Deck 19: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds with which of the following types of receptors? 1. alpha
2) beta
3) nicotinic
4) muscarinic

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 2 only
C) 3, 4 only
D) 3 only

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels is a(n) _____ response.

A) cholinergic
B) parasympathetic
C) adrenergic
D) voluntary

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following responses is a result of sympathetic stimulation?

A) decreased heart rate
B) decreased diameter (constriction) of the pupils
C) increased digestive secretions
D) increased rate and depth of breathing

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Arrange the following components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper order: 1. preganglionic motor neuron
2) receptor
3) integrating center (interneurons)
4) postganglionic motor neuron
5) visceral effector
6) autonomic ganglion
7) sensory neuron

A) 7, 2, 1, 3, 4, 6, 5
B) 1, 2, 7, 3, 6, 5, 4
C) 2, 1, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5
D) 2, 7, 3, 1, 6, 4, 5

Question 5

Autonomic plexuses in the thorax, abdomen and pelvis may contain

A) sympathetic ganglia.
B) axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons.
C) axons of autonomic sensory neurons.
D) All of these choices.

Question 6

Somatic motor neurons synapse with which of the following?

A) an autonomic ganglion
B) the adrenal medulla
C) directly with a visceral effector
D) directly with skeletal muscle cells

Question 7

Activation of nicotinic receptors by acetylcholine (ACh) triggers which response in a postsynaptic cell?

A) always excitatory
B) always inhibitory
C) can be excitatory or inhibitory
D) no response as ACh does not activate nicotinic receptors

Question 8

Spinal nerve C4 receives postganglionic sympathetic axons (fibers) from:

A) terminal ganglia
B) gray rami communicantes
C) white rami communicantes
D) dorsal root ganglia

Question 9

Autonomic neurons that secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine:

A) are called adrenergic.
B) include all postganglionic neurons.
C) include all preganglionic neurons.
D) all sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

Question 10

Bronchoconstriction brought on by various allergens is a _____ response.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) visceral afferent
D) somatic

Question 11

Select the best description of the middle cervical ganglion:

A) contains sympathetic preganglionic axons
B) sympathetic; sends impulses along postganglionic axons to heart
C) receives sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) contain sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies
E) contain parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

Question 12

Acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system:

A) is found only in the parasympathetic division.
B) is not rapidly broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as it is in the somatic nervous system.
C) has effects for a very brief time, compared to the effects of other autonomic neurotransmitters.
D) always has excitatory effects.

Question 13

White rami are associated only with thoracic spinal nerves and the first two or three lumbar spinal nerves. Gray rami are associated with all 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The second statement is true; the first is false.

Question 14

Alpha and beta receptors are found in the sympathetic division. They exist on postganglionic neurons and on visceral effectors.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The second statement is true; the first is false.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT part of the sympathetic division?

A) gray rami
B) splanchnic nerves
C) celiac ganglion
D) submandibular ganglion

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is FALSE?

A) Structurally, the autonomic nervous system consists of two main components: a sensory (input) component and a motor (output) component.
B) Autonomic nervous system motor (output) pathways typically contain two motor neurons in series.
C) The motor (output) division of the autonomic nervous system has three divisions: parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic.
D) Autonomic nervous system stimulation may result in excitation or inhibition of smooth muscle or cardiac muscle, or a change in secretory activity in glands.

Question 17

Which of the following is/are innervated ONLY by the sympathetic division? 1. arrector pili muscles
2) kidney arterioles
3) sweat glands
4) adipose tissue
5) skeletal muscle arterioles
6) brain arterioles
7) adrenal medulla

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
B) 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 only
C) 1, 3, 4, 7 only
D) 2, 4, 5, 6 only

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE for the autonomic nervous system?

A) Sensory signals are usually consciously perceived.
B) The effect of motor neurons is always excitatory.
C) Autonomic motor neurons only secrete Acetylcholine (ACh).
D) None of these choices.

Question 19

The motor neurons of a sympathetic autonomic motor pathway have the following route: 1.gray ramus
2)anterior root of spinal nerve
3)axon collaterals
4)white ramus
5)nerve to a visceral effector
6)sympathetic trunk ganglion

A) 2, 4, 6, 3, 1, 5
B) 2, 1, 6, 3, 4, 5
C) 2, 3, 1, 6, 4, 5
D) 2, 3, 4, 6, 1, 5

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic terminal ganglion?

A) pterygopalatine
B) otic
C) celiac
D) submandibular

Question 21

Select the best description of the pterygopalatine ganglia:

A) carry parasympathetic impulses to terminal ganglia in most organs of the ventral cavity
B) send impulses via parasympathetic postganglionic axons to the parotid glands
C) receive sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) innervate the smooth muscle of the eyeball via parasympathetic axons
E) send postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the lacrimal glands

Question 22

Select the best description of a white ramus:

A) contains sympathetic preganglionic axons
B) sympathetic; sends impulses along postganglionic axons to heart
C) receives sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) contain sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies
E) contain parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

Question 23

Dual innervation means that an organ is innervated (stimulated) by both the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.

Question 24

Select the best description of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons:

A) cell bodies are in the lateral gray horns of all thoracic and first two or three lumbar spinal segments
B) axons are unmyelinated
C) cell bodies are in sympathetic trunk ganglia (vertebral chain ganglia) or prevertebral ganglia
D) cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves
E) axons tend to be long

Question 25

Select the best description of the thoracic and lumbar lateral gray horns:

A) contains sympathetic preganglionic axons
B) sympathetic; sends impulses along postganglionic axons to heart
C) receives sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) contain sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies
E) contain parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

Question 26

Select the best description of the ciliary ganglia:

A) carry parasympathetic impulses to terminal ganglia in most organs of the ventral cavity
B) send impulses via parasympathetic postganglionic axons to the parotid glands
C) receive sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) innervate the smooth muscle of the eyeball via parasympathetic axons
E) send postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the lacrimal glands

Question 27

Select the best description of the otic ganglia:

A) carry parasympathetic impulses to terminal ganglia in most organs of the ventral cavity
B) send impulses via parasympathetic postganglionic axons to the parotid salivary glands
C) receive sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) innervate the smooth muscle of the eyeball via parasympathetic axons
E) send postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the lacrimal glands

Question 28

Select the best description of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons:

A) cell bodies are in the lateral gray horns of all thoracic and all lumbar spinal segments
B) axons tend to be short
C) cell bodies are in sympathetic trunk ganglia (vertebral chain ganglia) or prevertebral ganglia
D) cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves
E) axons tend to be long

Question 29

Select the best description of the celiac ganglion:

A) contains sympathetic preganglionic axons
B) sympathetic; sends impulses along postganglionic axons to heart
C) receives sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) contain sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies
E) contain parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

Question 30

Select the best description of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons:

A) cell bodies are in the lateral gray horns of all thoracic and first two or three lumbar spinal segments
B) axons tend to be short
C) cell bodies are in sympathetic trunk ganglia (vertebral chain ganglia) or prevertebral ganglia
D) cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves
E) axons are unmyelinated

Question 31

Select the best description of the nuclei in the brain stem:

A) carries parasympathetic impulses to terminal ganglia in most organs of the ventral cavity
B) sympathetic; sends impulses along postganglionic axons to heart
C) receives sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) contain sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies
E) contain parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

Question 32

The superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia are examples of prevertebral ganglia that innervate the heart and structures of the head.

Question 33

Preganglionic sympathetic axons (fibers) enter the sympathetic trunk ganglia via white rami communicantes.

Question 34

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system has craniosacral outflow; the parasympathetic division has thoracolumbar outflow.

Question 35

Select the best description of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons:

A) cell bodies are in terminal ganglia
B) axons are myelinated
C) cell bodies are in sympathetic trunk ganglia (vertebral chain ganglia) or prevertebral ganglia
D) cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves
E) axons tend to be long

Question 36

Select the best description of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons:

A) cell bodies are in the lateral gray horns of all thoracic and first two or three lumbar spinal segments
B) axons tend to be short
C) cell bodies are in sympathetic trunk ganglia (vertebral chain ganglia) or prevertebral ganglia
D) cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves
E) axons are myelinated

Question 37

Select the best description of the axons that leave the brain as part of the vagus (X) nerves:

A) carry parasympathetic impulses to terminal ganglia in most organs of the ventral cavity
B) sympathetic; sends impulses along postganglionic axons to heart
C) receives sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) contain sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies
E) contain parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

Question 38

A lateral gray horn could be found in the S2 (second sacral) spinal cord segment.

Question 39

The cell bodies of all autonomic nervous system postganglionic axons (fibers) are located in autonomic ganglia.

Question 40

Sympathetic preganglionic axons (fibers) are, in general, longer than parasympathetic preganglionic axons (fibers).

Question 41

Two major plexuses of the enteric system are the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexus.

Question 42

A single sympathetic preganglionic axon has many axon collaterals (branches) that can synapse with 20 or more postganglionic neurons. This divergence helps explain how sympathetic responses can affect most body parts simultaneously.

Question 43

In almost all cases, synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division occur either in _____ ganglia or in _____ ganglia.

Question 44

The major autonomic plexuses of the thorax are the _____ plexus and the ______ plexus.

Question 45

The _____ portion of the sympathetic trunk innervates (stimulates) the heart, sweat glands of the head, the smooth muscle of the eye, and blood vessels in the head.

Question 46

Compare and contrast the anatomy of the motor pathways of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system and list the neurotransmitters released at each synapse in each pathway.

Question 47

The celiac ganglion and a mesenteric ganglion are examples of prevertebral ganglia.

Question 48

There are two main types of receptors for both acetylcholine (ACh) and for norepinephrine (NE). Give the names of the receptors, the general location of each, and the expected effect of stimulation of each receptor type.

Question 49

In general, the postganglionic axons (fibers) of prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic division innervate (stimulate) effectors above the diaphragm.

Question 50

List the four cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic motor impulses. Three pairs of these nerves lead to four pairs of ganglia. Name the ganglia and state which cranial nerves connect to them.

Question 51

An organ that is served by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system is said to have _____ innervation.

Question 52

The hypothalamus is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 53

All adrenergic alpha receptors are ALWAYS excitatory.

Question 54

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for an emergency situation? Describe the responses of the body that collectively are referred to as the fight-or-flight response.

Question 55

Nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors both interact with acetylcholine (ACh).

Question 56

The largest autonomic plexus is the _____ plexus in the abdomen.

Question 57

Parasympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horns of the second through fourth sacral segments of the spinal cord.

Question 58

The motor output component of the autonomic nervous system has two divisions: _____ and _____.

Question 59

The lacrimal glands only receive parasympathetic innervation (stimulation).

Question 60

Parasympathetic postganglionic axons (fibers) are very short because the terminal ganglia are very close to the structures they innervate (stimulate).

Question 61

This leader line points to the greater splanchnic nerve which synapses with postganglionic cell bodies in the celiac ganglion.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 62

The posterior and lateral portions of the hypothalamus control the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic

Question 63

This leader line points to right vagus (X) nerve which supplies parasympathetic fibers to most of the trunk viscera.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 64

The facial (VII) cranial nerves carry parasympathetic preganglionic axons (fibers) to two pairs of terminal ganglia: the _____ and the _____ ganglia.

Question 65

Splanchnic nerves carry sympathetic axons (fibers) from a/an _____ ganglion to a/an _____ ganglion.

Question 66

The anterior and medial portions of the hypothalamus control the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic

Question 67

In the figure below, which letter represents the celiac ganglion (one of the four major prevertebral ganglia)?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 68

Autonomic innervation (stimulation) from the _____ division results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the dermis of the skin.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) None of these choices

Question 69

The _____ is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system.

A) thalamus
B) cerebrum
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum

Question 70

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming a complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder ?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) enteric
D) somatic

Question 71

The lateral gray horns of the thoracic region contain cell bodies of _____ (sympathetic or parasympathetic) preganglionic neurons.

Question 72

This leader line points to the right sympathetic trunk ganglion which receives preganglionic axons from thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 73

Autonomic neurons that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine are called _____ neurons.

A) cholinergic
B) dopaminergic
C) seratonergic
D) adrenergic

Question 74

The cranial nerve that carries most of the parasympathetic outflow is the _____.

Question 75

The _____ division of the autonomic nervous system is mostly responsible for regulating restorative, energy-conserving body activities.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic