the following statements about irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is false?

A) "Bowel" in IBS refers to the colon.
B) Symptoms include alternating patterns of diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.
C) Excessive fiber in the diet is suspected as a cause.
D) Stress management is an important part of treatment.

Question 38

Enzymes from the are responsible for the digestion of almost all the fat, half the protein, and half the carbohydrates you eat.

A) liver
B) stomach
C) pancreas
D) gallbladder

Question 39

The condition that causes the lining of the small intestine to flatten in response to gluten ingestion is

A) GERD.
B) gallstones.
C) celiac disease.
D) irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 40

The hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid is

A) gastrin.
B) pepsin.
C) bile.
D) bicarbonate.

Question 41

The only function of microvilli is to secrete digestive enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.

Question 42

Pepsin and gastrin are produced in the stomach.

Question 43

Which of the following lists of structures correctly sequences the segments of the small intestine?

A) ileum; duodenum; colon
B) duodenum; ileum; jejunum
C) duodenum; jejunum; ileum
D) jejunum; ileum; duodenum

Question 44

The sphincter at the lower end of the stomach is the ileocecal sphincter.

Question 45

Digestion converts whole foods into individual nutrients that can be used by the body's cells.

Question 46

Under normal conditions, you digest and absorb 80 to 87 percent of the nutrients from your food.

Question 47

The stomach produces mucus, which acts as a barrier to protect the stomach lining from irritation or damage from hydrochloric acid.

Question 48

The nervous system's role in nutrition is to signal when to eat and drink and when to stop.

Question 49

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) storing glycogen
B) producing bile
C) detoxifying alcohol
D) producing insulin

Question 50

Insulin is the enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates into glucose.

Question 51

Celiac disease is a disorder of the stomach that involves the inability to digest the protein gluten.

Question 52

When you are hungry, the hormone ghrelin signals your brain to stimulate hunger.

Question 53

Probiotics are live microorganisms, usually bacteria, mainly found in meats.

Question 54

The secretion that raises pH and neutralizes stomach acid in chyme as it leaves the stomach is bile.

Question 55

Gallstones are small, hard, crystalline structures that form in the gallbladder when bile is abnormally thin.

Question 56

Fat- soluble vitamins and fat leave the intestinal tract in the blood.

Question 57

The over- the- counter weight- loss aid Alli (orlistat) prevents lipase from breaking down dietary fat in the small intestines.

Question 58

Heartburn may result if the pyloric sphincter allows food to flow back into the esophagus from the stomach.

Question 59

The GI tract is nearly 30 feet long in a cadaver; it is significantly longer in a living person.

Question 60

Blood removes excess water and waste products from cells and brings these substances to the liver for excretion.

Question 61

The sphincter between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine is the ileocecal sphincter.

Question 62

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are carried throughout the body primarily by lymph.

Question 63

Bile is made in the pancreas and stored in the gallbladder.

Question 64

The constrictive wave that involves both forward and reverse movements of chyme is referred to as peristalsis.

Question 65

The smell, sight, and taste of food trigger the secretion of chyme.

Question 66

The hormone gastrin is made in the stomach and stimulates the secretion of HCl.

Question 67

Bicarbonate functions as an emulsifier in the duodenum.

Question 68

Finger- like projections on the wall of the small intestine that increase the surface area to enhance nutrient absorption are called microvilli.

Question 69

Cholecystokinin is secreted by intestinal cells to stimulate the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes.

Question 70

The pancreas is connected to the duodenum via the bile duct.

Question 71

Pendular movement, segmentation, and peristalsis move chyme through the small intestine.

Question 72

The enzyme lipase digests fat.

Question 73

Approximately one cup of chyme is released into the small intestine every 30 seconds.

Question 74

Bile is released into the GI tract through a structure called the duodenum.

Question 75

If you eat slowly, you may belch less frequently.

Question 76

Most vitamin production and absorption of water occurs within the first half of the colon.

Question 77

Excess water- soluble vitamins are stored in the liver.

Question 78

Stool is stored in the final part of the large intestine, called the rectum.

Question 79

The ileocecal sphincter prevents backflow of fecal contents from the large intestine into the small intestine.

Question 80

Ingested food that is chewed and mixed with saliva is called a bolus.