Deck 40: Anatomy of the Urinary System

Question 1

The functions of the urinary system include .

A)excreting nitrogenous wastes, maintaining electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid- base and fluid balance
B)excreting nitrogenous wastes
C)maintaining electrolyte balance
D)maintaining acid- base and fluid balance

Answer 1

A

Question 2

These cells form a porous membrane surrounding the endothelial cells of the glomerulus.

A)squamous cells
B)columnar cells
C)podocytes
D)cuboidal cells

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra?

A)excreting metabolic waste products
B)transporting or storing urine
C)helping to control blood pressure
D)electrolyte and acid- base balance

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The veins that drain the kidney include all of those below except .

A)arcuate veins
B)interlobar veins
C)segmental veins
D)cortical radiate veins

Question 5

Of the following urinary system organs, the homeostatic functions are performed by the .

A)ureters
B)kidneys
C)urethra
D)urinary bladder

Question 6

Select the structure or structures that are much longer in males than in females.

A)renal arteries and veins
B)renal arteries and veins, ureters, and urethra
C)ureters
D)urethra

Question 7

The juxtamedullary nephrons .

A)have a nephron loop that penetrates deeply into the renal medulla
B)have a nephron loop that penetrates deeply into the renal medulla, and play an important role in concentrating urine.
C)are located almost entirely within the renal cortex
D)play an important role in concentrating urine
E)are most numerous

Question 8

As urine is formed it flows through the collecting ducts to enter, in order, the following structures.

A)renal pelvis, minor calyces, major calyces, ureter
B)minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter
C)major calyces, minor calyces, ureter, renal pelvis

Question 9

In which segment of the nephron would you find cuboidal cells with many microvilli and mitochondria?

A)distal convoluted tubule
B)glomerulus
C)nephron loop (thin segment)
D)proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

During filtration in the nephron, substances move _ _.

A)from the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus
B)from the peritubular capillary into the nephron
C)from the glomerulus into the nephron
D)from the nephron into the peritubular capillary

Question 11

The juxtaglomerular apparatus .

A)contains granular cells in the afferent arteriole that sense blood pressure
B)contains a region of chemoreceptor cells called the macula densa in the distal nephron loop
C)is found where the most distal part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole
D)is found where the most distal part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole, contains granular cells in the afferent arteriole that sense blood pressure, and contains a region of chemoreceptor cells called the macula densa in the distal nephron loop

Question 12

The vessel that supplies blood to the nephron is called the .

A)efferent arteriole
B)cortical radiate artery
C)arcuate artery
D)afferent arteriole

Question 13

Nephrons consist of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscles are located in the of the kidney.

A)medulla
B)cortex
C)columns
D)pelvis

Question 14

Many nephrons empty into a _ _.

A)collecting duct
B)renal tubule
C)microcalyx
D)columnar duct

Question 15

Blood flows from the peritubular capillary to the renal vein through this sequence of vessels.

A)arcuate vein, cortical radiate vein, interlobar vein,
B)interlobar vein, arcuate vein, cortical radiate vein
C)cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein
D)cortical radiate vein, interlobar vein, arcuate vein

Question 16

What is true about the urethral sphincters?

A)The external urethral sphincter is under involuntary control.
B)The internal urethral sphincter is under involuntary control.
C)The internal urethral sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle.
D)Both sphincters are under voluntary control.

Question 17

This structure is a capillary bed from which blood is filtered into the nephron.

A)glomerulus
B)renal corpuscle
C)peritubular capillary
D)glomerular capsule

Question 18

Tubular secretion in the nephron is a process by which substances move .

A)from the glomerulus into the nephron
B)from the peritubular capillary into the nephron
C)from the nephron into the peritubular capillary
D)from the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus

Question 19

What is true about the renal processes for making urine?

A)Filtration occurs only in the glomerular capsule.
B)Secretion occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule.
C)Reabsorption occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule.
D)Filtration occurs only in the glomerular capsule, reabsorption occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule, and secretion occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 20

List the parts of the nephron in correct sequential order: .

A)glomerulus, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule
B)glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop
C)nephron loop, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule
D)proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, glomerulus

Question 21

The nephron loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons are surrounded by a looping, ladder- like blood vessel called the .

A)medullary loop
B)vasa recta
C)perinephron capillary
D)peritubular capillary

Question 22

Urine is formed by three processes. In which process do filtrate components that are useful to the body move from the nephron into the blood?

A)filtration
B)tubular secretion
C)tubular reabsorption

Question 23

Name the structures in the kidney that produce urine.

A)collecting ducts
B)afferent and efferent arterioles
C)major and minor calyces
D)nephrons

Question 24

The renal artery enters the kidney at this indented area.

A)renal pelvis
B)hilum
C)renal medulla
D)trigone

Question 25

The pathway taken by blood from the renal artery to the afferent arteriole is, in correct sequence, .

A)interlobar artery, segmental artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery
B)cortical radiate artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery
C)arcuate artery, interlobar artery, segmental artery, cortical radiate artery
D)segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery

Question 26

Micturition is a synonym for _ .

A)urinary frequency
B)incontinence
C)emptying the bladder
D)full bladder

Question 27

The outermost portion of the kidney is called the renal _ .

A)medulla
B)pelvis
C)cortex
D)column