Deck 6: Hypersensitivity

Question 1

Which mediator(s)of type I hypersensitivities below cause(s)increased vascular permeability, increased mucus secretion, and smooth muscle contractions in the bronchi and intestines?

A)Prostaglandins
B)Leukotrienes
C)Histamine
D)All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

The symptoms associated with serum sickness, a systemic type III hypersensitivity reaction are

A)hemolysis and anemia.
B)rhinitis, wheezing, mucus secretions.
C)fever, joint pain, skin rashes.
D)urticaria.
E)thrombocytopenia and bruising.

Answer 2

fever, joint pain, skin rashes.

Question 3

Each of the type II hypersensitivities below is classified as an autoimmune disease except

A)autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
B)drug- induced thrombocytopenia.
C)Hashimoto's disease.
D)Goodpasture's syndrome.
E)Graves' disease.

Answer 3

drug- induced thrombocytopenia.

Question 4

Skin manifestation(s)of a type I hypersensitivity include

A)urticaria.
B)"wheal and flare" reactions.
C)hives.
D)atopic dermatitis.
E)All of the above.

Question 5

All of the following are mediators of a type I hypersensitivity except

A)histamine.
B)eosinophilic chemotactic factor.
C)prostaglandins.
D)complement.
E)leukotrienes.

Question 6

What is the positive control when doing a skin test for type I hypersensitivities?

A)Auspected allergen
B)Histamine
C)Nonsuspected allergen
D)Diluent without allergen

Question 7

A subject has been receiving immunotherapy for a type I hypersensitivity. Which test below best assesses the effectiveness of the treatment?

A)Total IgE levels
B)Skin prick testing
C)Intradermal skin testing
D)Epicutaneous skin testing
E)Radioallergosorbent testing (RAST)

Question 8

Type I hypersensitivities have been called all of the following except

A)atopy.
B)allergies.
C)anaphylaxis.
D)delayed hypersensitivities.

Question 9

Interpret the results of a RAST test conducted as follows (cpm = radioactive counts per minute): Control with no IgE: 35 cpm Control with IgE: 10,253 cpm Specimen results with allergen panel:
Ragweed = 32 cpm milk = 15,589 cpm oak pollen= 33 cpm

A)The results are invalid because the negative control reaction is incorrect.
B)The specimen reveals an allergy to milk.
C)The specimen reveals an allergy to ragweed and oak pollen.
D)The results are invalid because the positive control reaction is incorrect.
E)The results are invalid because the negative control and positive control reactions are backward.

Question 10

Each hypersensitivity below is paired correctly with a synonym except

A)Type I/anaphylaxis.
B)Type II/antibody- dependent cytotoxicity.
C)Type III/stimulatory hypersensitivity.
D)Type IV/cell- mediated hypersensitivity.

Question 11

Which of the type II hypersensitivities listed is caused by spontaneously produced platelet antibodies?

A)Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
B)Goodpasture's syndrome
C)Hashimoto's disease
D)Graves' disease

Question 12

At the end of a prolonged course of penicillin therapy, a patient experiences hematuria and a sudden drop in hemoglobin. Which type of hypersensitivity should be suspected?

A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
D)Type IV

Question 13

Which of the following is (are)a contraindication(s)for skin testing for a type I hypersensitivity?

A)Subject cannot discontinue anti- inflammatory medication.
B)Subject has had previous anaphylactic reaction.
C)Subject has active dermatitis in the preferred testing sites.
D)All of the above.

Question 14

Each of the following mediates cell damage in type II hypersensitivities except

A)complement opsonization.
B)complement lysis.
C)antibody dependent NK cell cytotoxicity.
D)T cytotoxic cell activation.

Question 15

To try to eradicate cancer in a patient, he is infused with mouse monoclonal antibodies to an antigen expressed on his cancer. What is the most probable risk of this treatment?

A)A type I hypersensitivity when the mouse antibodies bind to mast cells.
B)A type II hypersensitivity when the mouse antibodies cross- react with human antigens.
C)A type III hypersensitivity if the patient develops anti- mouse antibodies.
D)A type IV hypersensitivity if the antibodies activate cytotoxic T cells.

Question 16

All of the following are typically associated with anaphylaxis except

A)shock.
B)life- threatening low blood pressure.
C)hives.
D)wheezing and difficulty breathing.
E)arthritis.

Question 17

Type IV hypersensitivities have been associated with

A)granulomas.
B)hives.
C)kidney dysfunction.
D)arthritis.
E)All of the above.

Question 18

Type I hypersensitivities typically occur within

A)2-3 days.
B)5 days.
C)12 hours.
D)2-30 minutes.
E)24 hours.

Question 19

Complement is an important component of the negative consequence of which hypersensitivity(s)? (Check all that apply.)

A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
D)Type IV

Question 20

All of the following hypersensitivities are mediated by humoral immune system components except

A)Type I.
B)Type II.
C)Type III.
D)Type IV.

Question 21

Type II hypersensitivities are always destructive to cells.

Question 22

The ability of which listed organism to induce a cell- mediated inflammatory reaction in the skin (redness, induration)is exploited to screen for exposure to that organism?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Neisseria gonorrheae
C)Streptococcus pyogenes
D)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
E)Candida albicans

Question 23

The two forms of laboratory testing for type I hypersensitivities are measuring levels of the
antibody _ and the allergen specific test.

Question 24

Type I hypersensitivities can occur on the first exposure to antigen.

Question 25

How are hypersensitivities treated?

A)With immune system manipulation.
B)With antihistamines and epinephrine.
C)By avoiding the antigen.
D)With corticosteroids.
E)All of the above.

Question 26

A localized type III hypersensitivity reaction in the skin in which the lesion becomes inflamed and then necrotic is called an reaction.

Question 27

The probable cause of contact dermatitis from allergens such as nickel in jewelry is that the allergens are functioning as haptens.

Question 28

A hemolytic transfusion reaction is an example of a type III hypersensitivity.

Question 29

The treatment of choice for anaphylaxis is epinephrine injection.

Question 30

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is

A)manifested with fever, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
B)a type IV hypersensitivity.
C)often associated with occupational exposures.
D)follows inhalation of a substantial amount of antigen.
E)All of the above.

Question 31

Skin testing for previous exposure to microbial antigens may be invalid if the subject is immunocompromised.

Question 32

The form of type I hypersensitivity characterized by rhinitis, wheezing, shortness of breath, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness is _ .

Question 33

A positive Mantoux PPD skin test is indicative of a current infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 34

The advanced cavitary form of tuberculosis is a type hypersensitivity.

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
E)V

Question 35

A health care worker began wearing a new brand of latex gloves on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday at work. He did not work on Saturday and Sunday or use other gloves of any kind. On Sunday afternoon, both of his hands developed a red rash that ended at the wrist. The rash was not present on any other body part. As described, this is most likely a type hypersensitivity.

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
E)V

Question 36

When a type I hypersensitivity is systemic and life threatening, it is called .

Question 37

In the skin test for type I hypersensitivities, the reaction is assessed and recorded within minutes.

Question 38

Immunotherapy or desensitization has most often been applied to treating type I hypersensitivities.

Question 39

Antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies are uniquely associated with Graves' disease.

Question 40

Atopy can be at least partially genetically inherited.

Question 41

Types II and III hypersensitivities are both caused by IgG or IgM antibodies. Explain how they are different.

Question 42

Discuss why percutaneous injection is generally preferred to epicutaneous or intradermal testing for type I hypersensitivities.

Question 43

Explain the mechanism of hemolytic disease of the newborn as a type II hypersensitivity.

Question 44

Outline the mechanism of type I hypersensitivities.

Question 45

Describe the T cell alternation that may be responsible for atopy.