Deck 24: The Urinary System

Question 1

Figure 24.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the kidney.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 24.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney.

A) sinus
B) hilum
C) cortex
D) renal capsule
E) renal corpuscle

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Figure 24.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids.

A) renal sinus
B) minor calyx
C) major calyx
D) renal pelvis
E) cortical columns

Question 6

Figure 24.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the afferent arteriole.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney.

A) cortical
B) medullary
C) extrinsic
D) trabecular
E) sinusoidal

Question 8

Figure 24.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the proximal convoluted tubule.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 24.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

A large fat-filled space within the kidney that also contains the renal pelvis, blood vessels, and nerves.

A) renal corpuscle
B) renal pyramids
C) sinus
D) cortical columns
E) convoluted tubules

Question 11

Figure 24.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a cortical radiate artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 24.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates an expanded portion of the ureter.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Figure 24.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Figure 24.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessels that delineate the cortex from the medulla.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Figure 24.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 24.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels that absorb solutes from the convoluted tubules.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 24.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the glomerulus.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 24.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels covered by podocytes.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole.

A) afferent arterioles
B) arcuate arteries
C) peritubular capillaries
D) cortical radiate arteries
E) glomerulus

Question 20

Figure 24.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the parietal layer of glomerular capsule.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder.

A) diaphragm
B) vesicular
C) dartos
D) detrusor
E) cremaster

Question 22

Ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla.

A) vasa recta
B) cortical radiate
C) interlobular
D) vasa vasorum
E) peritubular capillaries

Question 23

Which of the following supportive tissues is most superficial?

A) perirenal fat
B) pararenal fat
C) renal fascia
D) fibrous capsule

Question 24

The only embryonic kidney that survives into adulthood is the

A) pronephros.
B) paranephros.
C) mesonephros.
D) metanephros.

Question 25

The most superficial layer of the kidney is the

A) medulla.
B) cortex.
C) renal papilla.
D) renal pyramids.

Question 26

The function of the collecting duct is to

A) drain blood from the kidney and deliver it to the renal vein.
B) contract its muscular walls to expel urine from the cortex.
C) determine the final volume and concentration of urine.
D) transport resorbed water back into the cardiovascular system.

Question 27

Which of the following is not normally found in urine?

A) urea
B) uric acid
C) creatinine
D) glucose

Question 28

The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity.

A) supraperitoneal
B) retroperitoneal
C) subcapsular
D) extraabdominal
E) intraperitoneal

Question 29

Which of the following is not part of the filtration membrane?

A) granular cells
B) filtration slit diaphragm
C) basement membrane
D) capillary endothelium

Question 30

Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle?

A) the glomerulus
B) the nephron loop
C) podocytes
D) glomerular capsule

Question 31

The kidneys lie behind the cavity.

A) cranial
B) thoracic
C) pelvic
D) abdominal

Question 32

Vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the

A) inferior surface.
B) fibrous capsule.
C) medial hilum.
D) lateral convex surface.

Question 33

Which of the following processes does not participate in the production of urine in the kidney?

A) resorption
B) evaporation
C) filtration
D) secretion

Question 34

Blood vessel that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation.

A) afferent arteriole
B) efferent arteriole
C) extraglomerular mesangial
D) macula densa
E) segmental artery

Question 35

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the

A) renal sinus.
B) renal cortex.
C) renal pyramids.
D) renal pelvis.

Question 36

Which vessels lie within the renal columns?

A) segmental arteries
B) arcuate arteries
C) interlobar arteries
D) cortical radiate arteries

Question 37

Infection of the renal pelvic and calyces is known as

A) hydronephritis.
B) cystitis.
C) nephritis.
D) pyelitis.

Question 38

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine?

A) 50%
B) 1%
C) 10%
D) 99%

Question 39

Region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate.

A) vasa recta
B) macula densa
C) collecting duct
D) mesangial
E) extraglomerular

Question 40

If you looked closely at the tip of a renal papilla with a hand lens, the hundreds of little openings you would see on its surface are

A) openings of papillary ducts.
B) renal sinuses.
C) minor calyces.
D) glomeruli.

Question 41

Which of the following is not usually associated with the formation of renal calculi?

A) bacterial infection
B) increased intake of calcium
C) dehydration
D) polyurea

Question 42

The layer of podocytes is the same as the

A) parietal layer.
B) visceral layer of glomerular capsule.
C) capsular space.
D) glomerulus.

Question 43

From which embryonic tissue layer(s) does the kidney arise?

A) endoderm
B) ectoderm
C) mesoderm
D) all three layers

Question 44

Which of the following conditions is most often seen in elderly males with prostatic hyperplasia?

A) stress incontinence
B) overflow incontinence
C) urinary retention
D) urge incontinence

Question 45

Which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla?

A) proximal convoluted tubules
B) peritubular capillaries
C) nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons
D) cortical radiate arteries

Question 46

Which segment of the nephron has a simple squamous epithelium?

A) descending limb of the nephron loop
B) distal convoluted tubule
C) ascending limb of the nephron loop
D) proximal convoluted tubule

Question 47

The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the

A) urachus opening.
B) ureteric orifice.
C) detrusor.
D) internal urethral orifice.

Question 48

Which of the following would not inhibit micturition?

A) relaxation of the internal urethal sphincter
B) activation of the sympathetic pathways
C) stimulation of the somatic motor neurons to the external urethral sphincter
D) relaxation of the detrusor muscles

Question 49

Based on what you know about the location of the kidneys in the posterior abdominal wall, the hilum of the kidney must be at the level of which vertebra?

A) T11 or T12
B) T8
C) L1 or L2
D) L4

Question 50

Renin is produced in

A) the renal medulla.
B) the glomerulus.
C) glomerular capsules.
D) the granular cells.

Question 51

Of the following, the only epithelial type that does not line the urethra is

A) pseudostratified columnar.
B) stratified squamous.
C) stratified columnar.
D) simple squamous.

Question 52

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that

A) only the vasa recta are supplied by efferent arterioles.
B) the vasa recta drain into arterioles, whereas the peritubular capillaries drain into venules.
C) the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.
D) the vasa recta are involved in filtration, whereas the peritubular capillaries are involved in resorption.

Question 53

Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males?

A) In males the urethra is made up of three regions, whereas in females it is made of only one.
B) In females the urethra is shorter than in males.
C) In females the urethra is attached to the anterior vaginal wall by connective tissue.
D) In males the urethra is shared by the both the reproductive and the urinary systems, whereas in females it is part of the urinary system only.

Question 54

The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae)

A) act to increase the surface area for absorption.
B) thicken the bladder wall so that it does not burst.
C) have the same basic function as transitional epithelium-accommodating stretch as the bladder fills.
D) are not present in life, only in cadavers.

Question 55

The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the

A) thin segment.
B) proximal tubule.
C) distal tubule.
D) glomerular capsule (podocytes).

Question 56

The left renal vein the right renal vein.

A) carries less blood than
B) is longer than
C) is shorter than
D) is the same length as

Question 57

Which of the following statements about the urinary bladder is false?

A) In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum.
B) Two ureteral openings and the internal urethral orifice bound the trigone of the bladder.
C) The ureters attach to the bladder through oblique posterolateral orifices.
D) When empty, the bladder lies inferior to the abdominal cavity.

Question 58

Which of the following statements about the internal urethral sphincter is false?

A) It is located superior to the prostatic urethra in males.
B) It is not consciously controlled.
C) It is surrounded by the urogential diaphragm.
D) It is a thickening of the detrusor muscle.

Question 59

An important difference between a cuboidal epithelial cell of the proximal versus the distal convoluted tubules is that

A) the former only secretes, the latter only filters.
B) only one has a folded basolateral membrane containing enzymes for ion transport.
C) one lies in the renal cortex, the other in the medulla.
D) the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells.

Question 60

Pyelography is

A) kinking of the ureter.
B) failure of the embryonic kidney to ascend.
C) a way to cure kidney stones.
D) a type of X-ray procedure (radiology).

Question 61

In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa belongs to the

A) glomerulus.
B) terminal nephron loop.
C) efferent arteriole.
D) visceral layer of the glomerular capsule (podocytes).

Question 62

When Melinda was asked to identify a ʺmysteryʺ slide on a histology test, she immediately identified it as renal cortex because of the presence of scattered

A) renal papillae.
B) thin segments.
C) vasa recta.
D) renal corpuscles.

Question 63

The micturition center is located in the

A) cerebellum.
B) pons of the brain stem.
C) detrusor muscle layer of the bladder wall.
D) sacral spinal cord.

Question 64

Arteries that branch to form the afferent arterioles to the glomeruli are

A) interlobar arteries.
B) segmental arteries.
C) cortical radiate arteries.
D) arcuate arteries.

Question 65

Cortical nephrons are different from juxtamedullary nephrons in that

A) they are much less abundant.
B) they do not have a proximal convoluted tubule.
C) they produce urine, whereas juxtamedullary nephrons do not.
D) their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment.

Question 66

The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distension is

A) transitional.
B) pseudostratified columnar.
C) stratified squamous.
D) simple squamous.

Question 67

The ureters develop from

A) pronephric nephrons.
B) the urogenital sinus.
C) the cloaca.
D) a duct that branches from the mesonephric duct.

Question 68

Urine passes through the

A) glomerulus to the ureter to the nephron.
B) hilus to the urethra to the bladder.
C) renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra.
D) kidney hilum to the bladder to the ureter.

Question 69

The longest of the three parts of the male urethra is the

A) spongy urethra.
B) neck.
C) membranous.
D) prostatic.

Question 70

The condition in which the metanephros has failed to ascend is

A) pelvic kidney.
B) horseshoe kidney.
C) polycystic renal disease.
D) hydronephrosis.

Question 71

The parts of the nephron whose epithelial cells contain the most mitochondria are the

A) vasa recta and collecting tubules.
B) renal corpuscle and distal tubule.
C) proximal and distal tubules.
D) thin segment and glomerular capsule.

Question 72

Another name for the neck of the bladder is the

A) anterior angle.
B) trigone.
C) superior surface.
D) inferior angle.

Question 73

Which structure(s) is (are) most important for holding the kidney in place in the abdomen?

A) renal vessels
B) the diaphragm, through its muscle tone
C) renal fascia
D) renal ligaments

Question 74

In the micturition reflex, the detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract by

A) visceral sensory fibers from the vagus.
B) parasympathetic fibers.
C) sphincter neurons from the brain.
D) sympathetic fibers.

Question 75

The external urethral sphincter is located

A) at the ureteral orifice.
B) at the junction of the bladder wall and urethra.
C) at the external urethral orifice.
D) at the urogenital diaphragm.

Question 76

An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to

A) a decrease in the production of ADH.
B) a decrease in the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma.
C) the presence of a salty urine in the bladder.
D) an increase in the production of ADH.

Question 77

Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal medulla?

A) collecting duct
B) glomerulus
C) proximal convoluted tubule
D) distal convoluted tubule

Question 78

Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney?

A) minor calyces
B) renal corpuscles
C) renal papillae
D) cortical radiate arteries

Question 79

During a dissection, Arnie saw the ureters entering the lateral corners of the bladder but found the internal openings of the ureters in the trigone near the midline of the bladder. His observation necessarily means that

A) the ureters run medially for some distance within the posterior bladder wall.
B) this bladder had a congenital defect.
C) each ureter must have four distinct openings into the bladder.
D) the ureters and urethra are really the same tube.

Question 80

The embryonic urogenital sinus

A) gives rise to the ureters.
B) gives rise to the rectum.
C) gives rise to the anus.
D) derives from the cloaca.