Deck 12: Duty and Principle Hypothetical and Categorical Imperatives

Question 1

Through the categorical imperative, a Kantian asks whether he or she would be willing to __________ the rule, in which case it is morally permissible.

A) obey
B) disobey
C) justify
D) universalize

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Moral obligations do not depend on particular desires, but are:

A) Ethical
B) Hypothetical
C) Categorical
D) Contingent

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In Kant's version of , there are some actions we must perform.

A) Ethics
B) Justice
C) Vanity
D) Morality

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The would state that you ought to help people if you care for them or if you have some other purpose that might be served by helping them.

A) Categorical imperative
B) Hypothetical imperative
C) Ethical imperative
D) Moral imperative

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a maxim?

A) Always be loyal to your friends.
B) Always watch out for number one.
C) Don't act in a way that will shame your parents.
D) All of these

Question 6

For Kant, motive is essential, and actions possess moral worth only if they are performed in accordance with the and out of the motive of duty.

A) Categorical imperative
B) Moral imperative
C) Ethical imperative
D) Rational imperative

Question 7

Of Kant's two types of people who help others, the second type helps:

A) For the sake of duty alone
B) For the sake of a categorical imperative
C) Without motives of vanity or self-interest
D) All of the above

Question 8

Kant's philosophy means that morality should be based on the concepts of:

A) Duty
B) Obligation
C) Rationality
D) All of the above

Question 9

For Kant, any action is moral if it is:

A) Sincerely motivated by a sense of duty.
B) Rational given the personal interests of the actor.
C) Results in greater social good.
D) Consistent with the general will.

Question 10

What is a personal or subjective plan of action, incorporating the agent's reasons for acting as well as a sufficient indication of what act the reasons call for?

A) Morality
B) Imperative
C) Maxim
D) Principle

Question 11

According to Kant:

A) we do what is right because it is right and it is right because it is our duty
B) a moral action is right because it will result in happiness
C) deontology is similar to utilitarianism because it includes a focus on the personal welfare
D) we do what is right because it is right and it is right because if give us "good feelings"

Question 12

Kant termed his absolute moral rules _______ imperatives.

A) hypothetical
B) relative
C) contingent
D) categorical

Question 13

Morality requires that we act as a fully being would act.

A) Justified
B) Moral
C) Rational
D) Emotional

Question 14

The central question for a Kantian is:

A) How ought I to live?
B) What ought I to do?
C) What is the "good"?
D) What is the meaning of life?

Question 15

For famed philosopher Emmanuel Kant morality depends upon:

A) The consequences.
B) Intuitive understanding.
C) Following absolute rules.
D) Following God's will.

Question 16

Maxim includes:

A) Principle
B) Hypotheticals
C) Motive
D) Both a and c

Question 17

Of Kant's two types of people who help others, the first type helps:

A) For the sake of duty alone
B) For the sake of a categorical imperative
C) Without motives of vanity or self-interest
D) All of the above

Question 18

For Kant, moral action is done from a respect for:

A) inclination
B) duty
C) desire
D) summun bonum

Question 19

Kant argued that we ought not only to do what's right, but:

A) we ought not harm others as we do it
B) to be aware of the consequences of our actions
C) to ensure that we act with a good moral character
D) to do it for the right reason or motive

Question 20

The means that rule you would be following if you were to do that act.

A) Morality of the act
B) Maxim of the act
C) Reasoning of the act
D) Determination of the act

Question 21

Which theory of punishment, if the only one utilized, is the most inconsistent with Kant's theory of not using other people as means to an end?

A) Retribution.
B) Rehabilitation.
C) General deterrence.
D) Just desserts.

Question 22

Kant argued that the is an expression of the law of reason.

A) Hypothetical imperative
B) Categorical imperative
C) Rational law
D) Moral law

Question 23

In Kant's view, human beings have a/an worth or dignity that is not enjoyed by other animals.

A) Extrinsic
B) Intrinsic
C) Moral
D) Categorical

Question 24

Kant thought humans had intrinsic worth and dignity because they are ____________ agents.

A) animalistic
B) juvenile
C) living
D) rational

Question 25

If to follow a proposed categorical imperative is ___________, then it is not morally permissible.

A) illegal
B) self-defeating
C) immoral
D) vague

Question 26

Kant proposed that the rule against lying is a:

A) Categorical imperative
B) Hypothetical imperative
C) Ethical imperative
D) Moral imperative

Question 27

Kant argues that the categorical imperative binds rational agents because they are:

A) Rational
B) irrational
C) required by duty to do so
D) reflective of a positive outcome

Question 28

According to Kant, if we treat others not as ends in themselves, but as means to an end, then we:

A) disregard their humanity
B) violate the hypothetical imperative
C) will never achieve just ends
D) will best achieve just ends

Question 29

Significant literature has developed as followers of Kant have constructed devices to make the formula work as a/an:

A) Justification
B) Rule
C) Action guide
D) Anterior motive

Question 30

Kant argued that the moral law is an expression of the law of __________, and therefore rationale human beings embody the moral law itself.

A) respect
B) reason
C) just ends
D) universality

Question 31

Hill (2000), following Kant, argues that use of force in self-defense against opposing force:

A) Shows a lack of human respect for the attacker.
B) Is a selfish, immoral act.
C) violates Kant's second categorical imperative
D) Is moral, and a right and responsibility.

Question 32

Kant's third or "Kingdom of Ends" categorical imperative means that:

A) we should follow divine commands
B) we should only act where others will follow by our example
C) we should rely upon reason, tempered by religious conviction
D) we cannot rely upon society, government, or religious leaders to tell us what our moral decisions should be

Question 33

Kant assumed that immoral/unethical acts were always also:

A) Acts that resulted in more harm than good.
B) Irrational.
C) Violations of religious tenets.
D) Violations of the principle of non-deontology.

Question 34

According to Kant, we should not allow our choices to be made for us by anyone else because we would be compromised by our:

A) Morality
B) Determination
C) Autonomy
D) Rationality

Question 35

Kant assumed that, at least in general, human beings are:

A) Capable of rational behavior and worthy of respect.
B) Highly emotional and not responsible for acts motivated by emotion.
C) Irrational and in need of strictly enforced and detailed rules of conduct.
D) Incapable of resolving moral dilemmas.

Question 36

When applied to the criminal justice system, Kant's theory requires that we:

A) Place the interests of the victim above those of the offender.
B) Always treat all offenders with dignity and respect even when they are punished.
C) Analyze the duties the offender was trying to carry out.
D) Try to obtain the best outcome for both the offender and society.

Question 37

One should never lie because if lying became a all relations based on trust and honoring promises would become unworkable.

A) Moral
B) Justification
C) Principle
D) Universal law

Question 38

One form of Kant's categorical imperative is based on the principle of universality, while the second version is based on:

A) the Golden Rule
B) the "no-harm" principle
C) respect for persons
D) respect for self

Question 39

In the third categorical imperative the emphasis is that when we act morally we fully choose our own moral decisions as:

A) Justified individuals
B) Autonomous moral agents
C) Thinking beings
D) Justified moral agents

Question 40

As an example of Kant's second categorical imperative, Hinman (1998) describes research done in the 1930s on the long-term effects of:

A) Syphilis
B) Depression
C) Marijuana
D) All of the above

Question 41

A "maxim" is a general rule or plan of action.

Question 42

One way of dealing with conflicting duties is to:

A) ask for help in solving the ethical dilemma
B) argue that moral rules should be treated as generalizations
C) test each option against each of the maxims
D) always opt for the duty that provides the best consequences

Question 43

The test for the categorical imperative is:

A) Whether an individual is willing for a particular moral judgment to be followed by all persons at all times
B) Whether an individual is willing for a particular rule to be followed by all persons at all times
C) Whether an individual is unwilling to abide by moral rules
D) Whether an individual is unwilling to justify his or her moral actions

Question 44

When a person applies Kantian or any deontological theory the person must always consider the consequences of their behavior.

Question 45

Kant's emphasis on absolute moral rules does not provide a means of:

A) resolving moral dilemmas
B) encouraging moral behavior
C) educating others as to what ought to be done
D) limiting immoral behavior

Question 46

In the example of "Rough Justice in a Juvenile Institution," Joe will use a ____________ approach to resolving the dilemma of what to do after seeing Darren force a juvenile to eat from bowl on the floor.

A) amoral
B) deontological
C) utilitarian
D) teleological

Question 47

Kantian theory is consistent with the ideas of due process, fair trials and rights for the accused.

Question 48

Because Kant viewed adult humans as autonomous, rational human agents, he concluded that we cannot rely on religion, government or others to tell us what is right.

Question 49

Kant argues that we have a prima facie duty to:

A) Help others
B) Keep promises
C) Repay past acts of kindness
D) All of the above

Question 50

As Hill (2000) points out, in Kantian moral theory, strict are conceptually impossible.

A) Moral dilemmas
B) Ethical judgments
C) Deontological issues
D) Utilitarian dilemmas

Question 51

Kant believed that human beings are creatures and that every act should be evaluated as if one's behavior were to become universal law.

A) Moral
B) Rational
C) Categorical
D) Hypothetical

Question 52

Kant's theory that every adult was a rational autonomous agent who should make all ethical decisions themselves without external guidance was inconsistent with the prevailing view during his lifetime.

Question 53

What is the fourth criteria used when applying a deontological evaluation to an ethical dilemma?

A) Determine the intention of the act
B) Determine the duties involved in the situation
C) Determine whether the duties conflict
D) Determine whether the act will use any person as a means to an end

Question 54

One possible problem within Kant's theory is the conflict:

A) Between hypothetical and categorical maxims.
B) Between reason and emotion.
C) Between two applicable categorical imperatives when one must act.
D) between absolute rules and categorical imperatives

Question 55

Because lies can sometimes result in greater good than harm, Kant had no categorical imperative against lying.

Question 56

For Kant, hypothetical imperatives were universal moral rules that had no exceptions.

Question 57

Kant believed that animals should be treated according to the same ethical rules as humans.

Question 58

Kant's principles are consistent with the 8^th Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 59

What is the sixth criteria used when applying a deontological evaluation to an ethical dilemma?

A) Determine the intention of the act
B) Determine the duties involved in the situation
C) Determine whether the duties conflict
D) Determine whether the act will use any person as a means to an end

Question 60

Kant believed that people should always be treated as means to end and never as an end in themselves.

Question 61

Compare and contrast Kant's two types of imperatives.

Question 62

Explain how the principles of due process, the ban on cruel and unusual punishment and other current feature of the U.S. criminal justice system are consistent with Kant's theory.

Question 63

What was Kant's second formulation? What did it discuss?

Question 64

The categorical imperative that causes the most conflicting duties or ethical dilemmas is the rule against _________.

Question 65

Research done on the long term effects of is an example of Kant's second formulation.

Question 66

The example of the Dutch fishermen during World War II is an example of what problem in Kant's theory? Explain how it is an example. Please also provide another example by analogy.

Question 67

Because Kant viewed adult humans as autonomous ________ he concluded that we cannot rely on religion, government or others to tell us what is right.

Question 68

Kant's hypothetical imperatives are sometimes referred to as _______ imperatives.

Question 69

Kant argued that moral law is the expression of the:

Question 70

Define the Principle of Universality.

Question 71

In Kant's theory, absolute moral rules were termed _______.

Question 72

Kant used the term _______ to refer to a rule or general plan of action.

Question 73

Discuss how lying is related to Kant's argument regarding conflicting duties.

Question 74

According to Kant, people should not be treated as a _______ to an end.

Question 75

Kant's theory is an example of a _______ theory because it is not concerned with the consequences of an act.