Deck 9: The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

Question 1

Where in the cerebral cortex does auditory perception occur?

A)parietal lobe
B)frontal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)occipital lobe
E)corpus callosum

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which cerebral lobe contains the auditory cortex?

A)temporal
B)medial
C)frontal
D)occipital
E)parietal

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of rapid eye movement (REM)sleep?

A)increased parasympathetic activity
B)increased brain activity
C)decreased limbic system activity
D)loss of postural muscle tone
E)illogical and bizarre thoughts

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The lobe contains the primary motor cortex, which initiates movement.

A)occipital lobe : involuntary
B)medial lobe : voluntary
C)temporal lobe : involuntary
D)frontal lobe : voluntary
E)parietal lobe : voluntary

Question 5

Which nerves innervate the anterior thigh?

A)cranial nerves
B)thoracic nerves
C)lumbar nerves
D)sacral nerves
E)cervical nerves

Question 6

How is a reflex that involves signals sent along autonomic sensory nerves classified?

A)visceral
B)spinal
C)cranial
D)somatic
E)innate

Question 7

What area of the brain connects the left and right sides of the brain?

A)projection fibers
B)astrocytes
C)blood- brain barrier
D)corpus callosum
E)association fibers

Question 8

Where in the cerebral cortex do personality traits reside?

A)parietal lobe
B)frontal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)occipital lobe
E)corpus callosum

Question 9

The plays a principle role in establishing the circadian rhythm of the body.

A)putamen
B)caudate nucleus
C)cingulate gyrus
D)globus pallidus
E)suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 10

The region of the brainstem important in the sleep- wake cycle, the arousal of the cerebral cortex, and in consciousness is known as the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)reticular formation.
C)midbrain.
D)pons.
E)corpus callosum.

Question 11

When your mind is "racing" at night and you cannot fall asleep what, region of the brain is keeping you awake?

A)reticular formation
B)cerebellum
C)limbic system
D)pons
E)forebrain

Question 12

Thermoregulatory centers are located in which area of the brain?

A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)basal nuclei
D)corpus callosum
E)cerebellum

Question 13

The primary function of the ventromedial pathways is on the muscles of the

A)knee, ankle, and foot.
B)stomach, back, and buttocks.
C)trunk, neck, and proximal portions of the limb.
D)fingers, wrists, and toes.
E)ears, eyes, and mouth.

Question 14

How is a reflex with which we are born classified?

A)visceral
B)spinal
C)cranial
D)somatic
E)innate

Question 15

Which cranial nerve controls the muscles for chewing?

A)oculomotor
B)trochlear
C)trigeminal
D)abducens
E)glossopharyngeal

Question 16

Which of the following areas of the brain is involved in coordinated movement?

A)brainstem nuclei
B)pineal gland
C)cortex
D)thalamus
E)cerebellum

Question 17

If you tend to remember your dreams, what stage of sleep are you in and what time of the night are the dreams likely occurring?

A)REM sleep and early in the sleep cycle, or just as you make your way into REM sleep
B)REM sleep during the alternating patterns of REM
C)REM sleep and late into the sleep cycle, or prior to waking in the morning
D)slow- wave sleep during stage 1, or just as you fall asleep
E)slow- wave sleep during stage 4, or in deep sleep just before you go into REM sleep

Question 18

What are the fibers that connect the cortical regions on one side of the brain with the corresponding cortical region on the other side of the brain?

A)projection fibers
B)arcuate fasciculi
C)commissural fibers
D)spinothalamic tracts
E)association fibers

Question 19

Which area of the brain is necessary for language expression?

A)Broca's area
B)primary somatosensory cortex
C)primary auditory cortex
D)Wernicke's area
E)basal nuclei

Question 20

What type of glucose transporter is located in the endothelial cells of the blood- brain barrier?

A)GLUT- 1
B)cotransporter with sodium
C)GLUT- 2
D)GLUT- 4
E)countertransporter with sodium

Question 21

A characteristic sign of cerebellar damage which involves a violent shaking motion that becomes worse as the limb gets closer to its target is called a(n)tremor.

A)intention
B)rest
C)kinetic
D)action
E)postural

Question 22

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a function of sleep?

A)to conserve energy
B)mental practicing while dreaming
C)to enhance immune function
D)to facilitate long- term memory
E)to clear short- term memory

Question 23

Which spinal nerves originate in the neck region?

A)thoracic nerves
B)coccygeal nerve
C)sacral nerves
D)cervical nerves
E)lumbar nerves

Question 24

In addition to an increase in sensitivity to glutamate, the binding of large amounts of glutamate to its receptors on the postsynaptic membrane also

A)affects other synapses that are close to the first.
B)can overwhelm the synapse.
C)stimulates the release of a paracrine messenger that further increases glutamate release.
D)directly causes more NMDA channels to open.
E)stimulates presynaptic autoreceptors and enhances its release.

Question 25

Which area of the brain plays an important role in sleep- wake cycles, arousal of the cerebral cortex, and consciousness?

A)reticular formation
B)cerebellum
C)diencephalon
D)frontal lobes
E)temporal lobe

Question 26

What anatomical feature of the brain has a similar function to that of the cerebellum?

A)basal nuclei
B)cingulate gyrus
C)corpus callosum
D)choroid plexus
E)amygdala

Question 27

Afferent and efferent axons travel together in spinal nerves, but they separate into different bundles when they leave and enter the spinal cord. The afferent axons enter the spinal cord via the _ _ root and efferent axons leave the spinal cord via the root.

A)dorsal : ventral
B)canal : spindle
C)ventral : dorsal
D)ascending : descending
E)descending : ascending

Question 28

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A)transmits impulses associated with pain
B)controls the head, neck, and lumbar muscles in order to maintain posture
C)controls muscle tone
D)controls the head so that the eyes can follow and object
E)transmits impulses associated with hearing

Question 29

During an initial interview, a patient tells you that he is having intense bizarre nightmares but awakens spontaneously. What phase of sleep would you tell the physician the patient has described to you?

A)REM sleep
B)stage 4 high- frequency sleep
C)slow- wave sleep (SWS)or non- REM sleep
D)stage 1 high- frequency sleep
E)delta phase sleep

Question 30

This area of the brain is often referred to as the "control center" because it plays an important role in regulating homeostasis. It is involved in hunger, thirst, thermoregulation, and many other important homeostatic measures.

A)limbic system
B)cerebellum
C)thalamus
D)cerebral cortex
E)hypothalamus

Question 31

The lower motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle, and induce them to contract, originate from the

A)basal nuclei.
B)pyramidal tract.
C)dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
D)ventral horn of the spinal cord.
E)motor cortex.

Question 32

Which of the following reflexes is a monosynaptic reflex found in the human body?

A)withdrawal
B)crossed- flexor
C)pupillary light
D)crossed- extensor
E)muscle spindle stretch

Question 33

Which area of the brain contains the ascending reticular activating system?

A)cerebellum
B)hypothalamus
C)brain stem
D)basal nuclei
E)thalamus

Question 34

Which of the following represents the five components of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?

A)sensory receptor, integration center, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, effector organ
B)sensory receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector organ
C)sensory receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector organ
D)integration center, sensory receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, effector organ
E)effector organ, sensory receptor, efferent neuron, afferent neuron, effector organ

Question 35

What area of the brain is often referred to as the "primitive brain" due to its association with very basic human drives such as aggression, fear, and the sense of smell?

A)cerebral cortex
B)cerebellum
C)hypothalamus
D)limbic system
E)thalamus

Question 36

Which of the following does NOT describe a type of reflex that occurred when Pavlov's dogs salivated in response to the ringing of a bell?

A)visceral
B)cranial
C)spinal
D)conditioned
E)polysynaptic

Question 37

The perception of touch sensations begins in which area of the brain?

A)basal nuclei
B)cerebellum
C)limbic system
D)primary motor cortex
E)primary somatosensory cortex

Question 38

Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system create the blood- brain barrier, thereby restricting what type of movement of molecules into the brain?

A)diffusion of lipophilic
B)facilitated diffusion of hydrophobic
C)diffusion of hydrophilic
D)active transport of
E)transcytosis of

Question 39

During rapid eye movement sleep, there is a(n)in frequency of the electroencephalogram and a(n)in arousal threshold.

A)increase : decrease
B)decrease : increase
C)increase : increase
D)decrease : decrease
E)stabilization : decrease

Question 40

What two tracts control skeletal muscle activity?

A)tectospinal and spinothalamic
B)pyramidal and rubrospinal tracts
C)fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus
D)reticular spinal and corticospinal
E)spinocerebellar and spinothalmic

Question 41

What type of glial cell is necessary for normal development of the blood- brain barrier?

A)astrocytes
B)microglia
C)oligodendrocytes
D)Schwann cells
E)ependymal cells

Question 42

What symptom of stroke distinguishes it from other neurological disorders?

A)loss of vision
B)paralysis
C)tingling sensations in the extremities
D)muscle weakness
E)sudden onset

Question 43

Which of the following degrades certain neurotransmitters?

A)microglia
B)Schwann cell
C)astrocyte
D)ependymal cell
E)oligodendrocyte

Question 44

Which of the following is the only glial cell located in the peripheral nervous system?

A)microglia
B)Schwann cell
C)astrocyte
D)ependymal cell
E)oligodendrocyte

Question 45

The increased influx of calcium at a postsynaptic terminal with glutamate receptors

A)activates the NMDA receptor to increase calcium influx.
B)causes a greater release of neurotransmitter from the postsynaptic cell.
C)activates the AMPA receptor to increase sodium influx.
D)activates a protein kinase that phosphorylates the AMPA receptor, making it more sensitive to glutamate.
E)activates a protein kinase that phosphorylates the NMDA receptor, making it more sensitive to glutamate.

Question 46

Which area of the brain provides feedback control of voluntary movement by comparing accomplished movement to planned movement?

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)basal nuclei
D)corpus callosum
E)cerebellum

Question 47

The transitioning of a memory from short term to long term is called

A)plasticity.
B)declaration.
C)consolidation.
D)remembering.
E)memorizing.

Question 48

How is a reflex that requires communication with the brain classified?

A)visceral
B)spinal
C)cranial
D)somatic
E)innate

Question 49

Which of the following enhances the conduction velocity of neurons in the central nervous system?

A)microglia
B)Schwann cell
C)astrocyte
D)ependymal cell
E)oligodendrocyte

Question 50

Which of the following forms myelin in the central nervous system?

A)microglia
B)Schwann cell
C)astrocyte
D)ependymal cell
E)oligodendrocyte

Question 51

Where in the cerebral cortex does visual perception occur?

A)parietal lobe
B)frontal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)occipital lobe
E)corpus callosum

Question 52

Which of the following is a phagocytic cell that protects the central nervous system from pathogens?

A)microglia
B)Schwann cell
C)astrocyte
D)ependymal cell
E)oligodendrocyte

Question 53

The space between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater that contains cerebrospinal fluid is called the

A)interventricular foramen.
B)central canal.
C)choroid plexus.
D)subarachnoid space.
E)ventricle.

Question 54

Which of the following is a descending tract?

A)anterior pyramidal tract
B)spinotectal tract
C)anterior spinothalamic tract
D)dorsal columns
E)lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 55

Which region of the limbic system is primarily involved in the emotion of fear?

A)amygdala
B)thalamus
C)hippocampus
D)fornix
E)cingulate gyrus

Question 56

The ability of the nervous system to alter its anatomy and function in response to changes in its activity pattern is called

A)remembering.
B)declaration.
C)consolidation.
D)plasticity.
E)memorizing.

Question 57

What emotion is the strongest motivation predictor?

A)anger
B)aggression
C)depression
D)fear
E)pleasure

Question 58

Damage to the cerebellum will lead to which of the following symptoms?

A)the generation of clumsy, poorly directed movements
B)an inability to accurately plan a movement
C)the generation of slow, fine movements only
D)a complete inability to move (lack of execution)
E)the generation of movement of large muscle groups only

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of slow- wave sleep?

A)increased parasympathetic activity
B)snoring
C)decreased muscle tone
D)decreased brain activity
E)elaborate and intense dreams

Question 60

Damage to which area of the brain can result in Huntington's chorea or Parkinson's disease?

A)cerebellum
B)basal nuclei
C)corpus callosum
D)hypothalamus
E)thalamus

Question 61

Threading a needle or a fishing hook would involve which of the following tracts?

A)reticulospinal
B)pyramidal
C)tectospinal
D)spinocerebellar
E)vestibulospinal

Question 62

Where in the cerebral cortex do thoughts occur?

A)parietal lobe
B)frontal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)occipital lobe
E)corpus callosum

Question 63

Which cerebral lobe contains the visual cortex?

A)temporal
B)frontal
C)medial
D)occipital
E)parietal

Question 64

Which statement best describes why nicotine should be avoided before going to bed?

A)It binds to receptors in the cerebral cortex, which is involved in wake/sleep cycles.
B)It binds to receptors in the corpus callosum, which stimulates both sides of the brain.
C)Nicotine should not be avoided before bed; it will help relax you before going to sleep.
D)Nicotine mimics acetylcholine, which is associated with the ascending reticular activating system.
E)Nicotine is a depressant and, therefore, negative feedback speeds up your heart and respiratory systems, which keep you from relaxing.

Question 65

In response to stepping on a nail, the crossed- extensor reflex causes

A)extension of the leg on the side of receptor activation.
B)extension of the leg opposite the side of receptor activation.
C)flexion of the leg on the side of receptor activation.
D)flexion of the leg opposite the side of receptor activation.
E)extension of the arm on the side of receptor activation.

Question 66

Hunger and satiety centers are located in which area of the brain?

A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)basal nuclei
D)corpus callosum
E)cerebellum

Question 67

The body surface is mapped into , which are regions that receive sensory information from particular spinal nerves.

A)homunculi
B)reflex arcs
C)dermatomes
D)cortexes
E)motor programs

Question 68

Insulin is known to cross the blood- brain barrier and attach to receptors in the brain. Which statement best describes the function of insulin in the brain?

A)It decreases hunger.
B)It assists in glucose metabolism.
C)It increases hunger.
D)It causes stroke.
E)It signals the brain to release glucagon.

Question 69

Which of the following substances requires mediated transport to cross the blood- brain barrier?

A)oxygen
B)hydrogen ions
C)ethanol
D)glucose
E)carbon dioxide

Question 70

If a bilingual person has a stroke in the language centers of the brain, which statement best describes the likely outcome of recovering one of the languages?

A)The most recently learned language will suffer the greatest unless both languages were learned at about the same time in which case both languages will be equally affected.
B)The most recently learned language will not be affected.
C)The person is most likely to speak both languages within the same sentence.
D)The most recently learned language will suffer the greatest deficit.
E)If both languages were learned at about the same time, then the two languages will be equally affected.

Question 71

The crossed- extensor reflex is initiated by activation of what type of receptor?

A)warm receptor
B)nociceptor
C)muscle spindle stretch receptor
D)photoreceptor
E)taste receptor

Question 72

Which cranial nerve controls the motor control of swallowing and salivary glands and taste?

A)oculomotor
B)trochlear
C)trigeminal
D)abducens
E)glossopharyngeal

Question 73

Which of the following would consist of white matter?

A)dorsal columns of the spinal cord
B)cerebral cortex
C)basal nuclei
D)dorsal horn of the spinal cord
E)ventral horn of the spinal cord

Question 74

A new mother is visiting the pediatrician because her baby is sleeping up to 17 hours a day. She jokes with the doctor that her husband, who is quite older than she, sleeps only 5 hours a day and seems fully rested. Which of the following would be the most likely response from the physician?

A)"I will refer you to a sleep center as both your baby and husband need to be evaluated for sleep disorders."
B)"The normal sleep cycle is 8 hours. We need to hospitalize your baby for observation."
C)"Your baby is sleeping too much, but since your husband is up, have him play with the baby."
D)"Your baby is fine. It is normal for babies to sleep up to 17 hours a day. By the way, it is also normal for older adults to need less sleep as they age."
E)"Your baby is fine. It is normal for babies to sleep up to 17 hours a day. However, you probably need to send your husband to a doctor since a person needs to sleep at least 8 hours a day."

Question 75

Which of the following characteristics is NOT a specialization of the right side of the cerebrum in most individuals?

A)artistic qualities
B)musical
C)logic
D)creativity
E)spatial perception

Question 76

You're interviewing a patient who has recently had a stroke. You ask her to state her name and house address. She appears to understand your question, but when she tries to answer, she stutters and slurs her words, which are not grammatically correct. What type of aphasia is your patient displaying?

A)anomic
B)Wernicke's
C)global
D)isolation
E)Broca's

Question 77

What endocrine gland is attached to the hypothalamus and involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms?

A)pineal gland
B)basal nuclei
C)cingulate nuclei
D)fornix
E)parahippocampal gyri

Question 78

What type of glial cells plays a critical role in maintaining extracellular potassium levels?

A)Schwann cells
B)ependymal cells
C)astrocytes
D)oligodendrocytes
E)microglia

Question 79

The three meninges from neural tissue to bone are

A)dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
B)arachnoid mater, pia mater, and dura mater.
C)pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid mater.
D)dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater.
E)pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater.

Question 80

Huntington's disease is one of the few dominant genetic disorders that causes exaggerated involuntary jerking motions and progressive dementia. What area of the brain is primarily responsible for these symptoms?

A)corpus callosum
B)cingulate gyrus
C)basal nuclei
D)choroid plexus
E)amygdala