Deck 32: Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Question 1

In humans, the body needs to maintain oxygen levels within narrow homeostatic ranges. If the blood oxygen level drops below that range, the body responds by

A) using positive feedback to further lower the oxygen level.
B) using negative feedback loops to further lower the oxygen level.
C) setting this lower oxygen level as the new normal.
D) using negative feedback loops to return the oxygen level to normal.
E) using positive feedback to raise the oxygen level.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Blood is a type of _________ tissue.

A) nerve
B) endothelial
C) epithelial
D) muscle
E) connective

Answer 2

connective

Question 3

In the description of homeostasis, the term dynamic constancy refers to

A) a disregarded theory that suggested there were no external energy requirements to maintain cell homeostasis.
B) the use of ATP to initiate a cascade effect.
C) the fact that even though physical and chemical changes do occur, conditions are kept within a range.
D) the direct interaction of each positive feedback system with its corresponding negative feedback system.
E) a constant movement toward equilibrium.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Groups of tissues that function together form a(n)

A) system.
B) organ.
C) organ system.
D) gland.
E) individual.

Question 5

Most body systems maintain homeostasis through_________ systems.

A) monitoring
B) negative feedback
C) alternating
D) positive feedback
E) redundant

Question 6

The basement membrane in epithelial tissue

A) transmits nervous stimuli.
B) is the layer that contains the dividing cells.
C) provides strength and support.
D) contracts to move the skin.
E) waterproofs the epithelium.

Question 7

Which tissue is characterized by a basement membrane and a single layer of flattened cells with a free surface?

A) Connective tissue
B) Stratified epithelium
C) Muscle tissue
D) Simple epithelium
E) Undifferentiated tissue

Question 8

Similar cells that perform a particular function are known as

A) organ systems.
B) organs.
C) organisms.
D) tissues.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?

A) The kidney retaining water when the organism becomes dehydrated
B) A hummingbird maintaining a constant internal body temperature
C) Stress altering the normal menstrual cycle, which delays menstruation, thereby causing more stress
D) A person altering her breathing rate to keep blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45

Question 10

The mucus that traps dust particles in the lungs is produced by

A) muscle tissue.
B) adipose tissue.
C) connective tissue.
D) epithelial tissue.
E) endocrine glands.

Question 11

In stratified epithelium, such as the epidermis of the skin, cell division occurs

A) in the basement membrane only.
B) in the cells at the base layer only.
C) throughout all the layers.
D) in the surface cell layer only.

Question 12

Which of the following controls the temperature in endothermic animals?

A) Cerebral cortex
B) Hypothalamus
C) Reflexive skeletal muscles
D) Autonomic nervous system
E) Positive feedback systems

Question 13

One biological example of a positive feedback system is

A) water balance.
B) mammalian birth.
C) blood pH levels.
D) temperature regulation.

Question 14

What is a gland?

A) A cluster of epithelial or nervous cells that release a secretion
B) A special connection between muscle cells
C) The functional unit of the skeletal system
D) A type of tissue that makes cartilage
E) A group of cells that replaces the stomach lining every few days

Question 15

After eating a large meal of pasta, an individualʹs blood sugar levels are elevated. In response to this, the pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar levels. Once the blood sugar levels drop to the normal level, the pancreas stops secreting insulin. This is an example of

A) reactions between carbon monoxide and acids.
B) a negative feedback loop.
C) acid-base imbalance.
D) a positive feedback loop.
E) energy being made into proteins.

Question 16

The lining of the respiratory system is composed of _________ tissue.

A) adipose
B) nerve
C) muscle
D) connective
E) epithelial

Question 17

The lining of the trachea is formed from _________ tissue.

A) undifferentiated
B) muscle
C) connective
D) nerve
E) epithelial

Question 18

Hypertension damages the lining of the arterioles of the kidneys, which results in the release of molecules that further raise blood pressure. This is an example of a(n)

A) positive feedback loop.
B) electrochemical mechanism.
C) uncontrolled mechanism.
D) controlling mechanism.
E) negative feedback loop.

Question 19

What happens if homeostasis is NOT maintained?

A) Organisms function better.
B) Cells begin dividing uncontrollably.
C) Cells lose the ability to carry out normal functions.
D) Organisms stop using negative feedback loops.
E) Cellular metabolism is unchanged.

Question 20

What is the primary reason internal homeostasis must be maintained?

A) Homeostasis prevents the wasting of stockpiles of coenzymes.
B) Unregulated variations cause the cellsʹ DNA to mutate.
C) Enzymes must retain their correct three-dimensional structure.
D) Wide swings in the internal environment interfere with normal metabolic reactions.
E) Most organisms have not evolved mechanisms to control positive feedback systems.

Question 21

Which tissue is in direct contact with the external environment of an animal?

A) Epithelial
B) Endothelial
C) Connective
D) Nerve
E) Muscle

Question 22

Widely scattered cells embedded in large amounts of extracellular material composed of randomly arranged collagen fibers make up

A) adipose tissue.
B) loose connective tissue.
C) cardiac muscle.
D) stratified epithelial tissue.
E) dense connective tissue.

Question 23

Cartilage, bone, and blood are examples of_________ tissue.

A) epithelial
B) undifferentiated
C) connective
D) muscle
E) nerve

Question 24

Connective tissues include lymph, ligaments, tendons, and

A) cardiac muscle.
B) vessel linings.
C) skin cells.
D) cartilage.
E) exocrine glands.

Question 25

Which tissue type is most suited to areas of the body in which the cells need continuous replacement to repair damage from daily wear and tear?

A) Nerve
B) Epithelial
C) Muscle
D) Connective

Question 26

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?

A) Smooth
B) Skeletal
C) Oxygen enriched
D) Cardiac
E) Epithelial

Question 27

The skin is an example of a(n)

A) organ.
B) organ system.
C) undifferentiated mass.
D) tissue.
E) cell.

Question 28

The pads that cushion the vertebrae are made of

A) smooth muscle tissue.
B) matrix.
C) fat.
D) bone.
E) cartilage.

Question 29

How are cardiac and smooth muscles similar?

A) Both use cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as an energy source.
B) Both are involuntary.
C) Both are typically under conscious control.
D) Both have only thin protein filaments.
E) Both are connected to bones.

Question 30

Which cells are designed to conduct electrical impulses?

A) Glial cells
B) Adipose cells
C) Connective tissue
D) Skeletal muscle cells
E) Nerve tissue

Question 31

Large amounts of extracellular material are characteristic of

A) nervous tissue.
B) smooth muscle.
C) stratified epithelium.
D) loose connective tissue.
E) simple epithelium.

Question 32

When you move your fingers to turn the page, you are using the nervous system and

A) skeletal muscle.
B) cardiac muscle.
C) simple epithelium.
D) adipose tissue.
E) endocrine glands.

Question 33

Which tissue helps endotherms maintain body temperature in cool weather?

A) Dense connective
B) Adipose
C) Cartilage
D) Bone
E) Simple epithelium

Question 34

The_________ system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

A) digestive
B) respiratory
C) urinary
D) circulatory
E) reproductive

Question 35

The retina of the eye responds to light, converting it into electrical impulses. The retina is made up of

A) neurons.
B) bone.
C) smooth muscle.
D) simple epithelium.
E) cartilage.

Question 36

Which tissue contains large amounts of densely packed collagen fibers that run parallel to each other?

A) Tendons
B) Lymph
C) Adipose
D) Nerve
E) Blood

Question 37

Hair follicles are a variation of _________ tissue.

A) muscle
B) epithelial
C) dense connective
D) nerve
E) loose connective

Question 38

In addition to the nervous system, which vertebrate organ system controls physiological processes in animals?

A) Reproductive
B) Endocrine
C) Respiratory
D) Skeletal
E) Muscular

Question 39

Which of the following tissues is used for energy storage?

A) Epithelial
B) Adipose
C) Dense connective
D) Cartilage
E) Blood

Question 40

Together, the stomach, intestines, mouth, and esophagus form a(n)

A) organ.
B) ectotherm.
C) organ system.
D) cell.
E) tissue.

Question 41

Because of the freezing temperatures of the deep ocean, all deep-sea fish must be endotherms.

Question 42

Glial cells provide structural and chemical support to neurons.

Question 43

Most of the homeostatic functions in the body are regulated by positive feedback loops.

Question 44

The body temperature of an_________ changes to match the temperature of the external environment.

Question 45

The maintenance of internal conditions within narrow ranges is known as homeostasis.

Question 46

The basement membrane of epithelial tissues produces a waterproof barrier of cells to protect the tissue above it.

Question 47

An endotherm uses_________ feedback loops to maintain homeostasis.

Question 48

The blood vessels that provide nourishment for the skin cells are located in the dermis only.)

Question 49

Organisms that can maintain a fairly consistent internal body temperature through metabolic reactions are known as _________ .

Question 50

When an animalʹs body temperature drops below normal, the body responds to raise the temperature using positive feedback loops.

Question 51

Hormones are secreted by exocrine glands directly into a body cavity or onto a body surface, rather than being transported by the blood.

Question 52

Regardless of the temperature of the environment they find themselves in, endotherms maintain a nearly consistent_________ .

Question 53

The extracellular matrix in dense connective tissue contains large amounts of calcium, which causes the tissue to harden and become solid.

Question 54

The outer layer of the skin is the dermis.

Question 55

Connective tissues are made up of cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix, the consistency of which can vary from a liquid to a solid.

Question 56

The dermis of the skin is composed of stratified epithelium.

Question 57

Cardiac muscle requires input from the nervous system to contract.

Question 58

The ability to maintain an internal environment within specific ranges is referred to as_________ .

Question 59

Maintaining homeostasis requires the coordinated efforts of multiple negative feedback loops.

Question 60

The integumentary system plays a role in temperature regulation.

Question 61

Compare the mechanisms that endotherms and ectotherms use to regulate body temperature.

Question 62

While sitting in a hot car, your body begins to sweat, which cools the body back down. This illustrates a_________ feedback loop.

Question 63

Epithelial tissues are attached to the underlying tissue by a noncellular protein layer called the_________ membrane.

Question 64

The matrix in cartilage is made of protein fibers called_________ .

Question 65

When the body?s response to swelling caused by an insect bite is to release histamine, which causes more swelling and releases more histamine, the organism is using a_________ feedback loop.

Question 66

A(n)_________ is made up of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out body functions.

Question 67

Tightly packed collagen fibers arranged in either parallel rows or an irregular meshwork are characteristic of_________ connective tissue.

Question 68

How do exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands?

Question 69

Bones are connected to other bones by _________ .

Question 70

Glands that lack ducts and use the bloodstream to transport their products are called_________ glands.

Question 71

The digestive and respiratory tracts contain_________ muscle.

Question 72

What are the four major types of tissues?

Question 73

Blood is a type of connective tissue that contains fibers and cells suspended in a_________ matrix.

Question 74

Cells that generate electrical impulses form_________ tissue.

Question 75

Why are negative feedback loops more effective at maintaining homeostasis than positive feedback loops?

Question 76

_________ epithelium is several cell layers thick and is specialized to withstand wear and tear.

Question 77

_________ glands are a form of epithelial tissue that secretes substances through a duct.

Question 78

A calcium phosphate matrix is characteristic of_________ , a specialized connective tissue.

Question 79

Why do organisms need to maintain homeostasis?

Question 80

Cells that store lipids (fats) for long-term energy are found in _________ tissue.