Deck 20: The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

Question 1

Mobile prokaryotes can move around with the help of

A) endospores.
B) plasmids.
C) peptidoglycan.
D) flagella.
E) sex pili.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Cyanobacteria obtain energy from

A) sunlight.
B) digesting plants.
C) digesting cyanide.
D) parasitizing viruses.
E) digesting benzene.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Dental plaque is an example of

A) an endospore.
B) beneficial bacteria.
C) bacterial flagella.
D) a cell membrane.
E) a biofilm.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following is within the size range of a typical prokaryote?

A) A cell 2 micrometers in diameter
B) A cell 700 micrometers long
C) A cell the size of the period at the end of a sentence
D) A cell 100 micrometers in diameter
E) A cell 25 micrometers in diameter

Question 5

The classification of bacteria has historically been based on

A) pigments and presence of flagella.
B) nutrient requirements and pigments.
C) the appearance of colonies and rate of growth.
D) the means of locomotion and thickness of cell wall.
E) microbial nutrition, physical appearance, and how they move.

Question 6

Through which process are bacteria able to exchange genetic material?

A) Endospore formation
B) Sexual reproduction
C) Anaerobic respiration
D) Photosynthesis
E) Conjugation

Question 7

Peptidoglycan is found in the cell walls of

A) viruses.
B) plants.
C) fungi.
D) archaea.
E) bacteria.

Question 8

Which structure enables a bacterium to survive and infect a host even after a long period of desiccation?

A) Protein coat
B) Capsule
C) Pili
D) Slime layer
E) Endospore

Question 9

The oldest endospores to be revived and cultured to produce live bacteria are

A) 250 million years old.
B) 250,000 years old.
C) 2,500 years old.
D) 25,000 years old.
E) 250 years old.

Question 10

Mutations that improve the survival and reproduction of organisms, and thus contribute to the evolution of species, arise rapidly in prokaryotes due to their

A) cell wall composition.
B) absence of a nucleus.
C) rapid rate of cell division.
D) sexual reproduction.
E) anaerobic metabolism.

Question 11

What do the sticky layers of protective slime produced by some bacteria enable them to do?

A) Sexually reproduce
B) Move from one location to another
C) Acquire resistance to antibiotics
D) Survive extreme conditions for long periods of time
E) Stick together and form biofilms

Question 12

Bacterial cell walls contain __________, which makes them different from other organisms.

A) peptidoglycan
B) chitin
C) pectin
D) starch
E) cellulose

Question 13

In bacteria, the small, circular pieces of DNA that are located outside the chromosome are called

A) sex pili.
B) endospores.
C) flagella.
D) plasmids.
E) bacteriophages.

Question 14

In which of these environments would you normally find prokaryotes?

A) A spoonful of soil
B) Human skin
C) A single drop of seawater
D) An animalʹs intestinal tract
E) All of the above

Question 15

Some bacteria use H2S instead of H2O in photosynthesis, and they release

A) oxygen.
B) carbon monoxide.
C) ethanol.
D) sulfur.
E) acetic acid.

Question 16

What differentiates gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria?

A) The appearance of colonies
B) Nutrient requirements
C) The way the cell wall stains
D) The use of oxygen
E) The means of locomotion

Question 17

Bacterial endospores are used for

A) bioremediation.
B) keeping the bacteria alive under harsh conditions.
C) forming biofilms.
D) attracting viruses.
E) bacterial reproduction.

Question 18

Sex pili are prokaryotic structures that are used

A) for movement.
B) for adhering to surfaces.
C) during binary fission.
D) for gathering prey.
E) during conjugation.

Question 19

Binary fission is the method by which bacteria

A) move to new locations.
B) reproduce.
C) acquire genetic variation.
D) metabolize without oxygen.
E) survive extreme conditions for long periods of time.

Question 20

How do the flagella of bacteria differ from the flagella of archaea?

A) The flagella of archaea are scattered over the cell surface.
B) Bacterial flagella are used for reproduction.
C) Archaeal flagella are thinner than bacterial flagella.
D) Bacterial flagella cannot rotate.
E) Bacterial flagella occur at only one end of the cell.

Question 21

Short, circular strands of RNA that can cause plant diseases are called

A) viroids.
B) archaea.
C) viruses.
D) bacteria.
E) prions.

Question 22

Legumes obtain a useful form of__________ from bacteria that live in root nodules.

A) carbon
B) sulfur
C) oxygen
D) hydrogen
E) nitrogen

Question 23

Intestinal bacteria are necessary for plant-eating animals to digest

A) carbon dioxide.
B) cellulose.
C) lipids.
D) nitrogen.
E) proteins.

Question 24

The corkscrew-shaped bacterium__________ is vectored by ticks into humans and eventually may cause nervous system issues.

A) Escherichia coli
B) Borrelia burgdorferi
C) Clostridium tetani
D) Yersinia pestis
E) Clostridium botulium

Question 25

The use of bacteria to break down pollutants is referred to as

A) biofixation.
B) nitrogen-fixation.
C) biosynthesis.
D) bioremediation.
E) binary fission.

Question 26

Lyme disease is caused by

A) contaminated water.
B) nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
C) Clostridium botulinum.
D) rats.
E) Borellia burgdorferi.

Question 27

Viruses that attack prokaryotes are called

A) prions.
B) bacteriophages.
C) human pathogens.
D) viroids.
E) host cells.

Question 28

Which of the following causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)?

A) A virus
B) A bacterium
C) A viroid
D) A prion
E) An archaea

Question 29

Through which process do bacteria recycle nutrients in the environment?

A) Photosynthesis
B) Decomposition
C) Binary fission
D) Endospore formation
E) Conjugation

Question 30

Which of the following consists of a protein coat surrounding a molecule of genetic material?

A) Protists
B) Archaea
C) Viruses
D) Bacteria
E) Prions

Question 31

Which of the following plants contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its root nodules?

A) Soybeans
B) Corn
C) Potatoes
D) Tomatoes
E) Oranges

Question 32

Which of the following is a normal inhabitant of a cowʹs digestive tract that can cause harm to people when it contaminates ground beef?

A) Borrelia burgdorferi
B) Yersinia pestis
C) Clostridium tetani
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae
E) Escherichia coli

Question 33

Disease-causing bacteria are called

A) protozoa.
B) archaea.
C) cyanobacteria.
D) viroids.
E) pathogens.

Question 34

Oil spills are sprayed with bacterial cultures in order to

A) break down the oil.
B) kill the bacteria.
C) make the oil easier to wash away.
D) detoxify the oil.
E) prevent the oil from sticking to wildlife.

Question 35

The cause of tetanus is

A) Borrelia burgdorferi.
B) Escherichia coli.
C) Campylobacter.
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae.
E) Clostridium tetani.

Question 36

The causative agents of bubonic plague, which killed 100 million people during the 14th century, were

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) fleas.
D) rats.
E) fish.

Question 37

A virus basically consists of

A) RNA or DNA and a protein coat.
B) enzymes and a protein coat.
C) RNA or DNA and enzymes.
D) proteins and a cell membrane.
E) RNA or DNA and a membrane.

Question 38

__________are used in the production of foods such as yogurt, cheese, and sauerkraut.

A) Eukaryotes
B) Viruses
C) Viroids
D) Protists
E) Bacteria

Question 39

Which of the following has no organelles, ribosomes, or cytoplasm?

A) An alga
B) A cyanobacterium
C) A plant
D) A virus
E) A bacterium

Question 40

Which of the following is the dreaded ʺblack deathʺ bacterium?

A) Borrelia burgdorferi
B) Clostridium
C) Yersinia pestis
D) Escherichia coli
E) Streptococcus

Question 41

Bacteria are multicellular microbes.

Question 42

Which is the correct sequence of viral replication?

A) Penetration → genetic material replication → transcription → assembly → protein synthesis
B) Transcription → penetration → genetic material replication → assembly → protein synthesis
C) Genetic material replication → penetration → transcription → assembly → protein synthesis
D) Penetration → genetic material replication → transcription → protein synthesis → assembly
E) Penetration → transcription → assembly → genetic material replication → protein synthesis

Question 43

Antibiotics can be effective only against a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) viroid.
D) virus.

Question 44

The common cold is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 45

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or mad cow disease, is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 46

Rabies is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 47

Avocado sunblotch is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 48

Which of the following causes infectious sores on the mucous membranes of the mouth that occur during times of stress?

A) Prions
B) Bacillus anthracis
C) Listeria
D) Escherichia
E) Herpes virus

Question 49

Bacteria are able to increase their genetic variability by reproducing sexually.

Question 50

Which virus attacks white blood cells?

A) Rabies
B) Herpes
C) HIV
D) Smallpox
E) Influenza

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT alive?

A) Bacterium
B) Protist
C) Cyanobacterium
D) Virus
E) Plant

Question 52

Herpes is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 53

For which of the following diseases or conditions should antibiotics be used?

A) AIDS (to combat HIV)
B) Mad cow disease
C) Lyme disease
D) A common cold
E) Smallpox

Question 54

Bacterial endospores are easily damaged by heat and drying.

Question 55

Prions are

A) viral protein coats.
B) sexually transmitted bacteria.
C) bacterial proteins.
D) also known as viroids.
E) improperly folded proteins.

Question 56

Biofilms are the immune systemʹs way to keep pathogens from colonizing a host.

Question 57

Viroids

A) are infectious chains of amino acids.
B) have a plasma membrane.
C) are infectious pieces of RNA.
D) attack bacteria.
E) are infectious pieces of DNA enclosed in a protein coat.

Question 58

Bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 59

AIDS is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 60

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 61

All bacteria are harmful to humans.

Question 62

The classifications gram-positive and gram-negative are based on__________ of the bacterial cell wall.

Question 63

Viruses contain both DNA and RNA.

Question 64

Lyme disease is caused by__________ that are transmitted to humans by deer ticks.

Question 65

The bacterial cell wall can contain __________.

Question 66

Bioremediation is the process in which bacteria digest plants and release oily toxins.

Question 67

Cyanobacteria are__________ prokaryotes.

Question 68

Humans can eat live cultures of some bacteria without getting sick.

Question 69

The largest prokaryote is______ .

Question 70

Prions are made up of only protein.

Question 71

Unlike aerobic prokaryotes, anaerobic prokaryotes can obtain energy when__________ is not available.

Question 72

Anaerobic bacteria require high levels of oxygen to survive.

Question 73

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria remove nitrogen from plants and return it to the soil.

Question 74

Cyanobacteria obtain energy through __________.

Question 75

Because viruses have limited genetic material, their mutation rates are very low.)

Question 76

Organisms that produce disease are pathogens.

Question 77

Some archaea can live in boiling water.

Question 78

Smallpox is caused by infected rats.

Question 79

Many prokaryotes thrive in__________ environments, which lack oxygen.

Question 80

Kuru is caused by one of the archaea.