Deck 11: The Muscular System

Question 1

The deltoid muscle is named according to:

A) orientation of muscle fascicles relative to the body's midline.
B) relative shape of the muscle.
C) relative size of the muscle.
D) location.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the muscles of the pelvic floor constricts the anus, urethra, and vagina?

A) pubococcygeus
B) iliococcygeus
C) coccygeus
D) both pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is/are TRUE? 1. Synergists are muscles that oppose the agonist.
2) Agonists contract while the antagonists relax.
3) The biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair.

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 3 only
C) 1, 2 only
D) 2 only

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Two muscles that insert on the angle and ramus of the mandible, and that elevate the mandible are: 1. masseter
2) medial pterygoid
3) lateral pterygoid
4) temporalis

A) 1, 2
B) 2, 3
C) 3, 4
D) 1, 4

Question 5

Regarding characteristics used to name muscles, which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A) rectus-parallel to midline
B) platys-circular
C) biceps-two origins
D) brevis-short

Question 6

Whereas superficial flexors in the anterior compartment of the forearm originate from the _____ epicondyle of the humerus, the superficial extensors in the posterior compartment of the forearm originate from the _____ epicondyle of the humerus.

A) lateral; medial
B) lateral; lateral
C) medial; lateral
D) medial; medial

Question 7

The pectoralis minor muscle

A) inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus.
B) inserts on the acromion of the scapula.
C) may originate from ribs 3 to 5.
D) originates from the clavicle and sternum.

Question 8

Ordinarily, the insertion of a muscle: 1. in a limb is proximal to the origin.
2) does not move when the muscle contracts.
3) is the movable point of attachment of a muscle.
4) attaches a muscle to a bone or skin.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 2, 4 only
C) 1, 3 only
D) 3, 4 only

Question 9

The diagastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid muscles have which of the following in common?

A) insertion on the body of the hyoid bone
B) origin on the body of the hyoid bone
C) depress the hyoid bone
D) elevate the tongue

Question 10

The strength of movement produced by a muscle depends upon how close to the joint it is attached. A muscle attached farther away will produce a more powerful movement than one attached nearer the joint.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false.
D) Statement 2 is true; statement 1 is false.

Question 11

Which muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus AND turns the forearm (pronates) so that the palm faces posteriorly?

A) pronator quadratus
B) pronator teres
C) anconeus
D) supinator

Question 12

The extrinsic muscles of the eyeball are innervated by:

A) oculomotor (III) nerves.
B) abducens (VI) nerves.
C) trochlear (IV) nerves.
D) all of these choices.

Question 13

Which of the following pairs of terms does not correctly match muscle with innervation?

A) subclavius; subclavian nerve
B) rhomboid major; dorsal scapular nerve
C) serratus anterior; long thoracic nerve
D) trapezius; median pectoral nerve

Question 14

The central portion of the diaphragm is an aponeurosis that serves as the tendon of insertion for the diaphragm. The tendon is called:

A) linea alba.
B) central tendon.
C) intermediate tendon.
D) rectus sheath.

Question 15

Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?

A) orbicularis oculi; shapes lips for speech
B) corrugator supercilii; surprise
C) platysma; pouting
D) zygomaticus major; frown

Question 16

The greater tubercle of the humerus is the point of insertion of which of the following muscles?

A) infraspinatus
B) deltoid
C) subscapularis
D) coracobrachialis

Question 17

The perineum consists of an anterior _____ triangle and a posterior _____ triangle.

A) anal; urogenital
B) urinary; genital
C) urogenital; anal
D) genital; urinary

Question 18

The following muscles all have attachments to ribs or their costal cartilages. Which of them are NOT used to produce the movements of normal breathing? 1. external intercostals
2) internal intercostals
3) external obliques
4) internal obliques
5) diaphragm

A) 2, 3, 4
B) 3, 4
C) 1, 3, 5
D) 2, 4

Question 19

The _____ muscle extends from the sternum to the thyroid cartilage and acts to depress the larynx.

A) sternothyroid
B) sternohyoid
C) omohyoid
D) thyrohyoid

Question 20

Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are the biceps brachii and the:

A) brachialis
B) brachioradialis.
C) triceps brachii
D) anconeus.

Question 21

Muscles with either parallel or fusiform arrangements of fasciculi tend to have longer fibers than pennate muscles.

Question 22

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles both invert the foot.

Question 23

Medial epicondylitis which is often times seen in pianists, violinists, golfers and those who use computers is a condition which affects mainly the extensor muscles of the forearm.

Question 24

The psoas major and iliacus muscles have a common insertion on the femur. These two muscles are involved in _____ of the thigh.

A) flexion
B) extension
C) adduction
D) abduction

Question 25

The erector spinae is a group of muscles of the back, including which three of the following groups? 1. iliocostalis
2) spinalis
3) segmental
4) longissimus
5) scalene

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 1, 2, 4
C) 2, 3, 5
D) 1, 4, 5

Question 26

Which of the following statements regarding the quadriceps femoris is correct?

A) Rectus femoris originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine.
B) Vastus lateralis inserts on the lateral condyle of the tibia.
C) All four muscles flex the thigh.
D) Vastus medialis originates from the lesser trochanter.

Question 27

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh _____ the thigh and _____ the leg.

A) flex, extend
B) extend, flex
C) adduct, flex
D) abduct, extend

Question 28

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the occipital bone.

Question 29

List the muscles that act on the mandible to open the mouth and those that act on the mandible to close the mouth. Which set of muscles is more forceful? Why?

Question 30

Paralysis of the muscles of mastication may be an indication of damage to the trigeminal (V) cranial nerve.

Question 31

The range of movement at a joint depends upon the point of attachment of the muscle and the length of its fibers.

Question 32

The inferior constrictor, middle constrictor, and superior constrictor are muscles that move the wall of the pharynx, assisting with the movement of food and liquid into the esophagus.

Question 33

The scalenes originate on the first and second ribs and insert on the third through sixth thoracic vertebrae.

Question 34

Which two muscles provide good examples for use of the term "synergists"?

A) latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
B) flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris
C) biceps femoris and semitendinosis
D) gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior

Question 35

The ischiocavernosus muscles maintain erection of the penis in the male and the clitoris in the female.

Question 36

The extensor digitorum extends the phalanges. The extensor digiti minimi extends the distal phalanges only.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The second statement is true; the first is false.

Question 37

Which two muscles provide a good example of an "antagonistic pair"?

A) biceps brachii and brachialis
B) semitendinosus and semimembranosus
C) vastus medialis and vastus lateralis
D) fibularis (peroneus) longus and tibialis anterior

Question 38

The rectus sheath and linea alba are formed by the aponeuroses of the external obliques, internal obliques, and transversus abdominis muscles.

Question 39

Using the terms prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator, describe the various roles muscles may play in a group.

Question 40

Muscles that insert via the calcaneal tendon do NOT include:

A) plantaris
B) gastrocnemius.
C) tibialis posterior
D) soleus.

Question 41

Explain why an astronaut "must work hard to open their mouths" while in space but an elderly person asleep in a chair, for example, has their mouth open.

Question 42

The fibers of the external oblique muscle are directed inferiorly and _____.

Question 43

The _____ muscle of the larynx acts as a sphincter to control the size of the inlet of the larynx.

Question 44

The _____ muscle is a landmark that separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.

Question 45

The principal muscle used for extending the thigh, as in climbing stairs, is the _____.

Question 46

The flexor carpi _____ flexes and adducts the wrist.

Question 47

The muscle that acts on your left eyeball to move it as you read this line is the _____.

Question 48

The aponeurosis (sheet-like tendon) that unites the frontal belly (frontalis) and occipital belly (occipitalis) muscles is called the _____.

Question 49

A circular muscle that encloses an orifice is a _____ muscle.

Question 50

The muscle indicated by line D can extend the spine.

Question 51

Branches of the _____ nerve are involved in the innervation of all perineal muscles.

Question 52

Muscles that extend the forearm are located on the _____ surface of the _____.

Question 53

The three intrinsic muscles of the hand that produce thumb movements are, as a group, called _____ muscles.

Question 54

The genioglossus muscle could be considered a socially unacceptable muscle, since its action is to _____ the tongue.

Question 55

All muscles of facial expression are innervated by the _____ cranial nerve.

Question 56

The rotator cuff muscles are _____, _____, _____, and _____. What vigorous movement of the shoulder most likely contributes to a rotator cuff injury?

Question 57

Name three muscles that insert on the mastoid process. All three muscles move the head. Which one of these is antagonistic to the other two in the action of rotating the head?

Question 58

Name and describe the location of each of the muscles of the three compartments of the thigh: anterior, medial, and posterior.

Question 59

To produce movement, a bone acts as a lever and the joint acts as the _____.

Question 60

The muscle indicated by line G

A) depresses the scapula
B) abducts the sapula
C) inserts on the lateral border
D) is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve
E) is the swimmer's muscle

Question 61

What is the action of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A) extends leg
B) adducts toes
C) dorsiflexes foot
D) abducts toes
E) flexes toes

Question 62

Which best describes the buccinator?

A) swimmer's muscle
B) trumpeter's muscle
C) most important breathing muscle
D) boxer's muscle
E) "workhorse" of the elbow flexors

Question 63

Which best describes the latissimus dorsi?

A) swimmer's muscle
B) trumpeter's muscle
C) most important breathing muscle
D) boxer's muscle
E) "workhorse" of the elbow flexors

Question 64

The muscle indicated by line A is the

A) Psoas major
B) Gracilis
C) Obturator externus
D) Iliacus

Question 65

The most common type of lever in the body is the first-class lever designated as EFL.

Question 66

What muscle is indicated by line D?

Question 67

What is the principal action of the muscle indicated by line B?

A) flexes great toe
B) flexes thumb
C) dorsiflexes foot
D) flexes leg
E) flexes toes

Question 68

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

A) extends leg
B) adducts toes
C) dorsiflexes foot
D) flexes leg
E) flexes toes

Question 69

Which best describes the sartorius?

A) swimmer's muscle
B) tailor's muscle
C) lateral hamstring
D) boxer's muscle
E) "workhorse" of the elbow flexors

Question 70

What is the action of the plantar interossei?

A) extend leg
B) adduct toes
C) dorsiflex foot
D) abduct toes
E) flex toes

Question 71

What muscle is indicated by line B?

Question 72

What muscle is indicated by line A?

Question 73

The muscle indicated by line B originates from the _____ and inserts on the _____.

A) ilium, femur
B) ilium, tibia
C) ischium, femur
D) ischium, tibia

Question 74

What muscle is indicated by line B?

Question 75

What muscle is indicated by line B?