Deck 16: A Sense of Justice Application of the Principles

Question 1

Rawls' book, A Theory of Justice, is specifically intended to provide a clear alternative to:

A) Consequentialist or utilitarian thought
B) Aristotle's theory of justice
C) Plato's theory of justice
D) Theories of social justice

Answer 1

A

Question 2

For Rawls. in order for moral persons to develop moral capabilities like knowing "the good" and pursuing justice, they must:

A) create a society based on "the good" and justice
B) create a society based on teleology and deontology
C) create a society based on fair procedures and conditions
D) create a society based on respect for persons

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The would seem to apply naturally to inequalities arising from the creation of new jobs.

A) Inequality principle
B) Morality principle
C) Social contract
D) Difference principle

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Rawls' theory deals primarily with________ justice.

A) legal
B) social
C) racial
D) political

Question 5

To ensure that no one will gain an advantage or suffer a disadvantage because of his or her particular circumstances in society, we choose the principles of justice behind a:

A) perspective of origin
B) veil of ignorance
C) difference of virtues
D) none of these

Question 6

Rawls contends that we can discover the nature of a society by ascertaining the kind of society that would be chosen by those in the original position.

A) Rational
B) Just
C) Moral
D) Family

Question 7

Rawls's conception of has an ancient and classical origin.

A) Morals
B) Virtues
C) Justice
D) Ignorance

Question 8

Rawls attempts to demonstrate that if the parties are and act only in their own self-interest, they will choose the two principles of justice he put forth.

A) Rational
B) Just
C) Moral
D) Family

Question 9

Rawls asserts it is the business of to establish fundamental principles that would govern a morally good society.

A) Kantianism
B) Egoism
C) Moral theory
D) Ethics

Question 10

For Rawls, ___________ is the basic structure of society, and the basis for describing how major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties:

A) utility
B) "the good"
C) equality
D) justice

Question 11

Rawls favors an emphasis on rights of rather than the means.

A) Criminals
B) The upper class
C) The lower class
D) Individuals

Question 12

Rawls argues that moral persons have two distinguishing features:

A) They understand "the good" and have a sense of justice
B) They know right from wrong, and have a sense of justice
C) They want to do "good," and know injustice when they see it
D) they neither believe in a "good," nor in the concept of "justice

Question 13

Rawls argues that moral persons possess a/an , as well as the capacity to pursue a conception of "the good" in a rational manner.

A) Rational mind
B) Sense of justice
C) Ignorance
D) Appreciation of values

Question 14

Rawls does not pretend to identify the that would satisfy the demands of the basic structure of society.

A) Totality of morals
B) Totality of principles
C) Totality of equality
D) Totality of justice

Question 15

Rawls contends that any must benefit everyone, but in particular, it must benefit the least advantaged.

A) Punishment
B) Judgment
C) Inequality
D) Difference

Question 16

Rawls argues that moral people have two traits, a:

A) concern for both results and duties
B) A sincere concern for both their welfare and the welfare of others
C) A sense of justice and the capacity to pursue the "good" in a rational manner
D) An appreciation of both deontological and Kantian theories of ethics

Question 17

Rawls describes his principles as:

A) Principles of social justice that provide means of assigning rights and duties in the institutions of society
B) Moral justifications
C) Principles that define an appropriate distribution of benefits and burdens
D) Both a and c

Question 18

Rawls sees the inclusion of as one significant way in which his first principle of justice could be institutionalized in a given society.

A) Court rules
B) Prisoner rights
C) A Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution
D) Morals

Question 19

Equality is a mark of , and any acts promoting equality are justified, providing they do not worsen the situation of the least advantaged.

A) Institutional justice
B) Ethical justice
C) Social justice
D) Moral justice

Question 20

Rawls' believes that the two principles of justice that would be chosen by persons in the original position concern:

A) maximizing liberties, but minimizing social inequalities
B) maximizing liberties and arranging social and economic inequalities
C) minimizing liberties and maximizing social inequalities
D) maximizing social equalities

Question 21

According to Rawls the first stage of moral development occurs in the family and is called:

A) Morality of principles
B) Morality of association
C) Morality of authority
D) Morality of common interests

Question 22

The is to be assessed by reference to basic benefit to individuals who would otherwise be economically disadvantaged.

A) Social contract
B) Common good
C) Inequality principle
D) None of the above

Question 23

Rawls discusses moral development particularly in the context of .

A) The state
B) Schools
C) Morals
D) The family

Question 24

In defining justice, Rawls concentrates primarily on equality and:

A) Finding the truth
B) Fairness
C) Due process
D) Tradition

Question 25

One of the most controversial parts of Rawls' theory is his treatment of inequality According to Rawls, all social values, including rights, income and wealth, and the basis of self-respect are, to be distributed equally unless:

A) The person can show they have earned these advantages honestly
B) An unequal distribution of these is to everyone's benefit
C) The inequality benefits only the least advantaged
D) The inequality is based on inherited wealth

Question 26

What reflects the Kantian principle that people are never to be treated as means to an end but always ends in themselves?

A) Inequality principle
B) Morality principle
C) Difference principle
D) Social contract

Question 27

Actions that move away from are justified only if they benefit the least advantaged.

A) Equality
B) Morality
C) Ethics
D) Principles

Question 28

Benn (1998) suggests that it is unrealistic to discount talents and abilities, as Rawls proposes in the:

A) Veil of ignorance
B) Perspective of origin
C) Original position
D) Difference of virtues

Question 29

Rawls' theory and its underlying principles apply to ___________, not the actions of individuals.

A) institutions
B) communities
C) countries
D) government

Question 30

In Rawls' theory, the highest or final period in the development of morals is:

A) Morality of principles.
B) Morality of association.
C) Mortality of authority.
D) Morality of common interests.

Question 31

The principles and the concern hypothetical people in a hypothetical situation.

A) Veil of ignorance
B) Perspective of origin
C) Original position
D) Difference of virtues

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages of moral development according to Rawls?

A) morality of authority
B) morality of principles
C) morality of reducing injustice
D) morality of associations

Question 33

The is egalitarian in nature in the sense that it places a restriction on the amount of inequality that is permitted.

A) Difference principle
B) Inequality principle
C) Morality principle
D) Social contract

Question 34

Which term is defined as a public system of rules which defines offices and positions with their rights and duties, powers and immunities?

A) Institution
B) Law
C) Regulation
D) Rule

Question 35

It can be argued that Rawls's model ensures that at least the are impartial and that this is a desirable feature of moral principles.

A) Ethics
B) Principles
C) Institutions
D) Governments

Question 36

Similar associations arise through the school and the neighborhood, and through these institutions, the child learns:

A) Equality
B) Morality
C) Ethics
D) Principles

Question 37

He assumes that the well-ordered society includes the:

A) Family unit
B) Veil of ignorance
C) Morality of principles
D) Morality of authority

Question 38

As to the distribution of wealth and income under the second principle:

A) The distribution of these need not be equal
B) It must be to the advantage of all
C) Positions of authority and offices of command must be accessible to everyone
D) All of the above

Question 39

Rawls believes that children develop a sense of justice and morality in two stages, based primarily on their:

A) education
B) family life
C) social life
D) heritage

Question 40

Rawls explains that his intention is to present a that is abstract in nature.

A) Perspective of origin
B) Model of justice
C) Difference of virtues
D) Veil of ignorance

Question 41

For Rawls, the second stage of moral development is morality of association.

Question 42

According to Rawls, government should play no role in creating an ethical society.

Question 43

Rawls's model places considerable emphasis on the .

A) State
B) Inequality
C) Morals
D) Family

Question 44

Rawls theory of justice is a utilitarian or consequentialist theory.

Question 45

According to at least one critic, Rawls ignores the operation of gender in the family.

Question 46

According to Rawls, the government should:

A) Abolish all inequalities.
B) Regulate inequality through fair bargaining processes.
C) Abolish private property.
D) Seek to end all forms of personal discrimination.

Question 47

The child complies with largely because of bonds of friendship and feeling for others and because he or she wishes to gain the approval of the wider society.

A) The veil of ignorance
B) The perspective of origin
C) moral positions
D) the difference of virtues

Question 48

Any departure from equal liberty may be justified by greater social and economic advantages.

Question 49

Rawls's theory is directed at , at achieving social justice, and at the question of how to construct a well-ordered society.

A) Institutions
B) Social institutions
C) Laws
D) Morals

Question 50

As Alejandro (1998) states, "Rawlsian fairness is power".

A) Moral
B) Constrained
C) Justified
D) Meaningful

Question 51

Rawls' theory cannot be used to:

A) Guide government action.
B) create a better society
C) help the least fortunate in society
D) Solve individual particular ethical dilemmas

Question 52

According to Rawls, the family plays a key early role in the development of individual morality.

Question 53

In reality, the of labor has been a fundamental part of the marriage contract.

A) Economic division
B) Moral division
C) Sexual division
D) All of the above

Question 54

While Rawls' theory is abstract and he did not apply it to any concrete issues, it could be applied to issues in criminal justice concerning:

A) intermediate sanctions
B) criminology
C) poverty
D) discrimination

Question 55

As a theory to achieve social justice, Rawls' model cannot be applied to individual:

A) ethical dilemmas
B) social injustice
C) political inequality
D) moral stages

Question 56

Rawls wants a society where:

A) Wealth is distributed widely
B) People engage in meaningful work
C) Citizens have the opportunity to participate in the political process and political parties advance the vision of the public good
D) All of the above

Question 57

If we make judgments in accordance with those principles, we will be acting morally.

Question 58

Piaget concluded that even young children have a sense of justice and injustice.

Question 59

Rawls believes that government power can assist in overcoming inequality and create a stable, well-ordered society.

Question 60

Rawls argued that people are not capable of rational, goal-oriented behavior.

Question 61

According to Rawls, the first institution where people begin to learn morality is the _______.

Question 62

Explain Rawls' "difference principle" and provide an example.

Question 63

Two famous Greek philosophers, _______ were also concerned with the concept of "justice."

Question 64

Transmits the idea that the principles of justice are agreed to in an initial situation that is considered fair.

Question 65

Provide an example of how decisions are made behind a veil of ignorance.

Question 66

Rawls' basic principle of equality/inequality is called the _______ principle.

Question 67

People who choose the principles do so under a ?

Question 68

How does Rawls's veil of ignorance impact the original position?

Question 69

In Rawls's model, the persons who must decide and conclude the agreement from what is called the are men and women of ordinary talents and tastes..

Question 70

The difference principle states that although primary goods and services are to be distributed , there is nevertheless a way in which certain inequalities can be considered just.

Question 71

Rawls intends to formulate a set of that would help us to make judgments about institutions and actions.

Question 72

Rawls contends that any inequality must benefit everyone but in particular it must benefit the _______.

Question 73

Explain Rawls' theory stages of moral development. Please provide an example of moral development at each stage.

Question 74

Fully discuss Rawls's original position theory.

Question 75

Like Kant, Rawls favors establishing _______ or principles to govern our sense of justice.