Deck 15: Egoism, Pleasure, and Indifference Stoicism

Question 1

Both stoicism and hedonism provide a means for dealing with:

A) foreseeable events
B) unforeseen events
C) events within our control
D) events beyond our control

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Stoicism is:

A) A philosophy that advocates acceptance of life and events
B) Character
C) Is pessimistic in tone
D) Both a and c

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is a philosophy that has been refined and developed over time from its initiation by Zeno (3^rd century BCE)?

A) Kantism
B) Stoicism
C) Virtue ethics
D) Hedonism

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The , with their tradition of public service, admired commitment to serving the public part of the Stoic philosophy.

A) English
B) Romans
C) French
D) Chinese

Question 5

The foremost exponent of hedonism was:

A) Epicurus
B) Epictetus
C) Aristotle
D) Socrates

Question 6

Stoicism preaches that people should be:

A) always pursuing pleasure.
B) seeking to live a virtuous life.
C) indifferent to external events in life.
D) actively attempting to convert others to the faith.

Question 7

Hedonism is the philosophy that believes that:

A) character is the key to a happy life.
B) pleasure is the sole good.
C) people should be detached from the world.
D) serving others is the ultimate goal.

Question 8

Stoics believe all that happens in the world is fixed according to some divine plan.

A) Unworldly
B) Preconceived
C) Justified
D) Reincarnated

Question 9

Stoics assumed that good or evil depends on the:

A) virtues given at birth
B) self
C) interpretation of free will
D) presentation of the divine plan

Question 10

To a stoic:

A) life is predictable
B) everything turns out to be bad
C) everything happens by chance
D) nothing happens by chance

Question 11

The hedonist believes that:

A) pleasure is one of many goods
B) pleasure is the sole good
C) pleasure is not the highest good
D) pleasure can never be attained

Question 12

The reacted to the collapse of the closed social system of the city-states by offering advice to individuals in what for them was a crumbling world.

A) Stoics
B) Romans
C) English
D) French

Question 13

A stoic is one who is:

A) indifferent to virtues
B) indifferent to others
C) indifferent to external events
D) indifferent to everything which is his or her own doing

Question 14

Stoicism dominated Roman thinking about moral philosophy until ___________________ replaced it.

A) Nichomachean Ethics
B) Epicurian ethics
C) Christianity
D) politics

Question 15

One of the main effects of is that it places the onus for becoming good or bad directly on the individual.

A) Virtue
B) Tradition
C) Character
D) Stoicism

Question 16

Epictetus advocated a philosophy of , believing that this practice would constitute progress for the individual.

A) Morality
B) Ethics
C) Hedonism
D) Indifference

Question 17

Traditionally, hedonism has been expressed as the view that:

A) Pain alone is intrinsically good
B) Pleasure alone is intrinsically bad
C) Pleasure alone is intrinsically good
D) Pain alone is intrinsically bad

Question 18

Stoics and would agree that one cannot become just or courageous if one behaves in an unjust or cowardly manner.

A) Act consequentialists
B) Hedonists
C) Ethical moralists
D) Utilitarians

Question 19

Stoicism includes a belief in:

A) predestination.
B) reincarnation.
C) incantation.
D) rejuvenation.

Question 20

To stoics, should not be considered a bad thing because it has been predestined by God and therefore must be considered good.

A) Death
B) Hedonism
C) Life
D) All of the above

Question 21

Proponents of suspect that altruistic explanations of behavior are superficial and without substance.

A) Psychological hedonism
B) Ethical hedonism
C) Psychological egoism
D) Ethical egoism

Question 22

Critics point out that psychological egoism cannot be proved because:

A) it is not possible to interpret motives in an egotistical manner
B) it is possible to interpret all motives in an egotistical manner
C) it is not possible to interpret motives in a hedonistic manner
D) it is not possible to interpret motives at all

Question 23

What type of hedonism sees the pursuit of pleasure as normative?

A) Ethical
B) Pleasurable
C) Moral
D) Psychological

Question 24

Epicurius stated that the "aim" of human existence was:

A) avoid the corruption of pleasure
B) to fear death
C) flourishment of life
D) health of the body and tranquility of the mind

Question 25

What is attained by philosophical understanding and practical wisdom?

A) Pleasure
B) Character
C) Tranquility
D) Morality

Question 26

Hinman (1998) argues that does not amount to a moral theory at all.

A) Hedonism
B) Self-interest
C) Egoism
D) Altruism

Question 27

Epicurus felt that religion:

A) was the ultimate source of all morals.
B) could be a helpful guide in living a moral life.
C) was a hindrance to happiness.
D) served the interests of the ruling classes.

Question 28

When an egoist thinks of others:

A) he is motivated to do the right thing
B) he is concerned with how others view him
C) it is merely as a means to his or her own ends
D) it is for the greater good of all

Question 29

Psychological egoism is a theory which holds that:

A) all human behavior is motivated by self-interest.
B) truly altruistic behavior is natural and commonplace.
C) the unlimited pursuit of pleasure is good for both individuals and society.
D) virtue is learned from parents.

Question 30

In Epicurus's view, the proper way to live is to live and at the same time not suffer any of the undesirable effects of that living.

A) Pleasantly
B) Morally
C) Ethically
D) Justly

Question 31

In both of its forms, can be criticized for attempting to provide a single explanation for every human act.

A) Honesty
B) Hedonism
C) Pessimism
D) Morality

Question 32

The psychological egoist believes that:

A) our actions are always motivated by our own interests
B) our actions are usually motivated by our own interests
C) our actions are seldom motivated by our own interests
D) our actions are never motivated by our own interests

Question 33

Epicurus and other hedonists believed:

A) that excessive and harmful indulgences were to be sought.
B) public service was important.
C) excessive pursuit of pleasure can be self-defeating and bring pain.
D) advocated unlimited sensuality, orgies, etc.

Question 34

What involves putting one's own well-being above that of others?

A) Pleasure
B) Altruism
C) Pain
D) Egoism

Question 35

Which philosopher was a believer in psychological egoism, and tried to give a more general account of it by listing motives and showing how each could be read as egotistical acts or intentions?

A) John Locke
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) John Rawls
D) Immanuel Kant

Question 36

When looking at Hobbes concluded that the reason we feel it for others' misfortunes is that we are reminded that the same thing might happen to us.

A) Charity
B) Altruism
C) Pity
D) Compassion

Question 37

Epicurus's main aim was to establish a philosophy concerned with the attainment of:

A) Happiness
B) Pleasure
C) Pain
D) Morality

Question 38

Epicurus, an early hedonist concluded that the aim of human existence should be:

A) unlimited pleasure seeking and indulgence.
B) withdrawal from the world.
C) making the world a better place.
D) a healthy body and a tranquil mind.

Question 39

Hobbes believed that when people demonstrated charity, they were really emphasizing:

A) Altruistic intentions
B) Their own cynicism
C) Egotistical altruism
D) Their own superiority

Question 40

The psychological hedonist:

A) pursues only pleasure and avoids pain in his life
B) pursues moderate pleasure in his life
C) pursues only his psychological well being
D) pursues both pleasures and pains in his life

Question 41

Stoicism, egoism and hedonism today:

A) are widely followed by moral philosophers.
B) are inconsistent with the values of modern consumer society.
C) have little support among moral philosophers.
D) are consistent with the philosophy of Kant.

Question 42

Stoicism shares the concern of with individual character because it argues that developing the appropriate stoic frame of mind will lead us to virtue.

A) Virtue ethics
B) Act consequentialism
C) Hypothetical consequentialism
D) Ethical egoists

Question 43

The first step in an ethical egoism evaluation of an ethical dilemma is the question:

A) will others benefit from what will benefit me most?
B) which option has the lowest risk of causing pain?
C) what would a virtuous person do?
D) what act/option would most benefit me?

Question 44

Which of the following is not a criticism of ethical egoism?

A) It is an outdated theory applicable only to ancient societies
B) It suggests true altruism is not possible
C) It does not assist in resolving conflicts
D) It suggests egoists cannot have friendships

Question 45

The famous political philosopher Thomas Hobbs argued against psychological egoism.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT part of the consideration understaken by egoists when facing an ethical dilemma?

A) What act would most benefit me?
B) The most ethical action is that which is best for the most
C) Will others benefit from the action that most benefits me?
D) How will my self-interest be best promoted?

Question 47

If a particular act would benefit our own self-interest as well as the interests of others, that act will not be considered contrary to the goals of ethical egoism.

Question 48

If a particular act would benefit our own as well as those of others, that act will not be considered contrary to the goals of ethical egoism.

A) Hedonism
B) Self-interest
C) Egoism
D) Altruism

Question 49

What claims that promoting one's own greatest good is always to act in accordance with reason and morality?

A) Psychological hedonism
B) Ethical hedonism
C) Psychological egoism
D) Ethical egoism

Question 50

Whereas psychological egoism is a theory about how people actual behave, ethical egoism is a theory about:

A) how others ought to behave
B) how others think we ought to behave
C) how we think others ought to behave
D) how we ought to behave

Question 51

Both stoics and hedonists would agree that one cannot become just or courageous if one behaves in an unjust or cowardly manner.

Question 52

Stoics believe in predestination.

Question 53

Ayn Rand argued that is a destructive idea, devaluing the individual.

A) Hedonism
B) Self-interest
C) Egoism
D) Altruism

Question 54

Proponents of ethical egoism suspect that altruistic explanations of behavior are superficial and without substance.

Question 55

Stoicism was a product of changes in ancient Greece.

Question 56

The two main forms of Egoism are psychological and sociological.

Question 57

would respond to issues such as world hunger by claiming that starving people should be helped only when it is their own self-interest to do so.

A) Virtue ethics
B) Act consequentialism
C) Hypothetical consequentialism
D) Ethical egoists

Question 58

For ethical hedonists, the question of how one ought to live is answered by the idea that the good life consists of a life of pleasure and that a person ought to act in such a way as to acquire pleasure.

Question 59

Ethical egoism is consistent with Kant's theory of duty.

Question 60

One of the main effects of stoicism is that it places the onus for becoming good or bad directly on the individual.

Question 61

What are the two forms of egoism?

Question 62

Discuss, describe, compare and contrast Ethical Hedonism and Psychological Hedonism.

Question 63

The first step in analysis from the perspective of Ethical Egoism is to ask what acts would most _______.

Question 64

The two forms of hedonism theory are ________.

Question 65

According to Stoics, our are not to be taken into account, and we ought to be indifferent to them.

Question 66

Hedonism advocates the pursuit of _______ as the normative.

Question 67

Ayn Rand was a supporter of the theory of _______.

Question 68

Discuss, describe, compare and contrast the theories of Stoicism, Ethical Egoism and Hedonism.

Question 69

An early advocate of Hedonism was the Greek philosopher _______.

Question 70

Hedonism is sometimes associated with the idea of unlimited pleasure seeking and overindulgence. Is that association valid?

Question 71

Explain the philosophy of Stoicism. With which parts do you agree? Specify the parts with which you disagree. Please provide examples.

Question 72

An early advocate of Stoicism was the Greek philosopher _______.

Question 73

Of the three theories discussed in the chapter, only _______ has any significant following in the field of moral philosophy.

Question 74

Do you agree with the assertion of psychological egoism that there are no truly altruistic acts? Explain your position and provide an example.

Question 75

Define predestination.