Deck 12: Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

Thomas is away from his wife at a business convention. While some of his male colleagues take the distance from home as an opportunity for some "one-night stands," Thomas has no interest doing anything that could hurt his marriage. Thomas is displaying a(n) _____ style.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Answer 1

secure attachment

Question 2

Rose's ex-boyfriend, Peter, describes her as clingy and dependent. During their relationship, she always wanted to be told that she was loved and wanted to rush into marriage. She also kept tabs on Peter and was jealous of all his female friends and colleagues. Rose seems to have a(n) _____ attachment style.

A) secure
B) anxious
C) autonomous
D) avoidant

Answer 2

anxious

Question 3

As a baby, William developed a secure attachment to his mother. Years later, he is in a stable and secure love relationship with Lisa. This is consistent with longitudinal research showing that secure attachment to parents during childhood correlates with:

A) higher academic achievement in college.
B) stronger sibling relationships in adulthood.
C) secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.
D) an easy temperament in adulthood.

Answer 3

secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.

Question 4

Once Doug fell in love with Teresa he wanted her to move in with him. He gets worried and jealous when other men give her compliments and makes sure they know that she is with him. Doug is displaying a(n) _____ style.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 5

Adults with a(n) _____ style have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 6

Of the three attachment styles, the _____ style is the most likely to show dramatic jealousy and possessiveness.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 7

In terms of relating to their partners, the most distant of the attachment styles is the _____ style.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 8

Craig is positive about his relationship with Melanie. She has a possessive nature, but he enjoys her company. He is not stressed about the relationship, but he is careful to not mention other women at work because he knows she can get jealous. It is likely that Craig has a(n) _____ style and Melanie has a(n) _____style.

A) secure attachment; avoidant attachment
B) secure attachment; anxious attachment
C) secure attachment; autonomous attachment
D) anxious attachment; avoidant attachment

Question 9

Pamela enjoys her relationship with Travis. She loves and trusts him, even though he is one who needs his personal space. He "protects his heart" by not letting himself totally attach to another person. It is likely that Pamela has a(n) _____ style and Travis has a(n) _____style.

A) secure attachment; avoidant attachment
B) secure attachment; anxious attachment
C) secure attachment; autonomous attachment
D) anxious attachment; avoidant attachment

Question 10

Which of the following appears during infancy and plays an important part in socioemotional development and love relationships well into adulthood?

A) Executive function
B) Temperament
C) Conservation
D) Attachment

Question 11

Research indicates that links between early attachment styles and later attachment styles were _____ by stressful and disruptive experiences.

A) not impacted by
B) lessened
C) facilitated
D) enhanced

Question 12

Anna is not overly stressed out about her relationship with her boyfriend Danny. She trusts him and is sure that if there are any problems, they can talk it through and come to an understanding. Which of the following BEST describes Anna's attachment style?

A) Secure attachment
B) Anxious attachment
C) Avoidant attachment
D) Autonomous attachment

Question 13

Dr. Gilmore is conducting a longitudinal study of self-concept, looking at stability and change within individuals. He is collecting data from participants when they turn 10, 20, 30 and

Question 14

In his meeting with a counselor, Dalton revealed that he was uncomfortable being close to others. He finds it difficult to trust people completely and doesn't allow himself to depend completely on them. He gets nervous if someone tries to get too intimate with him. It seems likely that Dalton has a(n) _____ attachment style.

A) secure
B) anxious
C) autonomous
D) avoidant

Question 15

Even though Dawn and Gregory have been married for seven years, she still has a strong sense of her things and his things. Rather than merge their lives, Dawn tends to think of them as "friends with benefits." Dawn is displaying a(n) _____ style.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 16

Heather and Jason have been a couple for about a year. She enjoys having such a close relationship, and rather than finding it stressful she finds it comforting. Heather is displaying a(n):

A) avoidant attachment style.
B) secure attachment style.
C) anxious attachment style.
D) autonomous attachment style.

Question 17

_____ infants are defined as those who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment.

A) Anxious
B) Avoidant
C) Dependent
D) Securely attached

Question 18

Which of the following was FALSE of research on adult attachment styles?

A) Adoption was linked to an insecure attachment at age
21)
B) An insecurity avoidant attachment at eight years old was linked to higher social anxiety at age
21)
C) Infants who were securely attached at age one were attached securely to a romantic partner at age
21)
D) An insecurity avoidant attachment at eight years old was linked to loneliness at age
21)

Question 19

Which pair of measurements will show the most stability in individual self-concept?

A) When comparing age 10 and age 20
B) When comparing age 20 and age 30
C) When comparing age 20 and age 40
D) When comparing age 10 and age 40

Question 20

Even though she really enjoyed her company, Karen was hesitant to get into a relationship with Julie. Once living in the same place, Karen insisted that they keep their property and money separate. Karen really didn't think of herself as being in a relationship. Her behavior shows a(n)_____ style.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 21

Monica always says she is an introvert because she often prefers to be alone. She is fine with the fact that she doesn't have many close friends and is usually home on Friday nights. It is likely that Monica has a(n) _____ style.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 22

Erikson believed that _____ required a commitment to another person, and by making that commitment we would find ourselves while losing ourselves in another person.

A) independence
B) intimacy
C) attachment
D) temperament

Question 23

Danielle and Bryan, college students, are developing romantic feelings for each other. They spend time together just talking about their past experiences, their hopes and fears, and the kind of persons they would like to become. Erikson would say they are demonstrating the key characteristics of:

A) independence.
B) identity.
C) intimacy.
D) attachment.

Question 24

Which of the following is FALSE about most adult friendships?

A) Most are long lasting.
B) Best friends are usually of the same sex.
C) Most have been friends since childhood.
D) Most have a best friend.

Question 25

In a recent study, young adults with a(n) _____ style were more likely to be characterized by less desire to be with others when alone.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 26

Which of the following attachment styles is most likely to have close friendships characterized by trust, commitment, and longevity?

A) Autonomous attachment style
B) Avoidant attachment style
C) Anxious attachment style
D) Secure attachment style

Question 27

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the sixth developmental stage?

A) Intimacy versus isolation
B) Identity versus identity confusion
C) Autonomy versus shame and doubt
D) Industry versus inferiority

Question 28

Holly's friends would say she is usually stressed and often in a bad mood. She is one of those suspicious people who will focus on what is or could go wrong. She often feels like people avoid her because of her attitude, but that's just who she is. Research would say it's likely that Holly has a(n) _____ style.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 29

Nicholas and George seem to have an emotional, intense relationship. Both are possessive of each other, and either one gets jealous of any outside attention. Except for when they are at work, they tend to stay physically close, as if they are keeping an eye on each other. It seems that both Nicholas and George have a(n) _____ style.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 30

In a study of U.S. college students from 1988 to 2011, the percentage of students with a secure attachment style _____, and the percentage of students with an insecure attachment style _____.

A) increased; increased
B) decreased; decreased
C) increased; decreased
D) decreased; increased

Question 31

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a precursor to intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood?

A) Identity development
B) Insecure attachment
C) Postconventional reasoning
D) Postformal

Question 32

Women's friendships are characterized by all of the following except:

A) extended talking and listening.
B) depth and breadth of topics.
C) matching interests in activities and sports.
D) self-disclosure and mutual support.

Question 33

Leslie and Christy hadn't seen each other in about four months. Upon arriving at a restaurant with their husbands, they soon were talking about serious and personal issues. Their husbands talked about sports teams. These behaviors are typical of research showing that female friends display more:

A) emotional intimacy.
B) rivalry.
C) competition.
D) physical intimacy.

Question 34

According to Erik Erikson, balancing all of the demands of the following are part of the central task of adulthood, with the exception of:

A) identity.
B) industry.
C) intimacy.
D) independence.

Question 35

A recent study revealed that in their early twenties, women showed more _____ with their closest friend than did men.

A) emotional intimacy
B) rivalry
C) competition
D) physical intimacy

Question 36

_____ love has strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and it often predominates in the early part of a love relationship.

A) Companionate
B) Affectionate
C) Consummate
D) Romantic

Question 37

In a recent study, young adults with a(n) _____ style were more likely to be characterized by higher negative affect, stress, and perceived social rejection.

A) secure attachment
B) anxious attachment
C) avoidant attachment
D) autonomous attachment

Question 38

Shannon is telling her friend, Lori, about breaking up with Aaron. Shannon said that both changed as they went through college. Shannon said, "I know more about who I am and what I want now." Lori, remembering her Lifespan Psych class, said, "Erikson was right. You need to have your _____ worked out before you make a love commitment."

A) identity
B) attachment style
C) friendships
D) ego attachments

Question 39

Which of the following is another name for romantic love?

A) Passionate love
B) Affectionate love
C) Companionate love
D) Consummate love

Question 40

Erikson viewed development in early adulthood as involving a balance of:

A) autonomy and freedom on the one hand, with shame and doubt on the other.
B) passion and trust.
C) interconnection, independence, and negotiation.
D) intimacy and commitment on the one hand, with independence and freedom on the other.

Question 41

Research has linked romantic love to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) to be a cause of depression.
B) a desire to start a family.
C) to be a cause of anxiety.
D) to promote better sleep.

Question 42

John and Cynthia are celebrating their tenth wedding anniversary. Reflecting back, they remember how obsessed they were with each other when they were first married. Over time they have grown more comfortable and able to become partners in building their lives together. Consistent with Shaver's model, they moved from _____ love to _____ love.

A) romantic; affectionate
B) affectionate; romantic
C) fatuous; affectionate
D) affectionate; fatuous

Question 43

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.

A) attachment
B) intimacy
C) commitment
D) passion

Question 44

Amy and Dan have been a couple for two months, and they are obsessed with each other. Not only is their sexual life overly active, they are in almost constant communication with each other. Amy and Dan are displaying the qualities of _____ love.

A) companionate
B) affectionate
C) consummate
D) romantic

Question 45

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, complete love is characterized by:

A) role exchanges, exclusivity, and commitment.
B) shared activities, self-disclosure, and commitment.
C) passion, commitment, and intimacy.
D) transference, companionship, and self-disclosure.

Question 46

According to Ellen Berscheid, the most important ingredient of romantic love is:

A) friendship.
B) sexual desire.
C) long-term commitment.
D) spontaneity in behavior.

Question 47

Although Jessica was ready for a relationship, Matthew was hesitant about getting into a relationship. After spending time with her and making a commitment to an intimate relationship, Matthew has grown more comfortable. Matthew's behavior is consistent with a meta-analysis of studies on romantic love that found that:

A) males show lower anxiety about romantic love than females.
B) females show higher avoidance of romantic love than males.
C) males show less affection than females.
D) males and females show the same level of affection about romantic love.

Question 48

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, couples in fatuous love need to add _____ to have consummate love.

A) attachment
B) commitment
C) intimacy
D) passion

Question 49

Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him, but we aren't what you would call emotionally close. I love being with him, but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love, which type of love is Julie experiencing?

A) Affectionate love
B) Infatuation
C) Consummate love
D) Companionate love

Question 50

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ involves physical and sexual attraction to another.

A) attachment
B) commitment
C) intimacy
D) passion

Question 51

A meta-analysis of studies on romantic love found that:

A) males show lower anxiety about romantic love than females.
B) females show higher avoidance of romantic love than males.
C) males show less affection than females.
D) males and females show the same level of affection about romantic love.

Question 52

Phillip Shaver proposed a developmental model of love that starts with _____ love and moves into _____ love.

A) romantic; affectionate
B) affectionate; romantic
C) fatuous; affectionate
D) affectionate; fatuous

Question 53

Amber and Linda have been a couple for eight years. They adopted two children five years ago, and since then have also been busy with their careers. These days they are less anxious about their status as a couple, and more concerned about keeping the kids happy and enjoying their time together with morning coffee. Amber and Linda are displaying _____ love.

A) intimate
B) fatuous
C) affectionate
D) romantic

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

A) Passion
B) Spirituality
C) Commitment
D) Intimacy

Question 55

Gina and Antonio are both best friends and a married couple. They share everything they are thinking about and completely trust each other. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, they are displaying:

A) attachment.
B) intimacy.
C) commitment.
D) passion.

Question 56

Philip is in the military and often away for months at a time. Some of his deployments are sensitive and he is not allowed to have any contact with his wife. In those times of isolation, using terms from Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, Philip and his wife are relying on _____ to keep them together.

A) commitment
B) intimacy
C) attachment
D) passion

Question 57

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ is the cognitive appraisal of the relationship and the intent to maintain the relationship even in the face of problems.

A) commitment
B) intimacy
C) attachment
D) passion

Question 58

Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My husband and I were eating breakfast the other day. Neither of us was talking, both of us were just reading and thinking our own thoughts. But it was a very comfortable, companionable silence, and I love it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate?

A) Passion
B) Infatuation
C) Romantic love
D) Affectionate love

Question 59

_____ love is the type of love that occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the person.

A) Passionate
B) Fatuous
C) Companionate
D) Romantic

Question 60

_____ love is also called companionate love.

A) Passionate
B) Affectionate
C) Consummate
D) Romantic

Question 61

Which of the following statements about cohabiting arrangements in the United States is TRUE?

A) Most cohabiting couples want the official aspects of marriage.
B) Cohabiting arrangements are declining steadily.
C) Fewer than 1 of 10 such arrangements lasts five years.
D) Most of these arrangements are very long-lasting.

Question 62

In which country is cohabitation virtually universal before marriage?

A) France
B) Sweden
C) United States
D) Kenya

Question 63

Carlise feels passionate about her husband. They often disclose their innermost thoughts to one another, and both are committed to the relationship. Which type of love describes their relationship?

A) Infatuation
B) Affectionate
C) Fatuous
D) Consummate

Question 64

Which country listed has the lowest percentage of individuals adopting a single lifestyle?

A) United States
B) Great Britain
C) Germany
D) Japan

Question 65

Miranda and Blake are a typical young adult couple building a life together. Their lifestyle, choosing to live like a married couple but without getting married, is known as:

A) consensual validation.
B) attachment.
C) co-parenting.
D) cohabitation.

Question 66

Bob worships his colleague Anne. He loves her from afar but there is no intimacy or closeness between them. Sternberg would characterize this as _____ love.

A) consummate
B) fatuous
C) affectionate
D) passionate

Question 67

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married is known as:

A) consensual validation.
B) attachment.
C) co-parenting.
D) cohabitation.

Question 68

According to Robert J. Sternberg, which of the following is the strongest and fullest form of love?

A) Passionate love
B) Fatuous love
C) Affectionate love
D) Consummate love

Question 69

If passion and commitment are present but intimacy is not, Sternberg calls the relationship _____ love, as when one person worships another from a distance.

A) romantic
B) fatuous
C) affectionate
D) consummate

Question 70

A relationship marked by intimacy and commitment but low or lacking in passion is called _____, a pattern often found among couples who have been married for many years.

A) romantic love
B) consummate love
C) affectionate love
D) fatuous love

Question 71

Megan is choosing to remain single. It is likely she will face all of these challenges due to her single status EXCEPT:

A) feeling left out in a marriage-oriented society.
B) forming intimate relationships with other adults.
C) confronting loneliness.
D) being able to adopt a pet.

Question 72

In Sternberg's view, an affair or a fling in which there is little intimacy and even less commitment is an example of:

A) infatuation.
B) consummation.
C) fatuous love.
D) companionate love.

Question 73

Randy is far away from home at a business meeting in a large city. He is single and looking to have a quick, whirlwind sexual relationship for a day or two before going back home. According to Robert J. Sternberg, when sexual passion is the only ingredient, Randy is looking for _____.

A) fatuous love
B) consummation
C) infatuation
D) companionate love

Question 74

In 2014, _____ of U.S. adults 18 years old and older had never been married.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 45%

Question 75

Vincent is choosing to remain single. It is likely he will enjoy all these advantages due to his single status EXCEPT:

A) the freedom to explore new places.
B) the freedom to make his own schedule.
C) privacy.
D) the ease of forming intimate relationships with other adults.

Question 76

Corey and Emily are at a party. They decided to "hook up," but aren't sure if anything will come of it. They plan to see each other tomorrow. In Sternberg's model, they are experiencing:

A) affectionate love.
B) infatuation.
C) consummate love.
D) companionate love.

Question 77

Brenda and Jonathan have been married for 15 years. When Brenda develops a potentially fatal lung disease, Jonathan retires in order to care for Brenda. This shows that Brenda and Jonathan's relationship has a high level of:

A) infatuation.
B) commitment.
C) fatuous love.
D) passion.

Question 78

When all three dimensions of Sternberg's triarchic theory of love are present in a relationship, what type of love are people experiencing?

A) Affectionate love
B) Consummate love
C) Fatuous love
D) Passionate love

Question 79

According to Robert J. Sternberg, which of the following BEST describes the love in a relationship where passion is the only ingredient, and intimacy and commitment are low?

A) Fatuous love
B) Consummation
C) Infatuation
D) Companionate love

Question 80

There has been _____ in the number of cohabiting U.S. couples since 1970.

A) a dramatic increase
B) little change
C) a small decline
D) a significant decline