Deck 18: The Brain and the Cranial Nerves

Question 1

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the motor speech area (Broca's area)?

A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a part of the hypothalamus?

A) preoptic region
B) tuberal region
C) supraoptic region
D) intermediate mass

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The regions of the brain stem involved in the control of respiration are the

A) medulla and pons.
B) pons and midbrain.
C) midbrain and medulla.
D) midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The infundibulum is the anatomical link between the brain and the pituitary gland, and therefore it is the primary link between the nervous and endocrine systems. Structures contained in the infundibulum consist of which of the following?

A) a tract that transports hormones from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei to the posterior pituitary
B) small blood vessels that transport regulating hormones from the median eminence of the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
C) Both choices are correct.
D) Neither choice is correct.

Question 5

Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?

A) facial VII
B) trigeminal V
C) glossopharyngeal IX
D) vagus X

Question 6

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary motor area?

A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 7

Circumventricular organs in the wall of the third ventricle lack a blood-brain barrier. This enables them to

A) facilitate the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles.
B) monitor the chemical composition of the blood.
C) secrete cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles.
D) all of these choices.

Question 8

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about a feature of the medulla oblongata?

A) The inferior cerebellar peduncles are fiber tracts that connect the olives of the medulla to the cerebellum.
B) The vestibular nuclear complex is found mostly in the medulla.
C) Pyramids contain the main sensory tracts that pass through the brain stem from the spinal cord; they are visible on the dorsal surface of the medulla.
D) Vital reflex centers for control of heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure are located in the medulla.

Question 9

A midsagittal section of the brain would pass through which of the following?

A) longitudinal fissure
B) corpus callosum
C) falx cerebri
D) all of these choices

Question 10

The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

A) is the same thing as the blood-brain barrier.
B) is due mainly to tight junctions between endothelial cells of the capillaries throughout the brain tissue.
C) protects the neurons of the brain and spinal cord from potentially harmful substances in the blood.
D) is another name for cranial meninges.

Question 11

The corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains _____ tracts.

A) association
B) commissural
C) projection
D) all of these choices

Question 12

Choroid plexuses are specialized capillaries in the CNS that 1. are covered by ependymal cells.
2) are located in the walls of the ventricles.
3) are located in the dural venous sinuses.
4) are the sites for reabsorption of CSF.
5) are derived from the arachnoid layer of the meninges.

A) 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 2, 4, 5
C) 1, 2
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 13

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area?

A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 14

A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin?

A) maxillary branch of cranial nerve V
B) mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
C) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
D) cranial nerve VII

Question 15

The tectum of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations

A) called substantia nigra.
B) that control all subconscious muscle activities.
C) that transmit all sensory and motor information between the upper and lower brain regions.
D) that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli.

Question 16

The cerebellar peduncles conduct information into and out of the cerebellum. The correct statement is

A) the superior cerebellar peduncles conduct only sensory information.
B) the inferior cerebellar peduncles contain only motor fibers.
C) the middle cerebellar peduncles contain only afferent (sensory) fibers.
D) none of these choices.

Question 17

The postcentral gyrus is in the _____ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary _____ area.

A) parietal, somatosensory
B) parietal, motor
C) frontal, somatosensory
D) frontal, motor

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the basal nuclei is/are TRUE?

A) The caudate nucleus consists of the globus pallidus and the putamen.
B) The corpus striatum consists of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.
C) The putamen and caudate nucleus regulate muscle tone required for specific movements
D) all of these choices.

Question 19

Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve(s)? 1. trochlear IV
2) optic II
3) oculomotor III
4) trigeminal V
5) abducens VI

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 3, 4, 5
C) 1, 2, 4
D) 1, 3, 5

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an extension of the dura mater?

A) falx cerebelli
B) falx cerebri
C) tentorium cerebelli
D) epidural space

Question 21

Which is a function of the trigeminal (V) nerve?

A) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp
B) turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle
C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball; constriction of pupil
D) causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle

Question 22

In what part of the brain would you find the cerebral peduncles?

A) midbrain
B) medulla oblongata
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebrum

Question 23

Which is a function of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve?

A) conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue
B) conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles
C) conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
D) controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing

Question 24

In what part of the brain would you find the hippocampus?

A) thalamus
B) limbic system
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum

Question 25

Which is a function of the abducens (VI) nerve?

A) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp
B) turns eyeball medially via medial rectus muscle
C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball, constriction of pupil
D) causes movement of eyeball via lateral rectus muscle

Question 26

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and most anesthetics readily pass through the blood-brain barrier.

Question 27

Pigmented nuclei in the midbrain called substantia nigra control subconscious muscle activities.

Question 28

Which is a function of the vagus (X) nerve?

A) conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue
B) conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles
C) conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
D) controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing

Question 29

In what part of the brain would you find the oval shaped swellings called olives?

A) midbrain
B) medulla oblongata
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebrum

Question 30

In what part of the brain would you find the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei?

A) thalamus
B) medulla oblongata
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebrum

Question 31

In what part of the brain would you find the corpus striatum?

A) midbrain
B) medulla oblongata
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebrum

Question 32

Which is a function of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve?

A) conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue
B) conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles
C) conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
D) controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing

Question 33

Which is a function of the accessory (XI) nerve?

A) conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue
B) conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles
C) conveys motor impulses to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
D) controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing

Question 34

Which is a function of the olfactory (I) nerve?

A) conveys nerve impulses related to smell
B) conveys nerve impulses related to vision
C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball; constriction of pupil
D) causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle

Question 35

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary auditory area?

A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 36

In what part of the brain would you find the insula?

A) thalamus
B) medulla oblongata
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebrum

Question 37

In what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae?

A) thalamus
B) limbic system
C) cerebellum
D) pons

Question 38

Which is a function of the facial (VII) nerve?

A) conveys nerve impulses related to smell
B) turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle
C) conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
D) conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium

Question 39

Which is a function of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

A) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp
B) turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle
C) conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
D) conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium

Question 40

Small openings in the roof of the third ventricle allow passage of CSF into the subarachnoid space.

Question 41

List the secondary brain vesicles and state which parts of the brain develop from each.

Question 42

Describe the route traveled by cerebrospinal fluid from production until it is reabsorbed into venous blood.

Question 43

Discuss the location of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in relation to the basic functions of CSF; i.e., how does location facilitate function?

Question 44

The structure indicated by the arrow is the _____.

A) pons
B) midbrain
C) thalamus
D) medulla oblongata

Question 45

The pineal gland is attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the trigeminal (V) nerve?

A) mandibular
B) ophthalmic
C) temporal
D) maxillary

Question 47

Describe the blood-brain barrier and explain how it controls the movement of substances between the blood and brain tissue. Give examples of substances that readily cross the BBB.

Question 48

List, in order from anterior to posterior, the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Indicate whether each is sensory, motor, or mixed in function. State a main function for each nerve.

Question 49

The cranial nerve which conveys parasympathetic control of most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities is

A) accessory (XI) nerve
B) glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
C) facial (VII) nerve
D) vagus (X) nerve

Question 50

The transverse fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

Question 51

A broad region where gray matter and white matter show a netlike arrangement in the brain stem and the inferior part of the diencephalon, and whose function is to influence muscle tone and to cause arousal from sleep are collectively referred to as the

A) reticular formation
B) medial lemniscus
C) cerebral peduncles
D) cerebellar peduncles

Question 52

The structure indicated by the arrow

A) is where the rubrospinal tract begins.
B) is where the corticospinal tract decussates.
C) is where the spinothalamic tract crosses.
D) is where third-order neurons of the posterior (dorsal) column tract originate.

Question 53

This structure arises from the _____.]

A) telencephalon.
B) mesencephalon.
C) metencephalon.
D) diencephalon.

Question 54

All cranial nerves are mixed nerves.

Question 55

The lateral cerebral sulcus primarily separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe.

Question 56

Which of the following is incorrectly matched regarding the midbrain?

A) Inferior colliculi; reflex centers for sudden movements of the head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli
B) Superior colliculi; reflex centers for movements of the eyes, head and neck in response to visual stimuli
C) Red nucleus; origin of the tectospinal tract
D) Substantia nigra; production of the neurotransmitter dopamine

Question 57

The hypothalamic mammillary bodies serve as relay stations for reflexes related to the sense of smell.

Question 58

The structure indicated by the arrow is involved with which function?

A) vision
B) hearing
C) taste
D) smell

Question 59

List the four main regions of the hypothalamus. Name the nuclei located in each region.

Question 60

Which lobe(s) of the cerebellum controls subconscious movement of skeletal muscles?

A) anterior and posterior
B) flocculonodular
C) anterior and flocculonodular
D) posterior and flocculonodular

Question 61

The structure indicated by the arrow is primarily involved in vision.

Question 62

Loss of cholinergic neurons (release ACh), and the presence of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the hallmark features of what disease?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Cerebral Palsy
C) Epilepsy
D) TIA

Question 63

During development, most of the protective structures of the brain, that is, most of the bones of the skull, associated connective tissues, and meningeal membranes arise from

A) the neural crest.
B) the neural tube.
C) the diencephalons.
D) the rhombencephalon.

Question 64

This structure separates what two cerebral lobes?

A) temporal and parietal
B) frontal and parietal
C) temporal and occipital
D) occipital and parietal

Question 65

The Reticular Activating System receives input from ALL of the following types of stimuli except

A) visual.
B) auditory.
C) smell.
D) pain.

Question 66

The structure indicated by the arrow is the

A) Central sulcus
B) Lateral sulcus
C) Transverse fissure
D) Longitudinal fissure

Question 67

This structure is separated from the frontal lobe by the

A) central sulcus.
B) falx cerebri.
C) lateral cerebral sulcus.
D) transverse fissure.

Question 68

The structure indicated by the arrow is separated from the occipital lobe of the cerebrum by the

A) transverse fissure
B) longitudinal fissure
C) central sulcus
D) lateral sulcus

Question 69

This structure is separated from the occipital lobe of the cerebrum by a fold of the dura mater referred to as the

A) transverse fissure.
B) longitudinal fissure.
C) falx cerebri.
D) tentorium cerebelli.

Question 70

The structure indicated by the arrow is primarily involved with which of the following?

A) smell
B) vision
C) motor control
D) sensory perception

Question 71

This structure is separated from the cerebellum by the

A) central sulcus.
B) transverse fissure.
C) longitudinal fissure.
D) falx cerebelli.

Question 72

The structure indicated by the arrows is the

A) cerebral peduncle
B) medullary pyramid
C) vermis
D) cerebellar peduncle

Question 73

What collection of commissural fibers is located deep in this structure?

A) association tracts
B) corpus callosum
C) internal capsule
D) projections tracts

Question 74

This structure sends information directly to the cerebellum via the _____ cerebellar peduncles.

A) superior
B) middle
C) inferior

Question 75

The primary _____ area is located here.

A) breathing
B) sensory
C) cardiovascular
D) speech