Deck 22: The Reproductive System

Question 1

Which of the following contains the srY gene?

A)autosomes
B)haploid
C)sex chromosomes
D)diploid
E)alleles

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium results from

A)trophoblast secretion of endocrine hormones that initiates the decidual response.
B)trophoblast secretion of enzymes and paracrines that initiates the decidual response.
C)trophoblast secretion of paracrines that initiates cell cleavage.
D)blastocoele secretion of paracrines that initiates cell cleavage.
E)blastocoele secretion of paracrines that initiates the decidual response.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What promotes growth of glandular tissue of the breasts?

A)inhibin
B)progesterone
C)FSH
D)LH
E)estrogens

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following stimulates prolactin secretion?

A)progesterone
B)LH
C)estrogens
D)FSH
E)inhibin

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT stimulated by the surge of testosterone that occurs at puberty?

A)increased protein synthesis in muscle
B)secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary
C)spermatogenesis
D)release of gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)
E)secretion of a thick oil by sebaceous glands

Question 6

In what region of the testes are sperm produced?

A)vas deferens
B)rete testes
C)efferent ductules
D)epididymis
E)seminiferous tubules

Question 7

What stimulates gametogenesis in both males and females?

A)FSH
B)inhibin
C)estrogens
D)LH
E)progesterone

Question 8

What does the surge in plasma luteinizing hormone that occurs at the beginning of the luteal phase trigger?

A)development of the corpus luteum only
B)ovulation only
C)stimulation of the first meiotic division only
D)both ovulation and development of the corpus luteum
E)both ovulation and stimulation of the first meiotic division

Question 9

During the follicular phase, estrogen induces the expression of what receptors on granulosa cells?

A)androgen
B)FSH
C)progesterone
D)oxytocin
E)LH

Question 10

What forms the fetal component of the placenta?

A)morula
B)blastocoele
C)chorionic villi
D)inner cell mass

Question 11

As a follicle develops into the Graafian follicle, the continues to increase in size until the fluid's pressure causes the follicle to burst at ovulation.

A)oogonium
B)corona radiata
C)chorion
D)oocyte
E)antrum

Question 12

What releases androgens in females?

A)theca cell
B)Sertoli cell
C)granulosa cell
D)Leydig cell

Question 13

What is the outer layer of the uterus, made up of the peritoneal serous coat supported by a thin layer of connective tissue, called?

A)epimetrium
B)endometrium
C)sarcometrium
D)perimetrium
E)myometrium

Question 14

Abnormally elevated thirst and urination can be signs of what disease that occurs in pregnant women?

A)hyperprolactinemia
B)miscarriage
C)gestational diabetes
D)placental insufficiency
E)ectopic pregnancy

Question 15

The diploid, fertilized ovum is called a(n)

A)blastula.
B)morula.
C)polar body.
D)zygote.
E)fetus.

Question 16

The erectile tissue increases during sexual arousal, causing the penis to become erect.

A)contraction of the
B)reduction of blood pressure within the
C)tightening of the connective tissue within the
D)amount of
E)volume of blood within the

Question 17

Which of the following prevents polyspermy?

A)sealing of the corona radiata and release of toxins to sperm by the fertilized ovum
B)inactivation of sperm- binding proteins in the zona pellucida and release of toxins to sperm by the fertilized ovum
C)release of toxins to sperm by the fertilized ovum and hardening of the zona pellucida
D)sealing of the corona radiata and hardening of the zona pellucida
E)inactivation of sperm- binding proteins in the zona pellucida and hardening of the zona pellucida

Question 18

What are the X and Y chromosomes known as?

A)haploid
B)sex chromosomes
C)diploid
D)autosomes
E)alleles

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct association between an oocyte's development and the follicular structure containing it?

A)primordial follicle - primary oocyte
B)primordial follicle - ovum
C)Graafian follicle - oogonia
D)Graafian follicle - secondary oocyte
E)Graafian follicle - primary oocyte

Question 20

What hormone(s)is/are secreted by the corpus luteum?

A)estrogens only
B)progesterone only
C)inhibin only
D)both progesterone and estrogens
E)progesterone, estrogens, and inhibin

Question 21

The mixture of sperm with fluid from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland is called

A)micturition.
B)insemination.
C)semen.
D)erection.
E)ejaculation.

Question 22

What provides nutrients to the developing gamete via gap junctions?

A)Sertoli cell
B)granulosa cell
C)Leydig cell
D)theca cell

Question 23

During sex differentiation, the presence of what stimulates the development of the Wolffian duct?

A)testosterone
B)estrogen
C)MIS
D)inhibin
E)progesterone

Question 24

What is the function of Leydig cells?

A)secrete androgens only
B)secrete Müllerian inhibiting substance only
C)provide nutrients for developing sperm only
D)both secrete androgens and provide nutrients for developing sperm
E)secrete androgens, provide nutrients for developing sperm, and secrete Müllerian inhibiting substance

Question 25

What is the function of androgen- binding protein?

A)maintain steady levels of androgens in the lumen of seminiferous tubules
B)provide positive feedback for the release of luteinizing hormone
C)transport androgens in blood
D)transport androgens across the blood- testis barrier
E)provide negative feedback for the release of follicle stimulating hormone

Question 26

The in secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH)and follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH)during pregnancy is regulated primarily by .

A)increase : oxytocin
B)decrease : progesterone
C)decrease : human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
D)decrease : estrogen
E)decrease : gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 27

During ovulation, how is an oocyte released by the ovary?

A)diapedesis
B)primary active transport
C)exocytosis
D)margination
E)The follicle with the oocyte is pressed tight against the ovary wall and bursts.

Question 28

A follicle in its earliest stage of development is called a and contains a(n).

A)primary follicle : primary oocyte
B)Graafian follicle : oogonia
C)Graafian follicle : primary oocyte
D)primordial follicle : oogonia
E)primordial follicle : primary oocyte

Question 29

, the general term for the primary reproductive organs, are responsible for the secretion of in females.

A)Ovaries : estrogens (estradiol)and progesterone
B)Testes : androgens (testosterone)
C)Ovaries : androgens (testosterone)
D)Gonads : androgens (testosterone)
E)Gonads : estrogens (estradiol)and progesterone

Question 30

The changes in the uterus that occur during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle are mediated by

A)increased progesterone from the corpus luteum.
B)increased estrogen from the ovaries.
C)increased progesterone from the ovaries.
D)decreased estrogen from the adrenal cortex.
E)increased estrogen from the adrenal cortex.

Question 31

The absence of in the fetus will further the development of the into the female reproductive tract.

A)androgens : Wolffian ducts
B)Wolffian inhibiting substance : Wolffian ducts
C)Müllerian inhibiting substance : Müllerian ducts
D)Müllerian promoting substance : Wolffian ducts
E)androgens : Müllerian ducts

Question 32

Each ova is embedded within a with only a small proportion advancing beyond the .

A)theca : granulosa stage
B)granulosa : primordial follicle
C)follicle : granulosa stage
D)follicle : thecal stage
E)follicle : primordial follicle

Question 33

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, one follicle (the dominant follicle)will continue to develop because its cells

A)are no longer able to secrete estrogen.
B)have a diminished response to follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH).
C)no longer respond to FSH.
D)are unresponsive to luteinizing hormone (LH).
E)maintain estrogen secretion in the face of falling FSH levels.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby estrogen maintains the body during pregnancy, prepares the body for delivery and for lactation?

A)the development of tissue that carries milk to the nipples
B)the deposition of fatty tissues in the breast
C)the growth of glandular tissue in the breast
D)the secretion of prolactin
E)the growth of uterine smooth muscle cells

Question 35

Chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes are called what?

A)diploid
B)alleles
C)sex chromosomes
D)autosomes
E)haploid

Question 36

How do monozygotic twins develop?

A)splitting of the morula while cells are still totipotent
B)splitting of the blastocyst
C)polyspermy
D)inappropriate implantation of the embryo into the endometrium
E)fertilization of more than one ova

Question 37

The elevated plasma concentration of estrogen early in the luteal phase has little effect on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH)because

A)gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)is reduced.
B)progesterone strongly inhibits LH release.
C)the corpus luteum degenerates.
D)inhibin strongly inhibits LH release.
E)secretin release is inhibited.

Question 38

The hormonal trigger for menstruation involves a

A)drop in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH).
B)reduction of plasma follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH).
C)loss of estrogen secretion from the adrenal cortex.
D)reduction of inhibin secretion.
E)loss of progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum.

Question 39

What is a function of the blood- testes barrier?

A)prevents Rh incompatibilities
B)creates a cooler environment or optimal growth
C)elicits the cremasteric reflex
D)allows easier flow of nutrients
E)isolates the sperm from the body's immune system

Question 40

Where does fertilization usually occur?

A)cervical canal
B)vagina
C)uterus
D)uterine (fallopian)tube
E)ovary

Question 41

Where are spermatogonia located?

A)attached to Leydig cells
B)anywhere within the seminiferous tubules
C)in the epididymis
D)at the basement membrane- Sertoli cell interface
E)on the luminal surface of the Sertoli cell

Question 42

When does the second meiotic division in oogenesis occur?

A)when the ovum has been fertilized
B)when the female reaches puberty
C)when the ovum reaches the uterine tube
D)when the ovum is released from the ovary
E)when stimulated by the first polar body

Question 43

Following implantation, what hormone is released from the chorionic portion of the placenta to maintain corpus luteal secretion of estrogen and progesterone?

A)insulin- like growth hormone
B)FSH
C)inhibin
D)LH
E)hCG

Question 44

What secretes paracrines that support spermatogenesis?

A)Sertoli cell
B)theca cell
C)Leydig cell
D)granulosa cell

Question 45

Which of the following triggers ovulation in females?

A)progesterone
B)LH
C)estrogens
D)inhibin
E)FSH

Question 46

What secretes an alkaline fluid containing fructose, enzymes, and prostaglandins into the ejaculatory duct?

A)Sertoli cell
B)epididymis
C)prostate gland
D)seminal vesicle
E)bulbourethral gland

Question 47

Most of the uterine wall thickness is composed of smooth muscle known as the

A)myometrium.
B)perimetrium.
C)endometrium.
D)parametrium.
E)epimetrium.

Question 48

What stimulates androgen synthesis in both males and females?

A)FSH
B)progesterone
C)estrogens
D)inhibin
E)LH

Question 49

What describes the process where portions of homologous chromosomes exchange segments with one another?

A)homologous exchange
B)meiotic overlap
C)independent assortment
D)clonal exchange
E)crossing over

Question 50

Within the ovaries, each follicle contains

A)two polar bodies and two ova.
B)a single polar body.
C)a single fertilized ovum.
D)a single oocyte.
E)multiple oocytes.

Question 51

Which of the following represents the chromosome number in a zygote?

A)diploid
B)haploid
C)sex chromosomes
D)alleles
E)autosomes

Question 52

When is the second polar body produced?

A)following meiosis I in males
B)following meiosis I in females
C)following meiosis II in males
D)following meiosis II in females
E)following differentiation of cells in the zygote

Question 53

Once diffusion from the endometrium becomes inadequate for delivery of oxygen, the placenta develops from projections of the , which facilitates exchange of nutrients and waste by the .

A)chorionic villi into the endometrium : mixing of maternal and fetal blood
B)chorionic villi into the endometrium : short distance between maternal and fetal blood
C)chorionic villi into the embryo : short distance between maternal and fetal blood
D)amnionic villi into the endometrium : short distance between maternal and fetal blood
E)chorionic villi into the embryo : mixing of maternal and fetal blood

Question 54

Spermatogenesis is directly stimulated by

A)LH only.
B)FSH only.
C)testosterone only.
D)both FSH and testosterone.
E)both LH and testosterone.

Question 55

What is meiotic arrest?

A)the pause in spermatogenesis that occurs following an ejaculation
B)the pause in oogenesis that occurs after fertilization
C)the pause in oogenesis that occurs between birth and ovulation
D)the switch from meiosis to mitosis that occurs after fertilization
E)the termination of oogenesis that occurs after menopause

Question 56

Which of the following is a function of oxytocin?

A)stimulates the uterus directly to cause contractions and indirectly by stimulating the release of prostaglandins from myometrial cells which locally cause uterine contractions as well
B)stimulates prolactin release
C)inhibits uterine contractions
D)inhibits contraction of breast myoepithelial cells
E)stimulates release of estrogens and progesterone

Question 57

The release of the oocyte by typically occurs every 28 days.

A)ovulation
B)parturition
C)transcytosis
D)sublimation
E)endocytosis

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT secreted by the granulosa cells?

A)inhibin
B)paracrines that support follicle development
C)estrogens
D)a substance that forms the zona pellucida
E)androgens

Question 59

What is the cumulus oophorus?

A)granulosa cells that connect the oocyte to the wall of the Graafian follicle
B)a degenerated follicle after ovulation
C)a thick membrane between the oocyte and granulosa cells
D)a fluid- filled cavity in the follicle
E)the remnants of a non- dominant follicle after it has undergone atresia

Question 60

A morula develops by

A)meiosis I.
B)meiosis II.
C)cell cleavage.
D)cell differentiation.
E)mitosis.

Question 61

How do males continue to produce sperm through their adult lives?

A)Spermatozoa can undergo cell division daily.
B)Sperm cells never die.
C)Testosterone levels remain elevated throughout adulthood.
D)Secondary spermatocytes produce an endless supply of primary spermatocytes.
E)When a spermatogonium undergoes mitosis, only one undergoes further differentiation and meiosis to become a mature sperm; the other stays a spermatogonium.

Question 62

The gene that determines the sex of a person is the gene, located on the Y chromosome.

A)androgen receptor
B)testosterone receptor
C)srY
D)MIS
E)inhibin

Question 63

Having one set of 23 chromosomes is called what?

A)diploid
B)haploid
C)sex chromosomes
D)alleles
E)autosomes

Question 64

What secretes a fluid containing citrates and enzymes into the urethra during ejaculation?

A)seminal vesicles
B)vestibular glands
C)prostate gland
D)bulbourethral glands

Question 65

What forms a fluid filled sac around the developing embryo?

A)blastocoele
B)inner cell mass
C)trophoblast
D)morula

Question 66

What is the function of the accessory reproductive organs?

A)the secretion of sex hormones only
B)secondary sex characteristics only
C)secretion of fluids into the reproductive tract only
D)transport of gametes only
E)both secretion of fluids into the reproductive tract and transport of gametes

Question 67

Which of the following secretes Müllerian inhibiting substance?

A)Leydig cell
B)granulosa cell
C)Sertoli cell
D)theca cell

Question 68

In the absence of the implantation of a fertilized embryo, the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle is initiated by the degeneration of the

A)corpus albicans.
B)endometrium.
C)Graafian follicle.
D)myometrium.
E)corpus luteum.

Question 69

The migration of sperm into the uterus, on their way to contact the ovum, is facilitated by the secretion of into the .

A)progesterone : uterine tube
B)an acidic solution : cervical canal
C)estrogen : uterine tube
D)a thin mucus : cervical canal
E)an alkaline solution : uterine tube

Question 70

Which of the following changes in the uterus does NOT occur during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

A)increased viscosity of secretions from cervical glands
B)enhanced secretion of fluids rich in fructose
C)enhanced secretion of fluids rich in glycogen
D)endometrium enriched with more arterial branches
E)enlargement of endometrial glands

Question 71

Which of the following inhibits uterine contractions?

A)estrogens
B)FSH
C)LH
D)progesterone
E)inhibin

Question 72

Sex determination of a fetus is controlled by the production of , which is coded for by the gene.

A)ovary- determining factor : odY
B)testis- determining factor : srY
C)ovary- determining factor : srY
D)testis- determining factor : tdY
E)gonad- determining factor : gdY

Question 73

The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle corresponds with what phase(s)of the uterine cycle?

A)proliferative phase only
B)secretory phase only
C)menstrual phase only
D)both menstrual and proliferative phases
E)both proliferative and secretory phases

Question 74

What secretes several enzymes and citrate into the urethra during ejaculation?

A)Sertoli cell
B)prostate gland
C)seminal vesicle
D)epididymis
E)bulbourethral gland

Question 75

The production of milk is stimulated by release of _ from the hypothalamus.

A)oxytocin
B)prolactin- releasing hormone (PRH)
C)gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)
D)prolactin- inhibiting hormone (PIH)
E)corticotropin- releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 76

What cells secrete Müllerian inhibiting substance in fetal life?

A)granulosa cell
B)follicle cell
C)Leydig cell
D)Sertoli cell
E)theca cell

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT one of the effects that progesterone has on maintaining the body during pregnancy, preparing the body for parturition and for postnatal nourishment?

A)the growth of glandular tissue in the breast
B)the suppression of contractile activity of uterine smooth muscle cells
C)the maintenance of thickened endometrium
D)the maintenance of thickened myometrium
E)the secretion of prolactin

Question 78

Autosomes are described as because they are formed into matching pairs.

A)haploid
B)clonal
C)homologous
D)zygotic
E)heterologous

Question 79

The ripening of the cervix in the weeks prior to parturition involves

A)rotation of the fetus in the uterus.
B)slow opening of the birth canal.
C)frequent uterine contractions.
D)the enzymatic breakdown of collagen fibers in its connective tissue.
E)rupture of the amniotic sac.

Question 80

Erectile function requires an increase in , whereas ejaculation involves increases in .

A)sympathetic nervous activity : parasympathetic nervous activity
B)parasympathetic nervous activity : sympathetic nervous activity
C)parasympathetic nervous activity : myogenic constriction of the vas deferens
D)myogenic dilation of vessels within erectile tissue : sympathetic nervous activity
E)myogenic dilation of vessels within erectile tissue : myogenic constriction of the vas deferens