Deck 2: Defining the Marketing Research

Question 1

Which of the following statements about secondary data is true?

A) Secondary data are originated by the researcher for the specific purpose of addressing the research problem at hand.
B) Primary data should not be collected until the available secondary data have been fully analyzed.
C) Secondary data are an economical and quick source of background information.
D) Both B and C are true.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Because of potential difficulties when seeking advice from experts, it is best to use interviews with experts when conducting marketing research _.

A) in situations where little information is available from other sources
B) for products of a technical nature
C) for industrial firms
D) all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Media consumption behavior and response to promotions, price sensitivity, and retail outlets patronized are factors that should be considered in the component of the environmental context of the problem.

A) buyer behavior
B) objectives
C) economic environment
D) legal environment

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The researcher should rely on to determine which variables should be investigated.

A) an analytical model
B) theory
C) objective evidence
D) all of the above

Question 5

Regulatory policies and norms within which organizations must operate refer to the _ factor of the environmental context of the problem.

A) objectives
B) buyer behavior
C) legal environment
D) economic environment

Question 6

is a problem that entails determining what information is needed and how it can be obtained in the most feasible way.

A) Problem definition
B) The marketing research problem
C) The management decision problem
D) The environmental context of the problem

Question 7

According to the problem definition and approach development process as shown in Figure 2.1 in the text, the tasks involved in problem definition consist of all of the following except .

A) discussions with the decision makers
B) analysis of secondary data
C) analysis of project costs
D) interviews with industry experts

Question 8

The interaction between the DM and the researcher should be characterized by the seven Cs. Which of the following is not one of the seven Cs?

A) communication
B) causality
C) continuity
D) candor

Question 9

are refined statements of the specific components of the problem.

A) Analytical models
B) Marketing research problems
C) Research questions
D) Hypotheses

Question 10

In the example given in your text, the International Royal Bakery in the U.A.E. addressed research questions including of all of the following except .

A) What are the opinions of senior managers at IRB?
B) What are the marketing mix strategies used by each of the major players?
C) What are the macro bread- consumption trends of the bread market in the U.A.E.?
D) Who are the major players in the bread market?

Question 11

Interviews with industry experts-individuals knowledgeable about the firm and the industry -may help formulate the marketing research problem. Which of the following statements is true about interviews with industry experts?

A) Typically, expert information is obtained by unstructured personal interviews without administering a formal questionnaire.
B) These experts may be found both inside and outside the firm.
C) It is helpful to prepare a list of topics to be covered during the interview.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 12

The is a comprehensive examination of a marketing problem with the purpose of understanding its origin and nature.

A) problem definition
B) problem audit
C) management problem
D) none of the above

Question 13

consists of the factors that have an impact on the definition of the marketing research problem, including past information and forecasts, resources and constraints of the firm, objectives of the decision maker, buyer behavior, legal environment, economic environment, and marketing and technological skills of the firm.

A) Problem definition
B) The environmental context of the problem
C) Research design
D) The approach to the problem

Question 14

A is a set of variables and their interrelationships designed to represent, in whole or in part, some real system or process.

A) verbal model
B) graphical model
C) mathematical model
D) all of the above

Question 15

Based on Table 2.1 in the text, which statement is true about the marketing research problem?

A) It is information oriented.
B) It focuses on symptoms.
C) It focuses on underlying causes.
D) Both A and C are correct.

Question 16

Many factors have an impact on the definition of the marketing research problem. These factors encompass the environmental context of the problem. Which of the following is not one of the factors?

A) past information and forecasts pertaining to the industry and the firm
B) marketing and technological skills of the firm
C) objectives
D) geographical environment

Question 17

Which statement about hypotheses is not true?

A) It is possible to formulate hypotheses in all situations.
B) An important role of a hypothesis is to suggest variables to be included in the research design.
C) A hypothesis is an unproven statement or proposition about a factor or phenomenon that is of interest to the researcher.
D) Hypotheses are declarative and can be tested empirically.

Question 18

Which of the following ethical issues is (are) important in developing an approach?

A) When a client asks for proposals, not with the intent of subcontracting the research, but with the intent of gaining the expertise of research firms without pay, an ethical breach has occurred.
B) Proprietary models and approaches developed by a research firm are the property of that firm and should not be reused by the client in subsequent studies without the permission of the research firm.
C) The research firm has the ethical obligation to develop an appropriate approach.
D) All of the issues are important.

Question 19

A conceptual scheme based on foundational statements called axioms, which are assumed to be true, is .

A) an analytical model
B) a theory
C) objective evidence
D) none of the above

Question 20

It is important to perform a problem audit because .

A) the DM knows the cause of the problem
B) the DM, in most cases, has only a vague idea of what the problem is
C) DMs tend to focus on symptoms rather than on causes
D) both B and C are correct

Question 21

Which statement is true concerning defining the marketing research problem?

A) The marketing research problem should be stated in broad, general terms with specific components identified.
B) The definition should allow the researcher to obtain all the information needed to address the management decision problem.
C) The definition should guide the researcher in proceeding with the project.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 22

Before defining the problem, the researcher must isolate and examine the impact of the self- reference criterion (SRC), or the unconscious reference to one's own cultural values. Which of the following steps does not help researchers account for environmental and cultural differences when defining the problem in an international marketing context?

A) Define the marketing research problem in terms of foreign environmental and cultural factors. Make no judgments. This involves an identification of the related traits, economics, values, needs, or habits in the proposed market culture. This task requires input from researchers familiar with the foreign environment.
B) Isolate the self- reference criterion (SRC) influence on the problem and examine it carefully to see how it complicates the problem.
C) Define the marketing research problem in terms of domestic environmental and cultural factors. This involves an identification of relevant Arab (domestic country) traits, economics, values, needs, or habits.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 23

According to Figure 2.1 in the text, the components of the consist of: objective/theoretical foundations, analytical models, research questions, hypotheses, and specification of the information needed.

A) management decision problem
B) marketing research problem
C) environmental context of the problem
D) approach to the problem

Question 24

The management decision problem focuses on , while the marketing research problem focuses on .

A) symptoms; underlying causes
B) symptoms; solutions
C) solutions; underlying causes
D) none of the above

Question 25

The need for the researcher to understand the nature of what decision managers face and what they hope to learn from research is one of the reasons to conduct .

A) qualitative research
B) interviews with experts
C) discussions with decision makers
D) secondary data analysis

Question 26

Ethical issues arise if the process of defining the problem and developing an approach is compromised by the personal agendas of the client (DM) or the researcher. Which of these statements concerning ethics in marketing research is not true?

A) The DM has the obligation to be candid and disclose to the researcher all the relevant information that will enable a proper definition of the marketing research problem.
B) The researcher is ethically bound to offer the most expensive set of services to each client.
C) The researcher is ethically bound to define the problem so as to further the best interest of the client, rather than the interest of the research firm.
D) The problem definition process is adversely affected when the DM has hidden objectives such as gaining a promotion.

Question 27

Based on Table 2.1 in the text, which statement is true about the management decision problem?

A) It focuses on the underlying causes.
B) It asks what the decision maker needs to do.
C) It is information oriented.
D) It asks what information is needed and how it should be obtained.

Question 28

In the process of developing an approach, research should be based on objective evidence and supported by theory. A theory .

A) also plays a vital role in influencing the research procedures adopted in basic research
B) serves as a foundation on which the researcher can organize and interpret the findings
C) is incomplete
D) all of the above

Question 29

Unbiased evidence that is supported by empirical findings is _ .

A) an analytical model
B) a theory
C) objective evidence
D) none of the above

Question 30

In the example of McDonald's introduction of McArabia into the Egyptian market given in your text, McDonald's used an understanding of _ _ to identify the real causes that led to the failure of the McFalafel.

A) the legal environment
B) the economic environment
C) objectives
D) buyer behavior

Question 31

is an unstructured, exploratory research methodology based on small samples intended to provide insight and understanding of the problem setting.

A) Quantitative research
B) Secondary research
C) Qualitative research
D) Primary research

Question 32

The outputs of the approach development process should include all of the following components except .

A) hypotheses
B) objective/theoretical framework
C) analytical models
D) all of the above

Question 33

is not a qualitative research technique.

A) Depth interview
B) Word association
C) Conclusive research
D) Focus group

Question 34

is the problem confronting the decision maker. It asks what the decision maker needs to do.

A) The marketing research problem
B) The management decision problem
C) The environmental context of the problem
D) Problem definition

Question 35

As one of the seven Cs that characterize the interaction between the DM and the researcher, confidence is best defined as: .

A) the interaction between the DM and the researcher should be creative rather than formulaic
B) there should not be any hidden agendas, and an attitude of openness should prevail
C) marketing research is a team project in which both parties (DM and researcher) must cooperate
D) the interaction between the DM and the researcher should be guided by mutual trust

Question 36

To identify the management problem, the researcher must possess considerable skill in interacting with the DM. Which of the following is a factor that might complicate this interaction?

A) There may be more than one key DM, and meeting with them collectively or individually may be difficult.
B) Access to the DM may be difficult, and some organizations have complicated protocols for access to top executives.
C) The organizational status of the researcher or the research department may make it difficult to reach the key DM in the early stages of the project.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 37

The is a broad statement of the general problem and identification of the specific components of the marketing research problem.

A) management problem
B) problem definition
C) problem audit
D) none of the above

Question 38

To formulate a marketing research problem of appropriate scope, it is necessary to take into account both the resources available, such as money and research skills, and the constraints on the organization, such as cost and time. These considerations refer to which of the factors related to the environmental context of the problem?

A) buyer behavior
B) legal environment
C) economic environment
D) resources and constraints

Question 39

If the management decision problem is: "Should a new product be introduced?" what is the most appropriate marketing research problem?

A) determining the impact of new distribution outlets
B) determining consumer preferences and purchase intentions for the proposed new product
C) determining the effectiveness of the current advertising campaign
D) determining the price elasticity of demand and the impact on sales and profits of various levels of price changes

Question 40

The provides a useful framework for interacting with the DM and identifying the underlying causes of the problem.

A) problem audit
B) problem definition
C) management problem
D) none of the above

Question 41

The economic environment component of the environmental context is comprised of purchasing power, gross income, disposable income, discretionary income, prices, savings, credit availability, and general economic conditions.

Question 42

DMs tend to focus on symptoms rather than causes.

Question 43

The organizational status of the researcher or the research department may make it easy to reach the key DM in the early stages of the project.

Question 44

The problem audit provides a useful framework for interacting with the researcher and identifying the underlying causes of the problem.

Question 45

To understand the background of a marketing research problem, the researcher must understand the client's firm and industry.

Question 46

Information obtained from the DM, industry experts, and secondary data may not be sufficient to define the research problem.

Question 47

Problem definition is the most important step in the marketing research project.

Question 48

Analysis of available secondary data is a non- essential step in the problem definition process.

Question 49

Being too familiar with the environmental factors of the country where the research is being conducted can greatly increase the difficulty of understanding the problem's environmental context and uncovering its causes.

Question 50

Research questions ask what general information is required with respect to the problem components.

Question 51

SPSS can be used to perform forecasts and "what- if" analyses to help the researcher in isolating the underlying causes, identifying the relevant variables that should be investigated, and formulating appropriate research questions and hypotheses.

Question 52

The management decision problem is action oriented.

Question 53

The marketing research problem asks what the DM needs to do, whereas the management decision problem asks what information is needed and how it can best be obtained (Table 2.1 in the text).

Question 54

Hypotheses go beyond research questions because they are statements of relationships or propositions rather than merely questions to which answers are sought.

Question 55

In instances where the resources are too limited to allow a high- quality project, the firm should be advised not to undertake formal marketing research.

Question 56

"The DM and the researcher must interact continually rather than sporadically" is an explanation of one of the 7 Cs known as continuity.

Question 57

Graphical models are analytical models that provide a visual picture of the relationships between variables.

Question 58

The second part of the marketing research problem definition is specific components. The specific components focus on the key aspects of the problem and provide clear guidelines on how to proceed further.

Question 59

Past information and forecasts of trends with respect to sales, market share, profitability, technology, population, demographics, and lifestyle can help the researcher understand the underlying marketing research problem.

Question 60

Where appropriate, analysis of past information and forecasts of trends should be carried out at the firm's department level.

Question 61

Explain the concept of an analytical model and discuss the different forms of analytical models. Using the marketing scenario of your choice, provide an example of each model. Each model should depict the same scenario.

Question 62

The marketing research problem is information oriented.

Question 63

Briefly discuss problem definition and why it is the most important task in the marketing research project.

Question 64

The economic environment includes public policies, laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence and regulate various organizations and individuals in society.

Question 65

Verbal, graphical, and mathematical models depict the same phenomenon or theoretical framework in different ways.

Question 66

To properly identify the marketing research problem, it is best to state the problem in narrow, specific terms and identify its broad concepts.

Question 67

The problem audit involves discussions with the DM on numerous issues. List and elaborate on these issues.

Question 68

Discuss the two potential difficulties that may arise when seeking advice from experts.

Question 69

Explain the structure of a well- defined marketing research problem, including the broad statement and the specific components.

Question 70

"The number and geographical location of the buyers and non- buyers" is a factor that should be considered in the "objectives" component of the environmental context of the problem.

Question 71

A problem audit, which involves extensive interaction between the DM and the researcher, can greatly facilitate problem definition by determining the underlying causes. The interaction between the researcher and the DM is facilitated when one or more people in the client organization serve as a liaison and form a team with the marketing researcher. In order to be fruitful, the interaction between the DM and the researcher should be characterized by the seven Cs. List and describe the seven Cs.

Question 72

Better communication and more involvement in problem definition are the most frequently mentioned ways of improving the usefulness of research.

Question 73

The purpose of interviewing experts is to help define the marketing research problem rather than to develop a conclusive solution.