Deck 10: Muscular Tissue

Question 1

In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR):

A) forms transverse (T) tubules.
B) is similar to the Golgi complex.
C) contains extracellular fluid.
D) releases Ca²⁺ to trigger contraction.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The two types of smooth muscle tissue are:

A) visceral (single-unit) and parietal.
B) red and white.
C) visceral (single-unit) and multiunit.
D) radial and circular.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

During an isotonic contraction of a muscle, the muscle shortens while the tension in the muscle increases, as in straightening the legs when rising from a sitting position to a standing position.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle differs in that it:

A) contracts for shorter periods of time.
B) has a short refractory period.
C) has a different arrangement of thick and thin filaments.
D) has branching cells.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE of myosin? 1. It is located in the A band of the sarcomere.
2) It binds to tropomyosin during contraction.
3) It forms thick filaments.
4) The molecules are helix shaped.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 2, 3 only
C) 1, 3 only
D) 2, 4 only

Question 6

The ability of muscular tissue to contract forcefully when stimulated is:

A) elasticity.
B) extensibility.
C) stability.
D) contractility.

Question 7

Neurotransmitter receptors are found where on the sarcolemma?

A) transverse (T) tubules
B) motor end plate
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) muscle filaments

Question 8

Which is a correct statement?

A) A muscle fiber (cell) contains myofibrils.
B) A myofibril contains thick and thin filaments.
C) Thick and thin filaments are arranged into sarcomeres.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

The protein has direct contact with actin in a muscle in the resting state, while the _____ protein has direct contact with actin in a muscle in the contracting state.

A) tropomyosin; myosin
B) myosin; troponin
C) titin; tropomyosin
D) troponin; myomesin

Question 10

Place the following events in the correct order. 1. ACh is released into the synaptic cleft.
2) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane.
3) A muscle action potential is triggered.
4) An action potential arrives at the synaptic end bulb.
5) ACh binds to receptors on the motor end plate.

A) 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
B) 4, 3, 1, 2, 5
C) 1, 2, 4, 3, 5
D) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3

Question 11

A somatic motor neuron is a nerve cell that stimulates a skeletal muscle fiber (cell) to contract.

Question 12

The ability of muscular tissue to be stretched without being damaged is:

A) elasticity.
B) extensibility.
C) excitability.
D) contractility.

Question 13

During contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber:

A) the thick filaments meet at the center of the sarcomere.
B) the sarcomere length does not change.
C) actin and myosin molecules contract, causing filaments to shorten.
D) myosin cross-bridges (heads) move the thin filaments so that their ends meet or overlap in the center of the sarcomere.

Question 14

A bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium.

Question 15

One sarcomere contains all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the H zone
B) myosin
C) myofibrils
D) the M line

Question 16

As skeletal muscle ages, after age 30, which of the following does NOT occur?

A) decrease in maximal strength
B) decrease in the relative number of slow oxidative fibers
C) replacement of muscle mass by fibrous connective tissue and adipose tissue
D) slowing of muscle reflexes

Question 17

The skeletal muscle fibers that fatigue most easily are: 1. red muscle fibers.
2) slow oxidative (type I) fibers.
3) fast glycolytic (type IIb) fibers.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) both 1 and 3.

Question 18

Which of the following is FALSE regarding skeletal muscle fibers (cells)?

A) Each fiber is a single cell with a hundred or more nuclei.
B) The cells are cylindrical and are arranged in parallel fashion.
C) A skeletal muscle fiber may be up to 30 cm (12 in.) long.
D) The myofibrils are arranged at right angles to the long axis of the cell, creating cross striations.

Question 19

An increase (hypertrophy) or decrease (atrophy) in muscle size is due to: 1. increased or decreased numbers of muscle cells.
2) increased or decreased deposition of adipose tissue.
3) increased or decreased size of skeletal muscle fibers.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) both 1 and 3.

Question 20

The close association of a transverse (T) tubule and two terminal cisterns forms a:

A) sarcomere
B) triad
C) fasciculus
D) cross-bridge.

Question 21

The neurotransmitter released at a neuromuscular junction (in skeletal muscle) is dopamine.

Question 22

Cardiac muscle fibers (cells) contain more mitochondria than do skeletal muscle fibers (cells).

Question 23

The specialized region of sarcolemma that is located at a neuromuscular junction is called the synaptic cleft.

Question 24

The transverse (T) tubule is a specialized region of sarcolemma that is located at a neuromuscular junction.

Question 25

Cardiac muscle tissue may be classified as either visceral (single-unit) or multiunit muscle tissue.

Question 26

The contractile elements of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) are myofibrils.

Question 27

To a limited degree in mature skeletal muscle, new skeletal muscle fibers (cells) can arise from satellite cells.

Question 28

A somatic motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers (cells) it stimulates is called a motor unit.

Question 29

List, categorize, and describe the proteins found in myofibrils.

Question 30

Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle contain what type(s) of cell junctions?

A) desmosomes and gap junctions.
B) tight junctions only
C) gap junctions and tight junctions
D) hemidesmosomes

Question 31

The connective tissue that surrounds and separates individual skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is called _____.

A) sarcolemma
B) fascia
C) endomysium
D) epimysium

Question 32

When examined microscopically, striations are visible in the _____ muscle tissues.

A) cardiac and skeletal
B) smooth and skeletal
C) cardiac and smooth
D) skeletal ONLY

Question 33

The darker area in a sarcomere is called the I band.

Question 34

List four functions of muscle tissue and in one sentence for each function, elaborate on the function or give an example to illustrate the function.

Question 35

Compare the microscopic anatomy and the resistance to fatigue of the three types of skeletal muscle fibers.

Question 36

_____ are large dense irregular connective tissue sheets that wrap around groups of skeletal muscles.

A) Epimysium
B) Perimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Fascia

Question 37

Describe the four steps of the contraction cycle.

Question 38

A small amount of tautness or tension in a skeletal muscle due to weak, involuntary contractions of its motor units is called _____.

A) muscle tone
B) an eccentric isotonic contraction
C) a concentric isotonic contraction

Question 39

Epimysium surrounds skeletal muscle fibers (cells) within fascicles.

Question 40

Autorhythmicity is the ability to repeatedly generate spontaneous action potentials.

Question 41

Identify this organelle of the muscle fiber (cell) labeled B.

A) myofibril
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) nucleus
D) mitochondrion

Question 42

The connective tissue covering this structure labeled B is the

A) sarcolemma
B) endomysium
C) perimysium
D) epimysium

Question 43

The connective tissue covering this structure labeled C is the

A) sarcolemma
B) endomysium
C) perimysium
D) epimysium

Question 44

_____ muscle fibers (cells) do NOT contain sarcomeres.

A) Smooth
B) Cardiac
C) Skeletal
D) Smooth and cardiac

Question 45

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Identify the description of a motor end plate.

A) region of sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junction
B) portion of axon terminal membrane that releases acetylcholine into the cleft

Question 46

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Identify the description that matches fast glycolytic fibers.

A) adapted for intense movements of short duration, such as weight lifting
B) adapted for maintaining posture and endurance-type activities

Question 47

Identify features of this muscle fiber (cell) structure labeled C.

A) invagination of the sarcolemma
B) open to the outside of the cell
C) muscle action potentials are able to propagate through
D) All of the choices are features

Question 48

This band labeled A will shorten during muscle contraction.

Question 49

The structure that is labeled A is referred to as a ligament.

Question 50

The muscle fibers that are oxidative and resistant to fatigue are the slow oxidative fibers.

Question 51

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Identify the description of a synaptic vesicle.

A) membrane-enclosed sac that stores neurotransmitter
B) a small space that separates the cell membrane of a motor neuron from the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell

Question 52

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Identify the description that matches acetylcholine receptors.

A) integral transmembrane proteins of axon membrane; bind with acetylcholine
B) integral transmembrane proteins of motor end plate; bind with acetylcholine

Question 53

Match the connective tissue components of smooth muscle with the tissues. Identify the characteristics of smooth muscle tissue.

A) voluntary, striated
B) involuntary, nonstriated

Question 54

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Identify the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue.

A) voluntary, striated
B) involuntary, striated

Question 55

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Match perimysium with the correct tissue type.

A) areolar connective tissue plus adipose tissue
B) dense irregular connective tissue

Question 56

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Identify the description that matches slow oxidative fibers.

A) largest in diameter
B) smallest in diameter

Question 57

Identify this organelle of the muscle fiber (cell) labeled A.

A) Golgi complex
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) nucleus
D) mitochondrion

Question 58

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Match endomysium with the correct tissue type.

A) loose connective tissue (mostly reticular fibers)
B) dense connective tissue

Question 59

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Match epimysium with the correct tissue type.

A) areolar connective tissue plus adipose tissue
B) dense irregular connective tissue

Question 60

Match the connective tissue components of smooth muscle with the tissues. Identify the characteristic of smooth muscle tissue.

A) no transverse tubules
B) no muscle tone

Question 61

Somites give rise to the skeletal muscles of the thoracic and abdominal walls as well as the appendages.

Question 62

All muscles of the body are derived from ectoderm.

Question 63

Track and field athletes specializing in the 100 meter dash will train their bodies for explosive power when pushing off the starting blocks. Which type of muscle fiber is being isolated during strength training to generate this explosive power?

A) slow oxidative fibers
B) fast oxidative glycolytic fibers
C) fast glycolytic fibers

Question 64

Age associated muscle decline is irreversible.

Question 65

Body building increases the size and strength of which type of muscle fiber?

A) slow oxidative fibers
B) fast oxidative glycolytic fibers
C) fast glycolytic fibers

Question 66

This structure labeled C extends from M-line to M-line.

Question 67

Which type of muscle develops from the mesodermal cells that envelope the developing gastrointestinal tract, viscera, and blood vessels?

A) cardiac muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) skeletal muscle

Question 68

Strength training has a positive impact on the body by

A) increasing bone strength.
B) raising resting metabolic rate.
C) reducing feelings of stress and fatigue.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 69

The proteins found in the A band of a sarcomere is/are

A) actin and myosin.
B) actin, myosin, titin, troponin, and tropomyosin.
C) myosin and titin.
D) tropomyosin and troponin.

Question 70

Stretching before a workout is the best way to increase flexibility of muscles.

Question 71

This band labeled B will shorten during muscle contraction.

Question 72

For contraction of a muscle to being, what event must occur at the sarcolemma?

A) blockage of reuptake channels
B) exocytosis of vesicles storing neurotransmitters
C) intracellular calcium levels increase after potassium entry
D) acetylcholine binding and opening of sodium channels

Question 73

Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues have autorhythmicity.

Question 74

After years of living a sedentary life, you start a couch-to-13.1K training regimen. This change in activity includes daily long distance runs. These distance runs are inducing changes in which muscle fiber types?

A) slow oxidative fibers into fast oxidative glycolytic fibers
B) fast oxidative glycolytic fibers into fast glycolytic fibers
C) fast glycolytic fibers into fast oxidative glycolytic fibers
D) fast glycolytic fibers into slow oxidative fibers

Question 75

Which group of muscles usually weaken first impacting the daily activities of individuals over 65?

A) muscles of the abdomen
B) muscles of the lower limb
C) muscles of the thorax
D) muscles of the upper limb