Deck 25: Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Question 1

How does the nerve cord of chordates differ from the nerve cord of animals in other taxonomic groups?

A) It runs along the dorsal side of the body.
B) It does not develop until after the embryonic period.
C) It does not extend into the tail.
D) It is surrounded by bone.
E) It develops from the gill slits.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In all chordates, the notochord

A) may or may not appear at all; it is not found in all chordates.
B) appears only in adults.
C) appears only during early stages of development.
D) appears at least during early stages of development.
E) is found throughout the life cycle.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Larval sea squirts

A) lack a notochord.
B) live in fresh water.
C) are sessile.
D) display all four chordate characteristics.
E) have a brain encased in bone.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following has a ventral nerve cord?

A) Earthworm
B) Frog
C) Shark
D) Coelacanth
E) Hummingbird

Question 5

A tunicate is a(n)

A) amphibian.
B) invertebrate chordate.
C) bony fish.
D) cartilaginous fish.
E) jawless fish.

Question 6

The earliest vertebrates lacked

A) gills.
B) jaws.
C) skeletons.
D) a notochord.
E) brains.

Question 7

__________have a dorsal nerve cord.

A) Starfishes
B) Bugs
C) Earthworms
D) Sharks
E) Leeches

Question 8

All chordates have

A) a backbone.
B) gills.
C) a ventral, hollow nerve cord.
D) a post-anal tail.
E) a bony endoskeleton.

Question 9

The great size and mobility of the vertebrates are likely the result of

A) lungs used for respiration.
B) increased brain size and complexity.
C) uterine development of offspring.
D) four-chambered hearts.
E) lightweight endoskeletons.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes which chordate characteristics lancelets retain as adults?

A) Notochord, dorsal nerve cord, post-anal tail, and pharyngeal gill slits
B) Dorsal nerve cord, jaws, limbs, and lobed fins
C) Pharyngeal gill slits, limbs, and lobed fins
D) Post-anal tail, hair, jaws, and amniotic egg
E) Notochord, lobed fins, and jaws

Question 11

Which characteristic differentiates hagfishes from other craniates?

A) Two-chambered hearts
B) Skeletal elements surrounding the nerve cord
C) Lobe-like fins
D) Bony jaws
E) A lack of gills

Question 12

The notochord

A) forms the nerve cord in an adult.
B) becomes the digestive system.
C) is for muscle attachment.
D) becomes the brain.
E) develops from the pharyngeal gill slits.

Question 13

Lancelets live in

A) sulfur springs.
B) the sea.
C) fresh water.
D) treetops.
E) deserts.

Question 14

At some stage of the life cycle, all chordates have

A) a backbone.
B) a pre-anal tail.
C) pharyngeal gill slits.
D) an external skeleton.
E) a ventral nerve cord.

Question 15

The discovery of a coelacanth in South Africa in 1938 was surprising to biologists because it

A) was thought to be extinct.
B) has not evolved for more than 80 million years.
C) was a newly evolved species.
D) is the first species to have made the transition to land.
E) represents a transition between two major groups of fishes.

Question 16

Which of the following features is absent in lancelets?

A) Notochord
B) Gill slits
C) Backbone
D) Tail
E) Nerve cord

Question 17

In vertebrates, the analogous structure to the notochord is

A) a backbone.
B) a nerve cord.
C) a skull.
D) fins.
E) jaws.

Question 18

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A) Provide weight in aquatic life-forms
B) Limit muscle attachments
C) Tear and crush food
D) Protect the nerve cord
E) Help increase the metabolic rate

Question 19

Which of the following is present in all chordates?

A) A vertebral column
B) A notochord
C) Four limbs
D) Chloroplasts
E) An external skeleton

Question 20

What characteristic of hagfishes differentiates them from lancelets and tunicates?

A) Bony jaws
B) Skull surrounding the brain
C) Gills
D) Dorsal nerve cord
E) Post-anal tail

Question 21

Parasitic lampreys have

A) radial proportions.
B) sucker-like mouths lined with teeth.
C) internal fertilization.
D) a three-chambered heart.
E) bony jaws.

Question 22

What is the advantage of paired appendages?

A) They provide internal support for the animal.
B) They improve mobility.
C) They protect the nerve cord.
D) They increase the metabolic rate, making animals endothermic.
E) They improve the sensory ability.

Question 23

Chondrichthyes includes

A) lampreys.
B) whales.
C) all fishes.
D) sharks.
E) frogs.

Question 24

A lamprey is a(n)

A) amphibian.
B) bony fish.
C) invertebrate chordate.
D) cartilaginous fish.
E) jawless fish.

Question 25

Lamprey populations introduced into the Great Lakes have grown dramatically. Why?

A) A fish species that they naturally prey upon has recently been introduced into the Great Lakes.
B) Lamprey stocking programs have been highly effective.
C) Competitive species have driven them from the ocean.
D) They have no natural predators in these waters.
E) Fishers have intentionally introduced them with the hope of farming them for ʺeel skin.ʺ

Question 26

The characteristic that separates cartilaginous fishes from lampreys is

A) lungs supplemented by air sacs.
B) four-chambered hearts.
C) jaws.
D) bony skeletons.
E) sucker-like mouths lined with teeth.

Question 27

Lampreys have reduced the size of commercial fish populations in the Great Lakes because they

A) share many of the same predators.
B) are predators to many of the same prey species.
C) are parasites on those fish species.
D) secrete toxins that injure or kill other fishes.
E) compete for food with those fish species.

Question 28

Which were the first tetrapods to move to land?

A) Reptiles
B) Amphibians
C) Monotremes
D) Ray-finned fishes
E) Hagfishes

Question 29

Fins composed of a web of skin covering thin, bony spines are characteristic of

A) ray-finned fishes.
B) lampreys.
C) lobe-finned fishes.
D) hagfishes.
E) cartilaginous fishes.

Question 30

Cartilaginous fishes differ from lampreys because they

A) have a three-chambered heart.
B) lack a skeleton.
C) are ectotherms.
D) have jaws.
E) lack a skull.

Question 31

Which vertebrate group is the most diverse?

A) Actinopterygii
B) Chondrichthyes
C) Mammalia
D) Reptilia
E) Actinistia

Question 32

A(n)__________ protects the internal organs of ray-finned fishes.

A) internal bony skeleton
B) exoskeleton made of chitin
C) notochord
D) internal cartilage skeleton
E) exoskeleton made of cartilage

Question 33

Why are lampreys classified as vertebrates?

A) They lack gills.
B) They are ectothermic.
C) They have an exoskeleton.
D) Their nerve cord is surrounded by cartilage.
E) They lack jaws.

Question 34

Most __________have swim bladders.

A) jawless fishes
B) ray-finned fishes
C) cartilaginous fishes
D) marine mammals
E) lobe-finned fishes

Question 35

Fins composed of rod-shaped bones surrounded by thick layers of muscle are characteristic of

A) lampreys.
B) hagfishes.
C) cartilaginous fishes.
D) ray-finned fishes.
E) lobe-finned fishes.

Question 36

Lampreys differ from other vertebrates because they lack

A) skulls.
B) jaws.
C) metabolism.
D) gills.
E) hearts.

Question 37

Why have populations of many ray -finned fish species decreased in recent years?

A) Parasitism by lampreys
B) Bacterial disease
C) Pollution of their environment
D) Overfishing by humans
E) Loss of their prey species

Question 38

A shark is a(n)

A) invertebrate chordate.
B) jawless fish.
C) cartilaginous fish.
D) amphibian.
E) bony fish.

Question 39

Lungfishes are classified as

A) cartilaginous fishes.
B) ray-finned fishes.
C) lobe-finned fishes.
D) jawless fishes.
E) amphibians.

Question 40

The skeletons of rays and skates are made of

A) bone.
B) cartilage.
C) protein slime.
D) muscle.
E) chitin.

Question 41

Which vertebrate group has a three-chambered heart?

A) Ray-finned fishes
B) Lobe-finned fishes
C) Birds
D) Mammals
E) Amphibians

Question 42

Amphibians are not especially successful land -dwellers because of their

A) two-chambered hearts.
B) production of a shelled amniotic egg.
C) reliance on moist skin for gas exchange.
D) choice of prey.
E) lungs that are supplemented by air sacs.

Question 43

Which of the following is TRUE of all reptiles?

A) They are predatory carnivores.
B) They have teeth.
C) They are exclusively terrestrial.
D) They have four well-developed limbs.
E) They have a heart with either three or four chambers.

Question 44

To prevent dehydration, reptiles have

A) moist, slime-covered skin.
B) a four-chambered heart.
C) eggs that contain no water.
D) embryos that lack gills.
E) scaly skin.

Question 45

Why donʹt reptilian embryos dry out in a desert habitat?

A) The placenta facilitates gas exchange between the mother and the embryo.
B) Reptiles produce shelled amniotic eggs.
C) Reptile eggs are protected by a jelly-like coating.
D) Reptiles are endothermic.
E) Reptiles produce lots of defensive slime.

Question 46

Why canʹt amphibians be entirely terrestrial?

A) They have a three-chambered heart that is not efficient enough for terrestrial life.
B) Their digestion is adapted for consuming aquatic prey.
C) They do not have lungs but instead have gills that require water for gas exchange.
D) Their limbs are not adapted to support their bodies on land.
E) Their reproduction requires water to allow fertilization and keep eggs moist.

Question 47

Birds belong to a related group of vertebrates that includes all of the

A) ray-finned fishes.
B) lobe-finned fishes.
C) mammals.
D) amphibians.
E) reptiles.

Question 48

Which of the following best describes the major problem(s) amphibians face?

A) Developmental abnormalities from UV light exposure and ozone depletion
B) Fungal infection, bacterial infection, and prion infection
C) Habitat destruction, global warming, and X-ray exposure
D) A major decrease in populations due to a variety of factors, including toxins, UV exposure, fungal infections, and habitat destruction
E) Exposure to environmental toxins, global warming, and ozone depletion

Question 49

A terrestrial vertebrate that has scales and a three-chambered heart is a(n)

A) lobe-finned fish.
B) bird.
C) amphibian.
D) mammal.
E) reptile.

Question 50

Why have reptiles successfully adapted to land?

A) They nurse their young.
B) They are endothermic.
C) They have a two-chambered heart to maximize oxygen utilization.
D) They produce eggs that resist dehydration.
E) They lack gills at any point during their development.

Question 51

An animal that has a four-chambered heart, is endothermic, and does not give birth to live offspring can be classified as a(n)

A) bird.
B) mammal.
C) reptile.
D) mollusk.
E) amphibian.

Question 52

Although they are mammals, monotremes lack

A) ovaries in females.
B) a four-chambered heart.
C) hair.
D) nipples.
E) mammary glands.

Question 53

One adaptation that enables an animal to live successfully on dry land is

A) external fertilization.
B) gills.
C) development in a shelled egg.
D) a two-chambered heart.
E) moist skin used for gas exchange.

Question 54

Which characteristic do birds share with mammals?

A) Sweat glands
B) A four-chambered heart
C) Hollow bones
D) A single ovary in females
E) Mammary glands

Question 55

Which of the following is essential for birds to maintain their high metabolic rate?

A) Hollow bones, which decrease body mass
B) Extraordinary coordination by a well-developed nervous system
C) Embryonic development in a shelled amniotic egg
D) Skin that is used as a respiratory structure
E) A four-chambered heart, which maximizes oxygen delivery

Question 56

A marsupial is a(n)

A) amphibian.
B) bird.
C) mammal.
D) mollusk.
E) reptile.

Question 57

A tadpole is a(n)

A) amphibian.
B) cartilaginous fish.
C) invertebrate chordate.
D) jawless fish.
E) bony fish.

Question 58

Why are reptiles better adapted to land dwelling than amphibians are?

A) Their lungs have a smaller surface area for gas exchange.
B) Their embryos develop in a uterus.
C) Their two-chambered heart better mixes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
D) Their moist skin is used as a respiratory structure.
E) Their scaly skin prevents water loss.

Question 59

Why do amphibians need a moist environment?

A) Amphibians require a moist environment for their scales to develop.
B) Amphibians require a moist environment to support their body weight because their cartilaginous skeleton is weak.
C) Their eggs have only a jelly-like coating that needs to stay moist.
D) Amphibians eat only aquatic organisms.
E) The gills of the adult wonʹt work if they dry out.

Question 60

The high body temperature of birds and mammals is due to

A) the exchange of gases and nutrients via the placenta.
B) the fur that insulates them.
C) their high metabolic rates.
D) the presence of sweat, scent, and sebaceous glands.
E) behaviors such as basking in the sun and seeking shade.

Question 61

The shelled egg of reptiles prevents the egg from dehydrating.

Question 62

Salamanders are the only vertebrate capable of regenerating lost limbs.

Question 63

Craniates have skulls made of either bone or cartilage.

Question 64

Skates and other cartilaginous fishes lack jaws.

Question 65

The amnion creates an aquatic environment for developing embryos.

Question 66

Cartilaginous fishes have internal fertilization.

Question 67

All chordates have pharyngeal gill slits at some point during their development.)

Question 68

The notochord persists into adulthood in all chordates.

Question 69

To limit water loss in dry environments, reptiles breathe through their skin.

Question 70

The skeletons of ray-finned fishes are made of cartilage.

Question 71

The fins of the coelacanth have rod-shaped bones and thick muscles.

Question 72

Animals that have a ventral nerve cord during embryonic development are classified as chordates.

Question 73

Lampreys are endothermic.

Question 74

Hagfishes have three-chambered hearts, which improve gas exchange with the lungs.

Question 75

Hagfishes lack jaws.

Question 76

__________are the mammals with the greatest number of species.

A) Bats
B) Primates
C) Whales
D) Marsupials
E) Rodents

Question 77

During embryonic development, the tail in mammals extends past the anus.

Question 78

An animal without a vertebral column has an unprotected notochord.

Question 79

How do monotremes differ from other mammals?

A) They lay eggs.
B) They have a four-chambered heart.
C) They have hair.
D) They do not produce milk.
E) They have claws.

Question 80

Cartilaginous fishes lack gills in their adult form.