Deck 16: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?

A) gray matter, myelinated axons of the peripheral nervous system
B) white matter, neuron cell bodies in a ganglion
C) gray matter, Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) in the peripheral nervous system
D) white matter, tracts in the central nervous system

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The following are all functions of astrocytes EXCEPT:

A) they help maintain the blood-brain barrier.
B) they synthesize neurotransmitters.
C) they participate in brain development.
D) they help maintain proper K+ balance.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

At a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron, the axon would be part of a _____ neuron; the dendrite would be part of a _____ neuron.

A) presynaptic, postsynaptic
B) visceral, somatic
C) postsynaptic, presynaptic
D) somatic, visceral

Answer 3

A

Question 4

White matter includes:

A) ganglia
B) a thin outer layer of most of the brain
C) nuclei in the brain
D) tracts in the spinal cord

Question 5

When compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons: 1. are electrically insulated
2) are gray in color
3) have a faster speed of nerve impulse conduction
4) are more numerous

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 4 only
C) 2, 3, 4 only
D) 1, 2, 4 only

Question 6

A main difference between neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (glia) is:

A) neuroglia are found only in the central nervous system.
B) mature neurons do not normally divide; neuroglia do.
C) neurons are more numerous than neuroglia.
D) neurons are generally smaller than neuroglia.

Question 7

A nerve is a structure that may contain: 1. axons
2) blood vessels
3) neuron cell bodies
4) connective tissue
5) myelin
6) oligodendrocytes

A) 1, 2, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 5, 6
C) 1, 4, 5 only
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 8

A synapse is a functional junction between:

A) two neurons.
B) a neuron and a muscle cell.
C) a neuron and a glandular cell.
D) all of these choices

Question 9

Diverging circuits allow for transmission of nerve impulses from _____ neuron(s) to _____ neuron(s).

A) several, one
B) one, several
C) unipolar, multipolar
D) multipolar, unipolar

Question 10

The peripheral nervous system includes:

A) cranial nerves and their branches.
B) spinal nerves and their branches.
C) ganglia
D) all of these choices

Question 11

_____ (or motor) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____ (muscles or glands).

A) Efferent, effectors, central nervous system
B) Efferent, central nervous system, effectors
C) Afferent, central nervous system, effectors
D) Afferent, effectors, central nervous system

Question 12

A _____ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord.

A) nucleus
B) nerve
C) tract
D) ganglion

Question 13

Dendrites are processes of a neuron that:

A) carry nerve impulses away from the neuron cell body.
B) are usually myelinated.
C) are usually longer than axons.
D) none of these choices

Question 14

In order to flex your fingers, which type of impulse will the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle need to receive?

A) efferent (motor)
B) afferent (sensory)
C) visceral
D) autonomic

Question 15

Regeneration of nerve fibers in the central nervous system is highly unlikely because:

A) there are no neurolemmas (sheaths of Schwann).
B) oligodendrocytes inhibit axon regeneration.
C) astrocytes rapidly form a physical barrier of scar tissue.
D) all of these choices

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding oligodendrocytes?

A) They are smaller than astrocytes.
B) They form myelin sheaths around central nervous system axons.
C) They line the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain.
D) They are not as numerous as astrocytes.

Question 17

Which of the following convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to skeletal muscles only?

A) sympathetic motor neurons
B) parasympathetic motor neurons
C) somatic motor neurons
D) afferent motor neurons

Question 18

The axon hillock is the part of a neuron that:

A) passes nerve impulses directly to another cell.
B) connects the axon to the neuron cell body.
C) gives rise to axon collaterals.
D) stores neurotransmitters in vesicles.

Question 19

_____ (or sensory) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____.

A) Efferent, central nervous system, receptors
B) Efferent, receptors, central nervous system
C) Afferent, receptors, central nervous system
D) Afferent, central nervous system, receptors

Question 20

Accidentally stepping on a nail with the sole of your foot causes you quite a bit of discomfort. Which type of pathway is involved in relaying information about the nail to the central nervous system?

A) efferent (motor)
B) afferent (sensory)
C) visceral
D) autonomic

Question 21

Which structure of the neuron will contain the greatest number of neurotransmitter receptors?

A) the Nissl bodies
B) the axoplasm
C) the synaptic vesicles
D) the dendrites

Question 22

Which neuroglia would be most responsible for helping to prevent pathogens and toxins from entering the brain from the blood?

A) Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes)
B) astrocytes
C) oligodendrocytes
D) ependymal cells

Question 23

Select the best description of dendrites:

A) stored in synaptic vesicles
B) accumulates as yellow-brown granules as the cell ages
C) usually short and branched
D) usually myelinated

Question 24

Select the best description of axon terminals:

A) stored in synaptic vesicles
B) join axon to cell body
C) fine processes at the ends of an axon
D) side branches along the length of an axon

Question 25

Select the best description of the microglia:

A) help maintain the blood-brain barrier
B) phagocytes of the central nervous system
C) phagocytes of the peripheral nervous system
D) form lining of brain ventricles

Question 26

Which of the following neuroglia would be found in the peripheral nervous system?

A) satellite cells
B) astrocytes
C) oligodendrocytes
D) microglia

Question 27

Select the best description of the oligodendrocytes:

A) form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system
B) help maintain the blood-brain barrier
C) form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system
D) surround neurons in peripheral nervous system ganglia

Question 28

The efferent (motor) portion of the autonomic nervous system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Question 29

Select the best description of astrocytes:

A) form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system
B) help maintain the blood-brain barrier
C) form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system
D) surround neurons in peripheral nervous system ganglia

Question 30

Select the best description of an axon:

A) accumulates as yellow-brown granules as the cell ages
B) contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm
C) receiving or input portion of a neuron
D) carries nerve impulses toward another neuron, a muscle fiber, or a gland cell

Question 31

Neurons that originate in the central nervous system and that function to carry information to smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscle are efferent (motor) neurons.

Question 32

Select the best description of neurotransmitter molecules:

A) stored in synaptic vesicles
B) accumulate as yellow-brown granules as the cell ages
C) fine processes at the ends of axons
D) usually short and branched

Question 33

Which structure of the neuron is included in the neuromuscular junction?

A) the axon terminal
B) the axon hillock
C) the cell body (perikaryon)
D) the dendrites

Question 34

Select the best description of Nissl bodies:

A) form(s) part of the cytoskeleton
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) accumulate as yellow-brown granules as the cell ages
D) usually short and branched

Question 35

Select the best description of nerve fiber:

A) may refer to either an axon or dendrite
B) joins axon to cell body
C) fine processes at the ends of axons
D) contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm

Question 36

Select the best description of the satellite cells:

A) form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system
B) help maintain the blood-brain barrier
C) surround cell bodies in peripheral nervous system ganglia
D) form lining of brain ventricles

Question 37

Select the best description of lipofuscin:

A) form(s) part of the cytoskeleton
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) accumulates as yellow-brown granules as the cell ages
D) usually short and branched

Question 38

The afferent (sensory) portion of the somatic nervous system carries sensory information from the eyes and ears to the central nervous system.

Question 39

Select the best description of the ependymal cells:

A) form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system
B) help maintain the blood-brain barrier
C) surround neurons in peripheral nervous system ganglia
D) form lining of brain ventricles

Question 40

Select the best description of the Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes):

A) form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system
B) help maintain the blood-brain barrier
C) form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system
D) surround cell bodies in peripheral nervous system ganglia

Question 41

The portion of the plasma membrane of a neuron that surrounds the axoplasm is called the axolemma.

Question 42

A significant difference between neurons and neuroglia is that mature neuroglia can divide whereas mature neurons generally cannot divide.

Question 43

Most unipolar neurons are sensory neurons that transmit information along afferent pathways to the central nervous system.

Question 44

Dendrites conduct signals toward the neuron cell body; the axon conducts nerve impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Question 45

The efferent (motor) portion of the somatic nervous system is _____ (voluntary or involuntary).

Question 46

There are two types of neuroglia that produce myelin sheaths: oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes).

Question 47

The vast majority of neurons in the body are interneurons.

Question 48

Arrange the following terms in a chart that exhibits your understanding of the functional organization of the nervous system: somatic nervous system, central nervous system, sympathetic division, peripheral nervous system, parasympathetic division, autonomic nervous system.

Question 49

The two principal divisions of the nervous system are the _____ and _____ nervous systems.

Question 50

For a typical (multipolar) neuron, use correct anatomical terms to describe the structure of an axon from the point where it is attached to the neuron cell body to where it ends at a synapse.

Question 51

The name given to rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons is lipofuscin granules.

Question 52

Gray matter is only located in the brain.

Question 53

Neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, does NOT happen in adult humans.

Question 54

Describe the types of neurons according to structural classification and give an example of where each type is located in the body.

Question 55

The three basic functions of the nervous system are _____ function, _____ function, and _____ function.

Question 56

Neuroglia derived from monocytes are called astrocytes.

Question 57

List and define the four types of neuronal circuits in the nervous system. What is the function of each?

Question 58

A neurolemma (sheath of Schwann) is a characteristic of cells located in the peripheral nervous system, but NOT in the central nervous system.

Question 59

State two conditions necessary for the regeneration of the processes of a neuron in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 60

The afferent (sensory) portion of the autonomic nervous system carries sensory information from the viscera to the central nervous system.

Question 61

A Schwann cell (neurolemmocyte) contributes to the myelin sheath of _____ (one or several) axon(s).

Question 62

A neuron having one axon and one dendrite, such as those located in the retina or inner ear, are classified as _____ neurons.

Question 63

One class of neuroglial cells is cuboidal to columnar cells arranged in a single layer that possess microvilli and cilia that line fluid-filled spaces in the CNS. These neuroglia are called _____.

Question 64

The name of the cell type indicated by the (a) in the diagram is: _____.

Question 65

The name of the structure indicated by the line in the diagram is: _____.

Question 66

The name of the structures indicated by the line in the diagram is: _____.

Question 67

The name of the structure indicated by the line in the diagram is: _____.

Question 68

A multipolar neuron consists of three parts: cell body, _____ and _____.

Question 69

The name of the structure indicated by the line in the diagram is: _____.

Question 70

A bundle of axons in the central nervous system is called a/an _____.

Question 71

An oligodendrocyte contributes to the myelin sheath of _____ (one or several) axon(s).

Question 72

The name of the structure indicated by the line in the diagram is: _____.

Question 73

The cell type that represents most sensory neurons is the one labeled _____.]

Question 74

The name of the cell type indicated by the (c) in the diagram is: _____.

Question 75

The name of the cell type indicated by the (b) in the diagram is: _____.