Deck 2: Texas and the Nation

Question 1

After the Civil War and Reconstruction had ended, politics in Texas were dominated for several decades by

A) the Republican Party.
B) the Whig Party.
C) the Progressive Party.
D) no political party with any consistency.
E) the Democratic Party.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Under the New Deal, federalism is frequently described as

A) New Federalism.
B) coercive federalism.
C) cooperative federalism.
D) dual federalism.
E) layer-cake federalism.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

By 1912, Texas's population represented about ______ percent of the population of the entire United States.

A) 4
B) 16
C) 20
D) 24
E) 40

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is the legal basis for

A) Congress's power to tax the states.
B) federal intervention into state responsibilities.
C) rights to privacy.
D) freedom from unlawful searches.
E) states' authority to regulate on behalf of their citizens via "police powers."

Question 5

As federal regulations became more intrusive, forcing states to change their policies in order to meet national goals, some people began calling our system ______ federalism.

A) sovereign
B) dual
C) Progressive
D) coercive
E) utopian

Question 6

Dual federalism is also known as

A) layer-cake federalism.
B) cooperative federalism.
C) coercive federalism.
D) marble-cake federalism.
E) New Federalism.

Question 7

Medicaid, a national program providing health care for the poor, was added to the existing Social Security program under

A) Lyndon Johnson's Great Society.
B) FDR's New Deal.
C) Nixon's New Federalism.
D) Wilson's New Freedom programs.
E) the "return to normalcy."

Question 8

Congress gained the power to tax income through

A) the Seventeenth Amendment.
B) the Tenth Amendment.
C) the New Deal.
D) the Sixteenth Amendment.
E) coercive federalism.

Question 9

Among the advantages that are frequently associated with a federal form of government, which of the following is not normally listed as an advantage?

A) States are encouraged to compete with each other.
B) Creative solutions can be applied to social problems.
C) Legislation more closely reflects the wishes of the people.
D) Unfunded mandates are imposed upon state governments.
E) A true federal system tends to limit the power of the national government.

Question 10

Acting as a self-appointed spokesman for many in the Tea Party movement, ______ alleged that the United States took another step toward socialism with the passage of FDR's New Deal.

A) Woodrow Wilson
B) Rick Perry
C) Edward House
D) Sam Rayburn
E) Barack Obama

Question 11

Both federal and state governments obtain sovereignty directly from

A) the Treaty of Versailles.
B) the consent of the people.
C) the Declaration of Independence.
D) block grants.
E) the Divine Right of Kings.

Question 12

During the Nullification Crisis in 1833, South Carolina tried to assert the right to veto (or nullify)

A) national legislation passed by Congress.
B) actions taken by the North Carolina and Georgia militias.
C) Supreme Court rulings.
D) presidential cabinet appointments.
E) terms of office for U.S. senators and representatives.

Question 13

During the Wilson administration, Texans held key leadership positions in Congress and had great political influence because

A) Texas was such a populous state.
B) they were wealthy and powerful oil men.
C) the seniority system rewarded members who spent many terms in office.
D) Texas voted overwhelmingly for Republican candidates.
E) Wilson was afraid that Texas might break up into five separate states.

Question 14

State legislatures lost the power to appoint their U.S. senators under

A) the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
B) the Sixteenth Amendment.
C) the Seventeenth Amendment.
D) the Tenth Amendment.
E) State legislators still routinely appoint U.S. senators.

Question 15

In Printz v. United States (1997), the Supreme Court effectively overturned ______, ruling that the federal government cannot issue directives requiring the states to administer or enforce federal regulations.

A) Obamacare
B) affirmative action
C) Social Security
D) Jim Crow
E) unfunded mandates

Question 16

The use of block grants, allowing states considerable leeway in how federal money is spent, was championed by President ______ under the name New Federalism.

A) Clinton
B) Wilson
C) Johnson
D) Nixon
E) Obama

Question 17

In his book, Governor Perry alleged that federal power grew at the expense of state sovereignty through all of the following EXCEPT

A) the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment.
B) the Sixteenth Amendment.
C) federal programs designed to redistribute wealth.
D) the New Deal.
E) the Tea Party movement.

Question 18

When the federal government requires a state to meet federal guidelines without offering financial support to pay for these programs, it is known as

A) the supremacy clause.
B) Congress's power to tax and spend.
C) an unfunded mandate.
D) the general welfare clause.
E) cooperative federalism.

Question 19

For eligible participants, the Social Security Act of 1935 instituted all of the following EXCEPT

A) a national retirement pension for the elderly.
B) unemployment insurance for the unemployed.
C) universal health care for all Americans.
D) aid for the blind and disabled.
E) aid for impoverished elderly persons.

Question 20

The relationship between the states and the federal government changed dramatically soon after

A) the Civil War began.
B) the Great Depression began.
C) World War I ended.
D) the annexation of Texas.
E) the "return to normalcy."

Question 21

Which future president from Texas supported Roosevelt's court-packing scheme when he ran for office in the U.S. Congress?

A) George H. W. Bush
B) George W. Bush
C) John Nance Garner
D) Lyndon Johnson
E) Sam Rayburn

Question 22

As Texans became disillusioned in the years following the New Deal, increasingly they began to support economic deregulation, tax cuts, and a strong national defense. Which presidential candidate made these goals part of his national platform?

A) Lyndon Johnson
B) Ronald Reagan
C) Jimmy Carter
D) Al Gore
E) Mike Dukakis

Question 23

Before the Sixteenth Amendment allowed the federal government to tax an individual's income, federal revenue came primarily from

A) funding requests submitted to each state.
B) tariffs assessed on imported goods.
C) property taxes paid by individuals.
D) corporate income taxes.
E) corporate property taxes.

Question 24

A key component of FDR's New Deal was greater emphasis upon public works projects, which included all of the following EXCEPT

A) rural electrification.
B) soil conservation.
C) water projects.
D) farm-to-market roads.
E) construction of the Panama Canal.

Question 25

Congress's authority to withhold highway funding from states that failed to raise the legal drinking age was upheld under

A) United States v. Lopez.
B) Gonzales v. Raich.
C) Printz v. United States.
D) South Dakota v. Dole.
E) Wickard v. Filburn.

Question 26

Progressives favored the prohibition of alcohol, because they believed that

A) alcohol and tobacco companies had too much power.
B) organized criminal organizations would distribute the product more efficiently.
C) alcohol harmed individuals and families.
D) since the federal government could not tax alcohol, they should outlaw it.
E) the Ten Commandments made alcohol consumption a sin.

Question 27

Since obtaining statehood, the one area in which Texans have most consistently supported the federal government is in matters of

A) national defense.
B) civil rights.
C) economic regulation.
D) environmental regulation.
E) income redistribution.

Question 28

The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of minimum wage laws in

A) United States v. Lopez.
B) Gonzales v. Raich.
C) Printz v. United States.
D) South Dakota v. Dole.
E) West Coast Hotel Company v. Parrish.

Question 29

Wilson's "Progressive" Texans supported all of the following EXCEPT

A) Prohibition.
B) segregation.
C) low tariffs.
D) second-class citizenship for blacks and Mexican Americans.
E) an unregulated banking system.

Question 30

Though it was controversial at the time, President Wilson was able to pass legislation creating the Federal Reserve System with the help of an influential representative from Texas named

A) George W. Bush.
B) Sam Rayburn.
C) John Cornyn.
D) John Nance Garner.
E) Sam Houston.

Question 31

When Phil Gramm, a lifelong Democrat, switched to the Republican Party and easily won reelection, it signaled

A) an increasing ideological division between Republicans and Democrats.
B) the seniority system in Congress.
C) consequences of economic regulation.
D) the end of the Democratic Party in Texas.
E) the growing division between the two factions in the Democratic Party.

Question 32

With the weakening public support for the New Deal, the Reagan era reoriented Texans' support for all of the following EXCEPT

A) economic deregulation.
B) a strong national defense.
C) support for "Don't ask, don't tell."
D) traditional family values.
E) a balanced federal budget.

Question 33

Which prominent Texan served as FDR's vice president until 1940?

A) John Nance Garner
B) Sam Rayburn
C) Sam Houston
D) Jesse Jones
E) Edward House

Question 34

In which case did the Supreme Court declare that Congress's power to regulate using the interstate commerce clause was not limitless and that the activity must substantially affect interstate commerce?

A) United States v. Lopez
B) Gonzales v. Raich
C) Printz v. United States
D) South Dakota v. Dole
E) Wickard v. Filburn

Question 35

Who were the "Shivercrats"?

A) the liberal wing of the Democratic Party in Texas
B) Conservative Democrats who supported Republican Dwight Eisenhower
C) members of Congress who wanted Allan Shivers to run for the presidency
D) Republicans in Congress who wanted to impeach FDR
E) Texans who favored increased income redistribution

Question 36

Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce was expanded to the point that it appeared virtually limitless under

A) United States v. Lopez.
B) Gonzales v. Raich.
C) Printz v. United States.
D) South Dakota v. Dole.
E) Wickard v. Filburn.

Question 37

In the Supreme Court case against Ollie McClung, the federal government claimed authority to end state-sanctioned segregation under which part of the U.S. Constitution?

A) the First Amendment
B) the interstate commerce clause
C) the Fifteenth Amendment
D) the general welfare clause
E) the "pursuit of happiness" clause

Question 38

In which case did the Supreme Court uphold Congress's use of the interstate commerce clause and overturn a California law allowing the cultivation of medical marijuana?

A) United States v. Lopez
B) Gonzales v. Raich
C) Printz v. United States
D) South Dakota v. Dole
E) Wickard v. Filburn

Question 39

In Wickard v. Filburn, the Supreme Court decided that

A) Congress had improperly used the interstate commerce clause.
B) Congress had no authority to regulate commerce.
C) not only could Congress regulate interstate commerce, it could regulate anything that affected prices and market conditions.
D) Roscoe Filburn was right and he was to be paid $117.11 by the federal government.
E) the New Deal was not subject to any constitutional limitations.

Question 40

Progressives finally succeeded in outlawing the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages with the passage of the ______ Amendment.

A) Eighteenth
B) Nineteenth
C) Thirteenth
D) Fifteenth
E) Sixteenth

Question 41

During the Nullification Crisis of 1833, South Carolina and several northern states attempted to nullify key provisions of FDR's New Deal.

Question 42

Replacing the Articles of Confederation in 1787, the new U.S. Constitution allowed both the federal government and state governments to retain significant measures of sovereignty.

Question 43

A Tea Party political action committee, Club for Growth Action, targeted Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst in his 2012 race in the Republican primary with a $1 million television ad campaign in which he was labeled a ______, the new derogatory label for a candidate in Texas.

A) right-wing
B) moderate
C) liberal
D) Socialist
E) radical

Question 44

According to a prominent blog for Tea Party supporters, their message to politicians is this:

A) Both parties must compromise their principles in order to work together.
B) The people are watching your votes, and you cannot support big government while pretending to support limited government.
C) The Tenth Amendment must be repealed.
D) The federal government must be given more power to deal with local problems.
E) Obamacare must be retained.

Question 45

As a result of the Tea Party movement

A) politics in Texas is becoming more polarized.
B) "moderate" politicians are more easily elected.
C) the implementation of Obamacare is largely unchallenged.
D) environmental regulation has increased substantially.
E) income redistribution has gained substantial support.

Question 46

In South Dakota v. Dole (1987), the Supreme Court

A) prohibited the federal government from granting highway funds to the states.
B) allowed Congress broad leeway to place conditions upon federal grants to the states.
C) overturned unfunded mandates.
D) established twenty-one as the minimum age to purchase alcohol.
E) overturned Roe v. Wade.

Question 47

Until a national database was created, background checks under the Brady Act were suspended following the Supreme Court's ruling in

A) United States v. Lopez.
B) Gonzales v. Raich.
C) Printz v. United States.
D) South Dakota v. Dole.
E) Wickard v. Filburn.

Question 48

New Federalism was President Richard Nixon's attempt to give individual states greater control over how they spent federal money.

Question 49

Today, our federal system is best described as

A) layer-cake federalism.
B) marble-cake federalism.
C) dual federalism.
D) New Federalism.
E) coercive federalism.

Question 50

One proposal to address illegal immigration in Texas is a guest-worker program in which temporary immigrant workers would be permitted to work in Texas provided that they do all of the following EXCEPT

A) pass a background check.
B) be employed and pay payroll taxes.
C) be proficient in English.
D) be registered to vote in state and national elections.
E) waive all rights to public assistance programs.

Question 51

Unfunded mandates requiring states to meet federal guidelines without financial support are associated with coercive federalism.

Question 52

Under the Articles of Confederation, states played a primary role in governing Americans, while the national government had very limited powers.

Question 53

Unfunded mandates infringe upon state sovereignty.

Question 54

The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prevents state governments from imposing "cruel and unusual" punishments.

Question 55

Many conservatives believe that Americans are overtaxed and overregulated by the federal government.

Question 56

One significant problem facing Texas in the future involves

A) obtaining water supplies for urban areas.
B) global warming.
C) inflation.
D) lack of areas to build houses for a growing population.
E) a high state income tax rate.

Question 57

According to the text, the Tea Party era is marked by all of the following EXCEPT

A) distrust of the federal government.
B) belief that taxes are too high.
C) willingness to challenge incumbent Republicans who are not conservative enough.
D) strong support for Obamacare.
E) desire for ideological purity among Republican officeholders.

Question 58

One advantage that a federal system has over a highly centralized government is that it allows states to experiment with ways to improve public policy.

Question 59

The Great Depression of 1929 was the catalyst that led many Americans to support the New Deal.

Question 60

In general, the Tea Party's position on Obamacare is that it

A) is an unconstitutional, overly broad exercise of Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce.
B) is fully supported under the interstate commerce clause.
C) is justified under the precedent set in Wickard v. Filburn (1942).
D) can be properly defended under the Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
E) The position remains unclear as the Tea Party generally takes a pragmatic approach to social legislation and withholds judgment, depending upon the program's effectiveness.

Question 61

According to the textbook and the authors' depiction of Governor Perry's complaint that the federal government had grown too large, what are some means by which federal power expanded during the Progressive era?

Question 62

Compare and contrast marble-cake federalism with layer-cake federalism. Why do members of the Tea Party want to see us move closer to a dual system while Progressives want even greater federal involvement in state affairs?

Question 63

What are some advantages that our federal form of government has over a strong national government in a highly centralized system? What are some disadvantages of a federal system like ours?

Question 64

Because of single-party dominance, Texas's members of Congress easily built up seniority and were quite powerful during the Wilson era.

Question 65

Edward House, a prominent Texan and important ally for President Woodrow Wilson, helped pass many progressive policies known as the New Freedom.

Question 66

The question of slavery was an important subject of congressional debate prior to Texas's annexation.

Question 67

The League of Nations was created during FDR's presidency as part of the New Deal.

Question 68

The Tea Party era in Texas is "a time in which the national government is seen as the enemy." Explain why Texans' attitudes changed from one of support for the progressive policies of Woodrow Wilson to the high levels of skepticism that are evident today.

Question 69

Discuss Texas's evolution from a system of dual federalism to the more contemporary version of today that is often called cooperative federalism.

Question 70

As revealed in his recent book and campaign speeches, Governor Rick Perry is an outspoken supporter of a strong, centralized federal government.