Deck 3: Immunoglobulins

Question 1

What is the function of stromal cells in the bone marrow?

A)To be stimulated by c- kit from pro-B cells via the stem cell factor molecule.
B)They produce IL- 7.
C)They bind to VLA- 4 on pro- B cells via the VCAM- 1 adhesion molecule.
D)All of the above.

Answer 1

All of the above.

Question 2

What immunoglobulins are expressed on the surface of a mature, unstimulated B lymphocyte?

A)IgD and IgM
B)IgD only
C)IgD and IgG
D)IgM only
E)IgG only

Answer 2

IgD and IgM

Question 3

The Fc portion of the antibody molecule contains important binding sites for

A)complement.
B)antigen.
C)interleukins.
D)interferons.

Answer 3

complement.

Question 4

Which strategy for introducing immunogen to a host is most likely to stimulate the strongest immune reaction?

A)Single low dose
B)Multiple large doses
C)Multiple medium doses
D)Single high dose

Question 5

When a B cell encounters its corresponding antigen, it expresses more in order to be a more effective antigen presenting cell.

A)MHC Class I
B)MHC Class II
C)IL- 7 receptor
D)IgM
E)IgD

Question 6

Each of the following statements regarding B lymphocytes is TRUE except

A)B cells mature in the bone marrow and then leave to populate germinal centers in the secondary lymphoid tissue (spleen, lymph nodes, etc.).
B)Rearrangements of VDJ heavy chain genes and VJ light chain genes appear to be completely random.
C)A B cell is considered to be fully matured when it is secreting antibody.
D)When B cells encounter their corresponding antigen, they undergo rapid proliferation and conversion to plasma cells.

Question 7

Which of the following is (are)characteristic of B lymphocyte response against thymus dependent antigens?

A)T helper cells are required for B cell stimulation.
B)Interleukins are required for full stimulation and conversion of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells.
C)B cells will initially produce IgM but then switch to another antibody class (IgG, IgA, or IgE).
D)All of the above.

Question 8

In adults, B cell maturation takes place in the

A)bone marrow.
B)lymph nodes.
C)thymus.
D)spleen.
E)All of the above.

Question 9

Each of the following cytokines is paired correctly with one of its functions except

A)IL- 2/stimulate and amplify T helper lymphocyte response.
B)IL- 5 and IL- 6/stimulate B cells into becoming plasma cells and memory cells.
C)IL- 1/expression of IgM and IgD on B cell surface.
D)IL- 7/stimulate development of pro- B and pre- B lymphocytes.
E)CD 40 and IL- 4/antibody class switching.

Question 10

Which term below is paired incorrectly with its definition?

A)Allotype/portions of the antibody that differ between individuals of the same species due to different genetic alleles.
B)Epitope/portion of the antibody that binds with antigen.
C)Isotype/portion of the antibody that differs between antibody classes within the same species.
D)Idiotype/portion of the antibody in the hypervariable region that differs between antibody molecules.
E)All of the above are paired correctly.

Question 11

Each of the markers below is paired correctly with the B cell development stage during which it is expressed except

A)pro- B cell/CD 45R.
B)pre- B cell/IL- 7 receptor.
C)mature B cell/mu heavy chain.
D)lymphoid stem cell/c- kit receptor.

Question 12

Which potential antigen below is likely to be the most immunogenic?

A)Large, complex protein
B)Large, complex carbohydrate
C)Small protein molecule
D)Small lipid molecule
E)Small carbohydrate molecule

Question 13

The portion of an antibody molecule that contains the antibody binding site is the

A)heavy chain.
B)Fc fragment.
C)Fab fragment.
D)light chain.

Question 14

Which of the following is (are)characteristic of B memory cells?

A)Die several weeks after antigen encounter unless the host is reexposed to the same antigen.
B)Reside exclusively in the bone marrow.
C)Express more complement receptors and adhesion molecules than a mature B cell.
D)All of the above.

Question 15

Which of the following is(are)characteristic of a plasma cell?

A)It secretes identical antibodies all directed at a single unique epitope.
B)It is the most rapidly dividing B cell.
C)It no longer expresses membrane IgD, only IgM.
D)All of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following are components of an antibody? (Check all that apply.)

A)Two identical light chains
B)Disulfide bonds
C)Two identical heavy chains
D)Carbohydrate
E)All of the above

Question 17

What kind of antigens can B lymphocytes react against independent of T helper cells?

A)Large molecules with repetitive structures.
B)Small molecules that can react directly with the B cell receptor.
C)Small molecules with repetitive structures.
D)Large molecules that can react directly with the B cell receptor.

Question 18

How does the DNA in a pre- B cell differ from germline DNA?

A)The V, D, and J genes have been successfully rearranged on the chromosome coding for the heavy immunoglobulin chain.
B)The V, D, and J genes have been successfully rearranged on the chromosome coding for both the heavy and light immunoglobulin chains.
C)The V, D, and J genes have been successfully rearranged on the chromosome coding for the light immunoglobulin chain.
D)There is no difference in the DNA of these two cells.

Question 19

The B cell receptor for antigen is

A)MHC Class I.
B)surface immunoglobulin.
C)MHC Class II.
D)IL- 1 receptor.
E)IL- 2 receptor.

Question 20

When a B cell reacts directly against an antigen, independent of T helper cells, does it produce antibody?

A)Yes, usually IgE.
B)No.
C)Yes, usually IgG.
D)Yes, usually IgA.
E)Yes, usually IgM.

Question 21

All of the following is TRUE about IgM except

A)most efficient activator of complement via the classic pathway.
B)first antibody class to be secreted in a primary infection.
C)contains a J chain.
D)contains a secretory piece.
E)is a pentamer.

Question 22

A child presents with chronic respiratory tract infections. All of the child's serum immunoglobulin levels are normal. Which genetic defect below might best explain these observations?

A)B cells missing IgD receptors
B)Genetic deficiency of the secretory piece of IgA
C)Neutrophils missing the Fc receptor for IgG
D)Mast cells missing IgE receptors
E)Genetic deficiency of IgM J chain

Question 23

The antibody class that activates complement by the classic pathway is capable of crossing the placenta and possesses an Fc portion recognized by neutrophils and macrophages is IgM.

Question 24

Mature, unstimulated B cells leave the bone marrow and take up residence in the spleen, tonsils, mucosal- associated lymphoid tissue, and lymph nodes.

Question 25

A mother who received no prenatal care tests positive for syphilis antibodies. At birth, her baby girl also tests positive for syphilis antibodies. What should be done?

A)The infant definitely has syphilis and should be treated for syphilis as well as the mother.
B)The infant should be treated if IgM syphilis antibodies can be demonstrated in her mother's serum.
C)The infant should not be treated since the positive syphilis test is probably due to the mother's IgG syphilis antibodies crossing the placenta.
D)The infant should be treated if IgM syphilis antibodies can be demonstrated in her serum.

Question 26

Which cell(s)below have receptors for the Fc portion of IgE?

A)Neutrophils
B)Monocyte/macrophages
C)Mast cells
D)All of the above

Question 27

When immunoglobulin genes are rearranged to make a mature B cell, large sections of DNA are deleted, and the gene rearrangement is irreversible.

Question 28

Outline the process by which hybridoma cells are made.

Question 29

Outline how a B lymphocyte is stimulated to react against a thymus- dependent antigen.

Question 30

Why are there more antibodies with kappa light chains than lambda light chains?

Question 31

Outline the process by which a mast cell degranulates.

Question 32

An IgG molecule is composed of two gamma heavy chains, one lambda light chain and one kappa light chain.

Question 33

Normal response to infection is polyclonal production of antibodies.

Question 34

State the important stages of B cell development from stem cell to plasma cell and the main event happening at each stage.

Question 35

The class of antibodies responsible for one form of allergies is IgE.

Question 36

All of the following are TRUE regarding the anamnestic response except

A)memory cells are responsible for the anamnestic response.
B)very little IgM is produced.
C)antibody titer increases more quickly than in the primary response.
D)antibody titer is lower than in the primary response.
E)typically IgG is the predominant immunoglobulin produced.

Question 37

In normal people, IgA exists as both a dimer and a monomer.

Question 38

Breast- fed infants are less vulnerable to infections than bottle- fed infants because of the IgG that passes into breast milk.

Question 39

In general, reagents containing polyclonal antibodies have fewer false positives than monoclonal antibodies but they are less sensitive.

Question 40

Epitopes and antigenic determinants are the same thing.

Question 41

The type of antibody produced by a hybridoma cell is called .

Question 42

Initially in an infection, a plasma cell produces IgM antibody. Later it stops producing IgM antibody and begins producing IgG antibody. This is called .

Question 43

Antibody heavy and light chains have one end called the region, which is coded for by the VDJ and VJ DNA rearrangements and which binds to antigen.

Question 44

The most abundant immunoglobulin in human serum is while the most abundant immunoglobulin in human secretions is .

Question 45

An IgM antibody contains two heavy chains.