Deck 23: The Diversity of Fungi

Question 1

Molds easily contaminate foods because fungi

A) are unaffected by cooking.
B) have haploid bodies.
C) produce temporary, visible reproductive structures.
D) are not visible.
E) produce huge numbers of airborne spores.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which fungal group produces swimming, flagellated spores?

A) Chytrids
B) Zygomycetes
C) Ascomycetes
D) Basidiomycetes
E) Glomeromycetes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Fungal cell walls are different from plant cell walls because fungal walls contain

A) cellulose, whereas plant walls have chitin.
B) glycogen, whereas plant walls have cellulose.
C) chitin, whereas plant walls have cellulose.
D) cellulose, whereas plant walls have pectin.
E) chitin, whereas plant walls have starch.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Fungi are similar to plants because both

A) liberate nutrients from dead tissues.
B) have chloroplasts in their cells.
C) have cell walls surrounding their plasma membranes.
D) produce embryos when they reproduce.
E) are important producers in their ecosystems.

Question 5

Which polysaccharide is produced by both fungi and arthropods?

A) Glycogen
B) Fructose
C) Chitin
D) Cellulose
E) Glucose

Question 6

The worldwide die-off of frogs has been traced to infection by

A) chytrids.
B) zygomycetes.
C) ascomycetes.
D) basidiomycetes.
E) glomeromycetes.

Question 7

The mat-like structure composed of hyphal threads that forms the body of most fungi is called a(n)

A) zygospore.
B) basidium.
C) septum.
D) ascus.
E) mycelium.

Question 8

A zygosporangium is produced by

A) meiosis of megaspores.
B) mitosis of hyphae.
C) the union of two haploid hyphae.
D) meiosis of hyphae.
E) the union of egg and sperm.

Question 9

The interwoven mass of cells that forms large structures such as an earthstar or a mushroom is a

A) mycelium.
B) hypha.
C) root.
D) septum.
E) spore.

Question 10

Which of the following sequences describes sexual reproduction in the fungal life cycle?

A) The haploid zygote divides by meiosis to form haploid spores.
B) Free-swimming gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote, which grows by mitosis.
C) Diploid spores divide by meiosis to form haploid gametes, which join to form mycelia.
D) Haploid gametes divide by meiosis to produce a diploid zygote, which grows by mitosis to produce diploid mycelia.
E) The diploid zygote divides by meiosis to form haploid spores, which produce haploid mycelia through mitosis.

Question 11

According to the fossil record, the most ancient group of fungi is probably the

A) glomeromycetes.
B) chytrids.
C) ascomycetes.
D) zygomycetes.
E) basidiomycetes.

Question 12

Both bacteria and fungi digest food by

A) secreting enzymes and then absorbing the smaller molecules.
B) eating only small organisms that they can engulf.
C) forming food vacuoles through phagocytosis.
D) ingesting previously decomposed molecules.
E) photosynthesis.

Question 13

__________form beneficial symbiotic relationships with plant roots.

A) Zygomycetes
B) Basidiomycetes
C) Chytrids
D) Ascomycetes
E) Glomeromycetes

Question 14

Some fungi are predators (not parasites) of

A) nematodes (roundworms).
B) wheat.
C) chestnut and elm trees.
D) humans.
E) spiders.

Question 15

Fungi usually obtain food by

A) absorbing it and then digesting it within fungal cells.
B) producing antibiotics that internally destroy bacteria.
C) photosynthesis.
D) chemosynthesis.
E) digesting it externally and then absorbing it.

Question 16

In which environment would you most likely find chytrids?

A) A basket of overripe fruit
B) The back of the refrigerator
C) A warm swamp
D) A well-used gym bag

Question 17

The dominant generation in the fungal life cycle is usually

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) a sporophyte.
D) polyploid.
E) unicellular.

Question 18

Which of the following features are characteristic of fungi?

A) Cell walls, feeding by absorption, and usually filamentous bodies
B) Cell walls, chemosynthetic, heterotrophic
C) No cell walls, feeding by absorption, chemosynthesis
D) No cell walls, parasitic, heterotrophic
E) Cell walls, photosynthesis, and usually filamentous bodies

Question 19

The body of a fungus is generally composed of

A) mycorrhizae.
B) cellulose.
C) mold.
D) vascular tissue.
E) hyphae.

Question 20

When you eat mushrooms on your pizza, you are technically eating the

A) roots.
B) mycelium.
C) fungal leaves.
D) seeds.
E) chloroplasts.

Question 21

The conspicuous structures on the surface of a dead tree that indicate a fungus is growing inside are for

A) defense.
B) reproduction.
C) show only.
D) pollination.
E) feeding.

Question 22

When zygosporangia germinate, they must undergo __________before forming hyphae.

A) meiosis
B) fertilization
C) sporulation
D) mitosis

Question 23

Which of the following are among the first organisms to colonize barren habitats?

A) Mushrooms
B) Small mammals
C) Fungi
D) Plants
E) Lichens

Question 24

The specialized reproductive structures of sac fungi are called

A) basidia.
B) zygospores.
C) mycelia.
D) asci.
E) toadstools.

Question 25

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between

A) algae and plant roots.
B) fungi and plant stems.
C) animals and fungi.
D) plant roots and a fungus.
E) algae and fungi.

Question 26

The specialized reproductive structures of club fungi are called

A) zygospores.
B) basidia.
C) mycelia.
D) toadstools.
E) asci.

Question 27

Which fungal group is most commonly found in lichens?

A) Ascomycetes
B) Glomeromycetes
C) Basidiomycetes
D) Zygomycetes
E) Chytrids

Question 28

How are lichens and mycorrhizae similar?

A) Both form symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic species.
B) Both parasitize live plants, eventually killing them.
C) Both are saprophytes that decompose dead materials.
D) Both are pioneer species that colonize bare rock.

Question 29

Which fungal phylum usually carries on sexual reproduction?

A) Basidiomycetes
B) Glomeromycetes
C) Chytrids
D) Ascomycetes
E) Zygomycetes

Question 30

Why are fungi important in recycling woody plants?

A) Woody plants occupy the same environment as fungi.
B) Fungi have the internal digestion necessary to digest wood.
C) Fungi digest chloroplasts.
D) Fungi are the only organisms capable of digesting both cellulose and lignin.

Question 31

Mycorrhizae associations are

A) very unusual.
B) common only in nutrient-rich environments.
C) common only to species, such as grasses.
D) common; at least 80% of the species of plants form these associations.
E) absolutely necessary for survival.

Question 32

Which group of fungi appears to lack asexual reproduction?

A) Basidiomycetes
B) Glomeromycetes
C) Ascomycetes
D) Chytrids
E) All fungi have asexual reproduction.

Question 33

Black bread molds produce diploid reproductive structures called

A) zygosporangia.
B) mycelia.
C) basidia.
D) asci.
E) toadstools.

Question 34

The name sac fungi is appropriate for the ascomycetes because

A) the body of the fungus is a saclike shape.
B) they produce seeds in saclike structures.
C) they grow well in closed bags.
D) they produce spores in saclike structures.
E) it is best to carry them in a sack.

Question 35

If there were no fungi, which of the following would occur?

A) Plants would overrun the Earth.
B) Grazing animals would be unable to digest plants.
C) Oxygen production would stop.
D) Nutrient recycling would stop.

Question 36

In ascomycetes, the ascus functions in

A) asexual reproduction.
B) photosynthesis.
C) sexual reproduction.
D) vegetative growth.
E) digestion.

Question 37

What are lichens?

A) Archaea
B) Algae
C) Fungi
D) A symbiotic association of algae and Archaea
E) A symbiotic association of algae and fungi

Question 38

The photosynthetic component of a lichen is a(n)

A) ascomycetes.
B) arthropod or protist.
C) small plant.
D) alga or cyanobacterium.
E) basidiomycete.

Question 39

Mycorrhizae surround and infiltrate the__________ of vascular plants.

A) roots
B) seeds
C) stems
D) flowers
E) leaves

Question 40

Fungi that live inside plant leaves and provide protection from insects are

A) saprophytes.
B) mycorrhizae.
C) lichens.
D) endophytes.
E) photosynthetic.

Question 41

What gives blue cheeses such as Roquefort and Stilton their unique flavor?

A) Alcohol
B) Ascomycete mold
C) Yeast
D) Chytrids
E) Mushrooms

Question 42

If a strong fungicide is released and eliminates all the fungi in an ecosystem, which of the following is likely to happen?

A) An accumulation of dead and discarded plant and animal tissues
B) Faster breakdown of leaf litter
C) Improved growth of plant species
D) Improved soil fertility
E) Increased rate of photosynthesis

Question 43

Which of the following fungus causes ergot poisoning, a common cause of death in Europe in the Middle Ages?

A) Aspergillus
B) Truffles
C) Amanita
D) Claviceps purpurea
E) Candida albicans

Question 44

The highly toxic Aspergillus infects

A) bread.
B) human skin.
C) milk.
D) peanuts.
E) wheat.

Question 45

Which fungus group is responsible for Dutch elm disease and the destruction of the American elm?

A) Zygomycetes
B) Basidiomycetes
C) Chytrids
D) Ascomycetes
E) Glomeromycetes

Question 46

During alcohol fermentation, yeasts ferment

A) carbon dioxide.
B) oxygen gas.
C) chitin.
D) sugar.
E) complex carbohydrates.

Question 47

The antibiotic penicillin was originally derived from

A) Archaea.
B) chemical factories.
C) fungi.
D) plants.
E) bacteria.

Question 48

Ascomycetes produce which of the following?

A) Basidia
B) Chytrids
C) Black bread mold
D) Penicillin
E) Smuts and rusts

Question 49

The importance of fungi to ecosystems is mostly as a(n)

A) producer.
B) parasite.
C) predator.
D) decomposer.
E) symbiote.

Question 50

Single-celled fungi are known as

A) prokaryotes.
B) club fungi.
C) chytrids.
D) spores.
E) yeasts.

Question 51

Which of the following is an example of a parasitic fungal disease?

A) Trichinosis
B) Athleteʹs foot
C) Herpes
D) Sleeping sickness
E) Malaria

Question 52

Aflatoxins, which are highly toxic, carcinogenic compounds, come from

A) Amanita.
B) corn smut.
C) Claviceps purpurea.
D) Aspergillis.
E) Candida albicans.

Question 53

Histoplasmosis is caused by

A) inhaling certain fungal spores.
B) ergot poisoning.
C) carbon dioxide inhalation.
D) Amanita-induced liver failure.
E) eating too much yeast.

Question 54

__________causes human yeast infections.

A) Amanita
B) Claviceps purpurea
C) Candida albicans
D) Aspergillus

Question 55

What creates the holes in bread?

A) Yeast
B) Air
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Alcohol
E) Oxygen gas

Question 56

Which fungi produces toxins (including LSD) that can cause convulsions, hallucinations, and death if consumed by a person?

A) Deadly night shade
B) Aspergillus
C) Chytrid fungi
D) Claviceps purpurea
E) Candida albicans

Question 57

Rusts and smuts are examples of

A) mycorrhizae.
B) fungal plant diseases.
C) yeasts.
D) lichens.
E) human pathogens.

Question 58

Which of the following is a by-product of yeast fermentation?

A) Sugar
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Chitin
D) Carbon monoxide
E) Oxygen gas

Question 59

Fungal hyphae usually are diploid.

Question 60

Fungi are heterotrophs, but they do not ingest their food.

Question 61

Fairy rings are produced by basidiomycetes.

Question 62

Hyphae are divided into cells by__________ .

Question 63

Fungal cell walls are composed of lignin.

Question 64

In a lichen, __________produce sugars for the fungal partner.

Question 65

During asexual reproduction, fungi produce haploid spores via__________ .

Question 66

In the environment, fungi that feed off dead organic material are important __________.

Question 67

During sexual reproduction, fungi produce haploid spores via __________.

Question 68

Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin.

Question 69

Yeasts form a symbiotic relationship with a bacteria.

Question 70

Glomeromycetes reproduce by basidiospores.

Question 71

Chytrids reproduce by swimming__________ , which sets this group apart from other fungi.

Question 72

During sexual reproduction, the spores of the sac fungi develop in__________ .

Question 73

It is hypothesized that __________associations may have helped plants colonize dry land.

Question 74

Fungi that live symbiotically inside plants are __________.

Question 75

In black bread molds, the__________ produce haploid spores for asexual reproduction.

Question 76

Mycorrhizae help plants obtain water from the soil.

Question 77

Chytrids are the fungal species best adapted to colonizing dry environments.

Question 78

Fungi that feed on dead tissue are saprophytes.

Question 79

Lichens can form from the symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic bacterium and a fungus.

Question 80

Mycorrhizae are plant parasites.