Deck 33: Circulation

Question 1

In mammals, blood with a low oxygen content enters the_________ of the heart.

A) aorta
B) left ventricle
C) left atrium
D) right ventricle
E) right atrium

Answer 1

right atrium

Question 2

Of the following answer choices, which would NOT be found in a closed circulatory system?

A) Heart
B) Hemocoel
C) Blood
D) Vessels

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If a personʹs blood pressure is 120/70, the 70 refers to the pressure

A) during contraction of the vena cava.
B) during relaxation of the heart.
C) during contraction of both ventricles.
D) lowering between contractions.
E) during contraction of the left ventricle only.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of these animals has a heart with only two chambers?

A) Cat
B) Goldfish
C) Hummingbird
D) Bullfrog
E) Human

Question 5

An artificial pacemaker is a device that replaces the actions of the

A) ventricles.
B) atria.
C) atrioventricular node.
D) sinoatrial node.

Question 6

Which set of chambers supplies blood to the pulmonary circulation?

A) Left atrium and left ventricle
B) Right atrium and right ventricle
C) Ventricles
D) Atria

Question 7

What is the advantage of a closed circulatory system over an open one?

A) A closed system carries more blood.
B) Blood flows more slowly in a closed system.
C) A closed system moves blood more efficiently.
D) In a closed system, the blood comes nearer to each cell.
E) There are more blood cells in a closed system.

Question 8

Gap junctions

A) connect veins and arteries.
B) are found in white blood cells.
C) prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atrium.
D) allow the rapid passage of electrical signals among heart cells.

Question 9

Which heart chamber is the most muscular?

A) Left atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Left ventricle

Question 10

In which vertebrate group are there two atria but only a single ventricle?

A) Crocodiles
B) Birds
C) Fishes
D) Some reptiles
E) Mammals

Question 11

In a grasshopper, all the body tissues are bathed in blood that is in the

A) tracheae.
B) hemocoel.
C) spiracles.
D) capillaries.
E) heart.

Question 12

A three-chambered heart

A) has three ventricles.
B) has one atrium and two ventricles.
C) has three atria.
D) has two atria and one ventricle.
E) is found in fish.

Question 13

Which of the following have four-chambered hearts?

A) Birds
B) Fishes
C) Spiders
D) Frogs

Question 14

Which of these animals has a closed circulatory system?

A) Spider
B) Snail
C) Clam
D) Earthworm
E) Insect

Question 15

The left ventricle is more muscular than the right ventricle because it must push the blood

A) through wider blood vessels.
B) through the pulmonary arteries only.
C) against gas pressure in the lungs.
D) through the bodyʹs extensive system of vessels that nourish all cells.

Question 16

In animals that have open circulatory systems, the interstitial fluid that functions as blood is called

A) leukocyte.
B) plasma.
C) lymph.
D) hemolymph.
E) hemocoel.

Question 17

In vertebrates, which heart chamber supplies oxygenated blood to the body cells?

A) Left atrium
B) Right atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Left ventricle

Question 18

In fishes, blood leaving the heart goes directly to the

A) brain.
B) kidney.
C) swimming muscles.
D) gills.

Question 19

The aorta

A) is a major vein.
B) connects the right and left ventricles of the heart.
C) contains blood with low pressure.
D) is a major artery.

Question 20

It is important that the atrioventricular (AV) node produce a delay between the contraction of the atria and the contraction of the ventricles because this allows the

A) ventricles to fill to capacity.
B) atria to contract in smooth synchrony.
C) heart to rest for a brief period of time.
D) ventricles to contract in smooth synchrony.

Question 21

The_________ valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

A) tricuspid
B) semilunar
C) atrioventricular
D) bicuspid

Question 22

The human heart contains cells that do all of the following EXCEPT

A) generate electrical signals.
B) contract.
C) create new red blood cells.
D) respond to signals from the nervous system.

Question 23

Long-distance runners like to train at high altitudes because the lack of oxygen there stimulates the

A) body to produce more lung tissue.
B) muscles to contract faster.
C) capillaries to diffuse oxygen more slowly.
D) muscles to contract less strongly.
E) bone marrow to make more erythrocytes.

Question 24

Erythropoietin

A) stimulates the spleen to release more red blood cells.
B) is produced by the pancreas.
C) is released only in response to hemorrhaging (bleeding).
D) is released in response to high carbon dioxide or low oxygen levels in the blood.

Question 25

Southern Copperhead snake venom contains a protein called disintegrin. Disintegrins bind to a class of membrane receptors called integrins. Platelets use integrin receptors to aggregate at a site of tissue damage. Why does the snake venom contain this molecule?

A) The molecule helps kill the snakeʹs prey by producing large clots that travel in the body and produce heart attacks and strokes.
B) By binding to the platelets, the molecule inhibits the formation of fibrin.
C) The molecule interferes with clot formation so that the venom can travel more efficiently from the site of the bite to the rest of the body.
D) After the snake bites its prey, the molecule helps in wound healing.

Question 26

Plasma contains all of the following components EXCEPT

A) albumin.
B) water.
C) hormones.
D) lymph.

Question 27

Females need more dietary iron than males because they

A) lose more iron (during menstruation).
B) have a smaller volume of blood.
C) have less bone marrow.
D) eat less red meat than males.
E) have fewer red blood cells.

Question 28

Plasma is primarily

A) cells.
B) protein.
C) salt.
D) water.
E) gases.

Question 29

What is the cardiac cycle?

A) The passage of electrical impulses from the AV node to the SN node to heart muscle
B) The alternating relaxation and contraction of the heart chambers
C) The movement of blood from systemic to pulmonary circulation
D) The movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart

Question 30

Some athletes use ʺblood doping,ʺ in which additional red blood cells are added to the blood prior to the competition. What is the effect of blood doping?

A) It increases oxygen delivery to muscles.
B) It changes the blood type.
C) It makes blood thinner so that it flows faster.
D) It decreases blood pressure.

Question 31

In a random screening of athletes at a recent event, a runner was disqualified for testing positive for an injected form of erythropoietin. Which of the following is a consequence of extra erythropoietin in the circulatory system?

A) More red blood cells
B) Low blood pressure
C) A low white blood cell count
D) ʺThinʺ blood that does not clot efficiently

Question 32

Ventricles force blood directly into the

A) capillaries.
B) arteries.
C) veins.
D) arterioles.
E) venules.

Question 33

All of the following are true of the SA node EXCEPT that it

A) directly stimulates the atria.
B) directly stimulates the ventricles.
C) is the pacemaker.
D) is influenced by nerve impulses and hormones.

Question 34

When your blood pressure is measured from an artery in your arm, it is a measurement of the pressure produced by your

A) left ventricle.
B) right ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) left atrium.

Question 35

The average red blood cell lives for about_________ days.

A) 100
B) 120
C) 150
D) 90

Question 36

The most abundant cell type in blood is the

A) leukocyte.
B) platelet.
C) erythrocyte.
D) neutrophil.
E) basophil.

Question 37

Each of the following types of white blood cells is found within the circulatory system EXCEPT

A) macrophages.
B) monocytes.
C) leukocytes.
D) lymphocytes.

Question 38

Which blood constituent makes up most of the volume of blood?

A) White blood cells
B) Red blood cells
C) Plasma
D) Blood proteins

Question 39

How many molecules of oxygen can bind with one molecule of human hemoglobin?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) Five

Question 40

Erythrocytes are produced in the

A) spleen.
B) heart.
C) liver.
D) bone marrow.

Question 41

Erythropoietin stimulates the manufacture of

A) albumin.
B) red blood cells.
C) white blood cells.
D) platelets.

Question 42

What is one reason arteries can withstand higher blood pressure than veins?

A) Arteries contain only oxygenated blood.
B) Arteries have one-way valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.
C) Arteries have thick walls that contain layers of muscle and connective tissue.
D) Arteries contain all types of blood cells, whereas veins contain only erythrocytes.

Question 43

Which of the following does NOT play a role in blood clotting?

A) Platelets
B) Fibrinogen
C) Thrombin
D) Fibrin
E) Albumin

Question 44

Which of the following types of blood vessels are directly involved in the exchange of materials between blood and tissues?

A) Arterioles
B) Capillaries
C) Arteries
D) Lymphatics
E) Veins

Question 45

Plasma that leaks out of the blood in the capillary beds is returned to the venous circulation by

A) the small intestine.
B) the inflammatory response.
C) the lymphatic system.
D) suppressor B cells.

Question 46

The accumulation of carbon dioxide, lactic acid, or other cellular waste causes nearby precapillary sphincters to

A) relax.
B) contract.
C) shorten.
D) lengthen.

Question 47

What happens to the speed of blood as it passes through the capillaries?

A) It decreases greatly.
B) It increases slightly.
C) It decreases slightly.
D) It increases greatly.
E) It depends on the location of the capillaries.

Question 48

Hypertension may lead to

A) enlarged prostate.
B) atherosclerosis.
C) lung cancer.
D) low blood pressure.

Question 49

Which of the following has the lowest pressure?

A) Venules
B) Arteries
C) Capillaries
D) Arterioles
E) Veins

Question 50

Which of the following is smallest in diameter?

A) Arteriole
B) Venule
C) Artery
D) Veni
E) Capillary

Question 51

The head of a giraffe is 5 meters above its heart. Compared to humans, giraffes have

A) higher systolic blood pressure.
B) less blood volume.
C) veins of smaller diameter.
D) lower systolic blood pressure.

Question 52

What drives the return of blood to the heart in the systemic veins?

A) Muscles squeezing blood through the veins
B) Ciliated cells lining the inside of the veins
C) The lymphatic system
D) Contractions of the left auricle

Question 53

Which is the ʺgoodʺ cholesterol?

A) VHDL
B) LDL
C) VLDL
D) HDL

Question 54

Which of the following includes lymphocytes?

A) Platelets
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) Albumin

Question 55

White blood cells

A) clot blood.
B) are formed in the spleen.
C) carry oxygen in blood.
D) protect the body from microbes.

Question 56

Imagine that you are about to give blood for the first time. While watching other donors around you, you become pale and have to sit down before you faint. Which vessels constricted to produce this nervous side effect?

A) Venules
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Arterioles
E) Arteries

Question 57

When your physician takes your pulse, he or she is feeling the expansion and contraction of your

A) veins or venules.
B) capillaries.
C) arteries or arterioles.
D) arteries and veins.

Question 58

Which of these blood cells have no nucleus in mammals?

A) Lymphocytes
B) White blood cells
C) Red blood cells
D) All blood cells in mammals lack nuclei.

Question 59

What is the correct sequence of blood vessels from the heart through the body and back to the heart?

A) Veins, venules, arteries, arterioles, capillaries
B) Veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries
C) Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
D) Arterioles, arteries, capillaries, veins, venules
E) Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries

Question 60

What is the role of valves in the veins?

A) They push the blood back toward the capillaries so that all the oxygen can be removed.
B) They push the blood upward toward the heart.
C) They slow blood flow in the veins so that the blood can move more slowly in the capillaries.
D) They block the flow of blood to the heart until it has time to contract again.
E) They keep blood from flowing backward when the veins are squeezed by skeletal muscles.

Question 61

All of the following are true statements about the lymphatic system EXCEPT that

A) the lymphatic system helps defend the body against disease.
B) lymphatic vessels resemble veins because they have valves.
C) the lymphatic system returns fluids to the bloodstream.
D) the lymphatic system transports carbohydrates from the small intestine to the blood.

Question 62

While sitting in front of the TV, the average person?s heart rate is about 70 beats per minute because the nervous system slows the heart down from the approximately 100 beats per minute that the pacemaker, the_________ node, sets.

Question 63

What two organs are considered to be part of the lymphatic system?

A) Spleen and thymus
B) Thalamus and hypothalamus
C) Gall bladder and kidneys
D) Pancreas and liver
E) Heart and lungs

Question 64

A diagnosis of _________(or high blood pressure) is made when blood pressure is higher than 140/90.

Question 65

Fishes have a two-chambered heart, a single atrium, and a single ventricle.

Question 66

In an average person, how many liters of interstitial fluid leave the capillaries each day?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 8
D) 3 to 4
E) 12

Question 67

Which of the following is delivered from the small intestine to the bloodstream through the lymphatic system?

A) Lipids (fats)
B) Carbohydrates (sugars)
C) Amino acids
D) Proteins

Question 68

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

A) They have ʺdead ends.ʺ
B) They are made by lymphocytes.
C) They contain plasma.
D) They contain red blood cells.
E) They have a wall only one cell layer thick.

Question 69

The fluid portion of the blood is called _________.

Question 70

All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system EXCEPT

A) transporting oxygen to the lungs.
B) returning dissolved materials to the circulation.
C) returning fluid to the circulatory system.
D) transporting fats to the circulatory system.
E) defending the body.

Question 71

Atherosclerosis

A) is caused by a diet high in salt.
B) reduces blood flow in arteries.
C) causes a loss of plaque from the walls of the arteries.
D) is a condition of the veins.
E) is another name for high blood pressure.

Question 72

Bone marrow is part of the lymphatic system.

Question 73

When interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic system, it becomes known as

A) plasma.
B) interstitial fluid.
C) lymph.
D) macrophage.
E) globulin.

Question 74

Red blood cells carry oxygen that is attached to a large, iron-containing protein called_________.

Question 75

The period of time in which the ventricles contract is known as ventricular _________.

Question 76

Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of the plasma protein fibrinogen into fibrin.

Question 77

What is an advantage of closed circulatory systems?

Question 78

Fluid that leaks (or is pushed out by pressure) from the capillaries into the tissue spaces is known as _________fluid.

Question 79

Lymph nodes aid in the destruction of bacteria and viruses.

Question 80

Platelets are large cells that aid in blood clotting.