Deck 9: Cellular Reproduction

Question 1

A phosphate group binds to what molecule to create the ʺbackboneʺ of the DNA molecule?

A) Deoxyribose
B) Adenine
C) Ribose
D) Other phosphate molecules

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the longest-lasting phase of the prokaryotic cell cycle?

A) Prokaryotic fission
B) Meiosis
C) Fission of the plasma membranes at the cell equator
D) Cell growth and DNA replication

Answer 2

D

Question 3

As a result of mitosis, each of your body cells

A) changes genetically as you grow and develop.
B) contains unique genetic information.
C) is genetically identical to all other body cells.
D) contains only the genetic information needed for that type of cell.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Homologous chromosomes do not pair during mitosis.
B) Genes and chromosomes are duplicated during prophase.
C) New nuclei are formed during telophase.
D) Each species has a specific number of chromosomes.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about stem cells is TRUE?

A) They are ʺperpetualʺ parent cells that never produce daughter cells.
B) They are able to differentiate into a variety of cell types.
C) They are permanently differentiated and cannot further divide.
D) They are found only in embryos.
E) They are found only in embryos and in the bone marrow of adults.

Question 6

Genetic inheritance is based on what type of molecule?

A) DNA
B) Proteins
C) mRNA
D) Enzymes

Question 7

When a cell divides via asexual reproduction

A) each daughter cell receives the same amount of genetic information that was in the parent cell, but it has been altered.
B) the genetic information is randomly parceled out to the daughter cells.
C) each daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cellʹs genetic information.
D) each daughter cell receives exactly half the genetic information in the parent cell.

Question 8

A bacterial cell splits into two new cells by a process called

A) forming a cell furrow.
B) duplication.
C) mitosis.
D) prokaryotic fission.
E) forming a cell plate.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct structure of a nucleotide?

A) Base-sugar-base
B) Phospholipid-base-sugar
C) Phosphate-sugar-phosphate
D) Phosphate-sugar-base

Question 10

The repeating sequence of cells dividing, growing, and dividing again is called

A) fission.
B) the cell cycle.
C) stem cell differentiation.
D) homologous differentiation.

Question 11

The structure of DNA most resembles which of the comparisons below

A) a straight road.
B) beads on a string.
C) a pleated sheet.
D) a spiral staircase.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes?

A) Prokaryotic fission in the bacterium E. coli
B) The union of sperm and egg in sea urchins
C) Meiosis in plants
D) Budding in the protistan Hydra

Question 13

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The number of chromosomes remains constant throughout a life cycle.
B) More than 1,000 chromosomes are found in some organisms.
C) The more highly evolved a species is, the more chromosomes it possesses.
D) The number of chromosomes is the same for all members of a species.
E) Germ cells contain half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.

Question 14

All of the following may be found in a DNA nucleotide EXCEPT

A) phospholipid.
B) thymine.
C) adenine.
D) deoxyribose.

Question 15

Under ideal conditions, the prokaryotic cell cycle can

A) create more than two daughter cells per cell division.
B) occur in less than a half an hour.
C) skip prokaryotic fission.
D) involve sexual reproduction.

Question 16

Which of the following are permanently differentiated cells?

A) Stem cells
B) Most brain cells
C) Bone marrow cells
D) Newly formed daughter cells

Question 17

Cells with two of each kind of chromosome are described by the term

A) diploid.
B) haploid.
C) triploid.
D) polyploid.
E) tetraploid.

Question 18

Which statement is TRUE of the behavior of chromosomes in mitosis?

A) Each new cell receives half of the number of chromosomes in the original cell.
B) Each new cell receives copies of all the original chromosomes.
C) The sister chromosomes are not identical because of breakages in the DNA.
D) If the original number of chromosomes was 46, each new cell will have 23.
E) All chromosomes are duplicated except the sex chromosomes.

Question 19

What does the bacterial genome consist of?

A) Many rod-like DNA molecules with protein
B) DNA in mitochondria
C) One circular RNA molecule
D) Several circular DNA molecules
E) One circular DNA molecule

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE of cell division?

A) Each daughter cell receives half of the cytoplasm from the parent cell.
B) Each daughter cell receives one-third of the hereditary information in the parent cell.
C) The hereditary information is DNA in the parent cell and RNA in the daughter cells.
D) Three daughter cells are produced from one parent cell.

Question 21

In prokaryotes, the term prokaryotic fission specifically refers to

A) the growth phase of the cell cycle.
B) the attachment of replicated DNA to the plasma membrane.
C) asexual reproduction.
D) the addition of a new plasma membrane between what will become two daughter cells.

Question 22

How many nucleotides are in a human chromosome?

A) Four
B) Millions
C) Two
D) Thousands

Question 23

The terminal ends or ʺtipsʺ of a chromosome are called

A) genes.
B) loci.
C) telomeres.
D) centromeres.
E) chromatids.

Question 24

Proteins that resemble beads on which DNA molecules are wound are called

A) motor proteins.
B) kinetochores.
C) spindles.
D) centrioles.
E) histones.

Question 25

The site on a chromosome where microtubules attach during cell division is the

A) histone.
B) chromatid.
C) locus.
D) telomere.
E) centromere.

Question 26

The most common method of bacterial reproduction is

A) mutation.
B) prokaryotic fission.
C) meiosis.
D) budding.

Question 27

When chromosomes become visible during prophase of mitosis, it is the result of

A) uncoiling.
B) DNA synthesis.
C) condensation.
D) addition of proteins to the DNA.
E) chromatid duplication.

Question 28

Replication of the bacterial____________ is required before the bacterial cell can be duplicated.

A) gamete
B) nucleus
C) mitochondria
D) chromosome

Question 29

In prokaryotes, the daughter cells produced by prokaryotic fission

A) are, with the exception of random mutations, genetically identical to the parent cell.
B) can reproduce either by prokaryotic fission or by the production of gametes.
C) contain half the DNA of the original parent cell.
D) cannot replicate themselves.

Question 30

Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle?

A) G₂
B) M
C) S
D) D
E) G₁

Question 31

When the DNA in a cell is uncoiled and spread throughout the nucleus, it is called

A) a chromosome.
B) a centromere.
C) a chromatid.
D) chromatin.

Question 32

A portion of a DNA molecule wound around a ʺbeadʺ of histone protein is called a

A) centromere.
B) nucleosome.
C) cell cycle.
D) spindle.
E) furrow.

Question 33

In a eukaryotic cell that is undergoing cell division, what will become a new chromosome?

A) A chromatid
B) A telomere
C) A locus
D) A centromere

Question 34

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes differ?

A) Prokaryotic chromosomes are not contained in a membrane-bound organelle.
B) Prokaryotic chromosomes are not made from nucleotides.
C) Genetic information is stored as DNA in eukaryotic cells and as proteins in prokaryotic cells.
D) Eukaryotic chromosomes occur singly, and prokaryotic chromosomes occur as pairs.

Question 35

Which of these statements concerning the centromere is NOT true?

A) It is the attachment site for microtubules.
B) It appears to join duplicated DNAs.
C) It is temporary.
D) It anchors proteins to DNA.
E) Its position along the chromosome varies.

Question 36

In prokaryotes, the DNA molecule is

A) single-stranded.
B) circular.
C) made of sugars and lipids.
D) more than 1.8 meters (6 feet) long when uncoiled.

Question 37

What is the function of the histones that are found in a chromosome?

A) They contain the genes that code for various traits.
B) They provide support for the DNA to form into a supercoiled structure.
C) They bind nucleotides together to form a single strand of DNA.
D) They hold the DNA strands together in a form called the double helix.

Question 38

DNA replication occurs

A) at any time during cell division.
B) during prophase of mitosis.
C) immediately before prophase of mitosis.
D) during prophase of meiosis.
E) between the gap phases (G1 and G2) of interphase.

Question 39

Cells spend most of their time in what phase?

A) Cytokinesis
B) Prophase
C) Interphase
D) Mitosis

Question 40

Which of the following is the longest?

A) A condensed prokaryotic chromosome
B) A condensed eukaryotic chromosome
C) An uncondensed prokaryotic chromosome
D) An uncondensed eukaryotic chromosome

Question 41

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA and chromosome replication occur?

A) Cytokinesis
B) The S phase of interphase
C) The G1 phase of interphase
D) The mitotic phase

Question 42

At what phase in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A) M
B) G₀
C) S
D) G₁

Question 43

During which phase do chromosomes first become visible?

A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Interphase
D) Telophase

Question 44

The chromosomes and genes are actually replicated during

A) anaphase.
B) interphase.
C) telophase.
D) metaphase.
E) prophase.

Question 45

The interval before the onset of DNA replication is

A) all stages.
B) the S stage.
C) the M stage.
D) the G₂ stage.
E) the G₁ stage.

Question 46

All of the following eukaryotes can reproduce asexually EXCEPT

A) domestic dogs.
B) aspen trees.
C) Paramecium.
D) Hydra.
E) Amoeba.

Question 47

What structure is responsible for moving the chromosomes during mitosis?

A) spindle
B) nuclear membrane
C) nucleolus
D) cytoplasm

Question 48

Four of the five answers listed below are stages of actual nuclear division. Select the exception.

A) Prophase
B) Telophase
C) Interphase
D) Metaphase
E) Anaphase

Question 49

A contractile ring forms in which type of cells?

A) Bacteria and plants
B) Animals and plants
C) Plants
D) Animal

Question 50

Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis (I. metaphase, II. telophase, III. prophase,

A) IV, I, III, II
B) III, I, IV, II
C) I, II, III, IV
D) III, IV, I, II
E) I, III, IV, II

Question 51

A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division. How many daughter cells are produced, and what number of chromosomes do they have?

A) 4 daughter cells, 20 chromosomes each
B) 2 daughter cells, 5 chromosomes each
C) 1 daughter cell, 10 chromosomes each
D) 2 daughter cells, 10 chromosomes each

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT correct?

A) Mitosis produces genetically identical cells.
B) All somatic cells are produced by mitosis.
C) Cytokinesis is a part of mitosis.
D) Metaphase occurs before anaphase.

Question 53

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following can occur during the stages of mitosis?

A) Replication of DNA
B) Synapsis and crossing over
C) Fragmentation and disappearance of nuclear envelope and nucleolus
D) Duplication of chromatids
E) All of these

Question 54

The spindle apparatus begins to become visible during

A) anaphase.
B) prophase.
C) telophase.
D) interphase.
E) metaphase.

Question 55

Each chromosome consists of two

A) daughter cells.
B) centrofibers.
C) chromatids.
D) centrioles.

Question 56

The spindle fibers are produced by the

A) chromatin.
B) centrioles.
C) nucleus.
D) chromosomes.

Question 57

Beginning with a newly formed daughter cell, what is the order of the other stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

A) Mitosis, S, G₁, G₂
B) G₁, S, G₂, mitosis
C) G₁, G₂, mitosis, S
D) Mitosis, G₁, G₂, S

Question 58

The two main stages of the cell cycle are called

A) interphase and anaphase.
B) mitosis and interphase.
C) cytokinesis and mitosis.
D) telophase and cytokinesis.

Question 59

Which of the following organisms does NOT reproduce its cells by mitosis and cytokinesis?

A) A cockroach
B) A mushroom
C) A bacterium
D) A cow
E) A banana tree

Question 60

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle do growth and nutrient acquisition occur?

A) Cytokinesis
B) The S phase of interphase
C) The mitotic phase
D) The G1 phase of interphase

Question 61

What is the function of centrioles?

A) They are required for DNA replication.
B) They cause cytokinesis via the concentric shortening of microtubules.
C) They are the structure that holds the two daughter chromatids together at the centromere.
D) They produce microtubules for the chromosomes to migrate along as they move to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 62

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?

A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase

Question 63

Four of the five answers listed below are events occurring during mitosis. Select the exception.

A) Attachment of spindle microtubules to centromeres
B) Chromosome replication
C) Lining up of chromosomes at the cellular equator
D) Division of centromere
E) Migration of chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell

Question 64

The nuclear membrane re-forms during

A) metaphase.
B) interphase.
C) telophase.
D) prophase.
E) anaphase.

Question 65

The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during

A) mitosis.
B) karyokinesis.
C) meiosis.
D) prokaryotic fission.
E) cytokinesis.

Question 66

In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

A) 16
B) 8
C) 64
D) 32
E) 4

Question 67

If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, how many sister chromatids will be present after duplication of the chromosomes?

A) 16
B) 8
C) 64
D) 4
E) 32

Question 68

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense?

A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase

Question 69

The spindle apparatus is made of

A) chromatids.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) microtubules.
D) Golgi bodies.
E) nucleoprotein.

Question 70

The chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during

A) telophase.
B) metaphase.
C) prophase.
D) anaphase.
E) interphase.

Question 71

Four of the five answers listed below assist in chromosome movement. Select the exception.

A) Centromere
B) Spindle microtubules
C) Kinetochores
D) Nuclear envelope
E) Centriole

Question 72

In plant cytokinesis, cellulose is laid down forming

A) a cleavage furrow.
B) a plasma membrane.
C) a middle lamella.
D) cell walls.
E) a cell plate.

Question 73

Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?

A) Sister
B) Mother
C) Daughter
D) Either mother or daughter.
E) Programmed

Question 74

The chromosomes are moving to opposite poles during

A) anaphase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) interphase.
E) telophase.

Question 75

In which of the stages below does each chromosome consist of two DNA molecules? (I. metaphase,

A) I, III, and IV
B) I, II, and III
C) III and IV
D) I, II, III, and IV
E) I and III

Question 76

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?

A) Telophase
B) Anaphase
C) Prophase
D) Metaphase

Question 77

Which of the following is correct?

A) Interphase is characterized by little cellular activity, as the cell is resting to prepare for the next mitotic event.
B) The nucleolus reappears following telophase.
C) The chromosomes shorten and thicken during prophase.
D) All of the above.

Question 78

The chromosomes have arrived at opposite poles during

A) interphase.
B) anaphase.
C) prophase.
D) telophase.
E) metaphase.

Question 79

The chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) telophase.
D) metaphase.
E) anaphase.

Question 80

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in mitotic cell division?

A) Prophase → metaphase → anaphase → telophase
B) Metaphase → prophase → anaphase → telophase
C) Telophase → anaphase → prophase → metaphase
D) Anaphase → telophase → prophase → metaphase