Deck 13: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Question 1

There are four valves in the heart: 1 bicuspid (mitral)
2 tricuspid
3 pulmonary semilunar
4 aortic semilunar
What is the correct order in which blood flows through these valves, starting in the right atrium?

A) 1, 4, 2, 3
B) 1, 3, 2, 4
C) 2, 3, 1, 4
D) 2, 4, 1, 3

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A vascular sinus, such as the coronary sinus, is best described as:

A) a thin-walled vein that has no smooth muscle to alter its diameter.
B) a thin-walled artery that has no smooth muscle to alter its diameter.
C) a connection between blood vessels that allows for multiple routes of blood flow.
D) a blood-filled connective tissue.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When auscultating heart sounds, S2 is caused by blood turbulence associated with closure of the _____ valves at the beginning of ventricular _____.

A) AV; diastole
B) Semilunar; systole
C) AV; systole
D) Semilunar; diastole

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following vessels carries blood away from the heart?

A) coronary sinus
B) pulmonary vein
C) inferior vena cava
D) pulmonary artery

Question 5

Which vessel does NOT supply blood to the wall of the right ventricle?

A) anterior interventricular branch
B) posterior interventricular branch
C) marginal branch
D) circumflex branch

Question 6

Which of the following are branches of the left coronary artery? 1 marginal branch
2 circumflex branch
3 anterior interventricular branch
4 posterior interventricular branch

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 4
C) 1, 3 only
D) 2, 3 only

Question 7

The _____ forms an external boundary between the superior atria and inferior ventricles.

A) fossa ovalis
B) foramen ovale
C) coronary sulcus
D) interventricular sulcus

Question 8

Partial obstruction of blood flow in the coronary arteries may cause myocardial infarction.

Question 9

Regarding a myocardial infarction (MI), heart tissue distal to an arterial obstruction dies and is replaced by _____.

A) contractile cardiac muscle tissue
B) noncontractile scar tissue
C) adipose tissue
D) None of these choices

Question 10

Which of the following pairs of terms is/are correctly matched?

A) bicuspid valve; oxygenated blood
B) tricuspid valve; deoxygenated blood
C) pulmonary semilunar valve; deoxygenated blood
D) All of these pairs are correctly matched

Question 11

What is the term for the severe pain that usually accompanies a heart attack?

A) myocardial ischemia
B) myocardial infarction
C) angina pectoris
D) hypoxia

Question 12

Desmosomes and gap junctions are found in:

A) endocardium.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) epicardium.
D) intercalated discs.

Question 13

The spread of depolarization from the sinoatrial (SA) node through the two atria is recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) as the

A) QRS wave
B) U wave
C) P wave
D) T wave

Question 14

Which condition of the heart is most likely to contribute to "scar formation"?

A) mitral stenosis (= a narrowing)
B) tricuspid stenosis
C) patent (open) ductus arteriosus
D) increased number of trabeculae carnae

Question 15

The vascular sinus in the coronary sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart, called the _____, empties into the right atrium.

A) right coronary artery.
B) anterior interventricular artery.
C) middle cardiac vein.
D) coronary sinus.

Question 16

Chronic pericarditis can lead to a buildup of pericardial fluid which results in a life-threatening condition known as cardiac tamponade.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an arrhythmia?

A) bradycardia
B) tachycardia
C) fibrillation
D) All of these choices

Question 18

When auscultating heart sounds, S1 is caused by blood turbulence associated with closure of the _____ valves soon after ventricular _____ begins.

A) AV; diastole
B) Semilunar; systole
C) AV; systole
D) Semilunar; diastole

Question 19

Which of the following vessels deliver blood to the right atrium? 1 superior vena cava
2 inferior vena cava
3 pulmonary veins
4 coronary sinus
5 pulmonary arteries

A) 1, 2, 3, 4 only
B) 1, 4, 5 only
C) 1, 2, 4 only
D) 2, 3 only

Question 20

The atrio-ventricular (AV) valve in the left side of the heart is known as the:

A) bicuspid (mitral)
B) pulmonary semilunar.
C) tricuspid.
D) aortic semilunar.

Question 21

The pericardium is composed of elastic connective tissue, to allow for change in volume of the heart.

Question 22

On day 21 following fertilization, the paired endocardial tubes unite to form the primitive heart tube.

Question 23

The middle cardiac vein in the posterior interventricular sulcus drains the areas supplied by the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery (left and right ventricles).

Question 24

The coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

Question 25

Anastomoses are only found in the heart, and are connections between arteries.

Question 26

The tricuspid valve is located at the right atrioventricular opening.

Question 27

The fossa ovalis is a thin spot or depression in the interatrial septum.

Question 28

The pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 29

Impulses from the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) speed up heart rate while impulses from the parasympathetic division of the ANS slow down heart rate.

Question 30

The heart cannot contract without signals from the autonomic nervous system.

Question 31

Chordae tendineae assist the cusps of the semilunar valves in preventing backflow of blood.

Question 32

Heart murmurs in children are rare and usually are considered life-threatening.

Question 33

Most often a heart murmur in an adult indicates a valve disorder.

Question 34

Discuss the most compelling reason for people to learn CPR.

Question 35

Pericardial fluid is located in a space external (superficial) to the visceral pericardium.

Question 36

Desmosomes function to hold cardiac muscle fibers (cells) firmly together.

Question 37

A heart murmur is not always an indication of a serious health problem.

Question 38

The heart is the first organ to function in an embryo, beginning to pump blood on day 22 following fertilization.

Question 39

The coronary sinus carries oxygenated blood.

Question 40

Surface projection refers to outlining the shape and location of an organ using landmarks on the surface of the organ body. Describe the surface projection of the heart.

Question 41

The pericardial cavity is found between the epicardium and the _____ layer of the serous pericardium.

Question 42

Match the component of the conduction system of the heart with the description. Sinoatrial (SA) node:

A) sends wave of depolarization throughout atria
B) located in the interatrial septum

Question 43

Match the vessel with the description. Pulmonary trunk:

A) carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart
B) carries deoxygenated blood toward the heart

Question 44

The study of the heart and heart disease is called _____.

Question 45

The cells that make up the conduction system of the heart are specialized _____ cells.

Question 46

The _____ branch of the left coronary artery is located in the coronary sulcus.

Question 47

The pointed end of the heart, the _____, is formed by the tip of the left ventricle and rests on the diaphragm. It is directed anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left.

Question 48

Compare and contrast a skeletal muscle cell and a cardiac muscle cell.

Question 49

Match the component of the conduction system of the heart with the description. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His):

A) carry depolarization wave toward apex of heart
B) the electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles

Question 50

Describe the location and the function of each portion of the conduction system during one cardiac cycle (one complete heart contraction).

Question 51

State three functions and four components of the fibrous skeleton of the heart.

Question 52

Match the component of the conduction system of the heart with the description. Epicardium:

A) continuous with the lining of the blood vessels attached to the heart
B) composed of mesothelium and connective tissue

Question 53

List three changes in the cardiovascular system that increase the rate of oxygen delivery to the muscles after several weeks of training.

Question 54

Atrioventricular (AV) valve cusps are connected by strong cords called _____ to _____ muscles on the walls of the ventricles.

Question 55

Trace the path of a drop of blood from the time it enters the heart via the superior vena cava until it is in the arch of the aorta.

Question 56

The _____ in the anterior interventricular sulcus drains the areas of the heart supplied by the left coronary artery (left and right ventricles and left atrium).

Question 57

Match the component of the conduction system of the heart with the description. Endocardium:

A) continuous with the lining of the blood vessels attached to the heart
B) layer next to pericardial cavity

Question 58

Match the component of the conduction system of the heart with the description. Myocardium:

A) thickest layer, muscular
B) found only in walls of ventricles

Question 59

Each atrium has a/an _____ that functions to increase the effective volume of the atrium.

Question 60

The anterior and posterior interventricular sulci are external features that mark the location of the _____ inside the heart.

Question 61

Match the ventricle of the heart in with the description. Right ventricle:

A) receives oxygenated blood
B) receives deoxygenated blood

Question 62

During the relaxation period of the cardiac cycle, pressure in the ventricular chambers drop. This change in pressure causes blood to flow from the

A) ventricles towards the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
B) ventricles towards the atria.
C) pulmonary trunk and aorta towards the ventricles.
D) atria towards the vena cava

Question 63

Match the ventricle of the heart with the description. Left ventricle:

A) thicker myocardium
B) pumps a smaller volume of blood

Question 64

Which structure in the developing heart forms from the primitive atrium?

A) anterior wall of the right atrium
B) anterior wall of the left atrium
C) left auricle
D) All of these choices

Question 65

The inferior surface of the heart can be described as all of the following EXCEPT:
a) resting on the diaphragm.
b) medial to the apex.
c) left of midline
d) facing the right lung

Question 66

Because of differential growth of cells tube and confines of the pericardium, loops and folds form in which two regions in the primitive heart?

A) sinus venosus and primitive atrium
B) primitive atrium and primitive ventricle
C) primitive ventricle and bulbus cordis
D) bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus

Question 67

Most of the ventricular filling occurs during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A) atrial systole
B) relaxation period
C) ventricular systole

Question 68

Match the ventricle of the heart in with the description. Right ventricle

A) pumps blood through the tricuspid valve
B) pumps blood to the lungs

Question 69

In a normal cardiac cycle, the contraction phase of a heart chamber is termed

A) diastole
B) systole

Question 70

Regular exercise can lead to a reduction in all of the following EXCEPT:

A) blood pressure.
B) anxiety.
C) depression.
D) cardiac output.

Question 71

Match the vessel with the description. Pulmonary vein:

A) enters right atrium
B) enters left atrium

Question 72

Match the vessel with the description. Pulmonary vein:

A) carries oxygenated blood toward the heart
B) carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 73

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are the AV valves closed?

A) atrial systole
B) relaxation period
C) ventricular systole

Question 74

Which type of cholesterol molecule removes excess cholesterol from body cells and transports it to the liver?

A) low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
B) high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Question 75

Match the vessel with the description. Aorta:

A) carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
B) carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart