Deck 25: The Reproductive System

Question 1

Fertilization of the ovum normally occurs in this region of the oviduct.

A) isthmus
B) intrauterine portion
C) ampulla
D) infundibulum
E) fimbriae

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 25.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the organ which is commonly referred to as the birth canal.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Figure 25.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the infundibulum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 25.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the common passageway for semen and urine in men.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 25.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the female erectile tissue that is homologous to the penis.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 25.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes neutralizing mucus prior to ejaculation.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 25.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the tissue layer that is shed during menstruation.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Figure 25.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the organ where ectopic pregnancies commonly occur.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

The fluid-filled cavity in a mature ovarian follicle is known as

A) theca folliculi.
B) corona radiate.
C) antrum.
D) zona pellucidum.
E) granulaosa cells.

Question 10

Figure 25.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cervix.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 25.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of the uterus known as the fundus.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 25.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ejaculatory duct.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Figure 25.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the organ that directs sperm toward the seminal vesicles during ejaculation.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Figure 25.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the site of sperm maturation and storage.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Figure 25.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ʺneckʺ of the uterus.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 25.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates where fertilization normally occurs.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Tubular organ that is transected during a vasectomy.

A) ductus deferens
B) spermatic cord
C) epididymis
D) pampiniform plexus
E) rete testis

Question 18

This layer of the uterus contracts during parturition to expel the baby.

A) stratum functionalis
B) endometrium
C) perimetrium
D) stratum basalis
E) myometrium

Question 19

The opening of the oviduct is surrounded by these structures.

A) external os
B) fimbriae
C) isthmus
D) cardinal ligaments
E) internal os

Question 20

Figure 25.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

In breast cancer, the cancer cells usually originate from the

A) fat cells in the breast.
B) lactiferous ductules.
C) cuboidal acinar cells.
D) endothelium of the lymph vessels in the breasts.

Question 22

The female homologue of the male scrotum is the

A) labia majora.
B) ovary.
C) bulb of the vestibule.
D) penile urethra.

Question 23

A woman has developed a cancerous lump in each breast, and the skin of the breasts is dimpled. What structure(s) is (are) causing the dimpling?

A) pectoralis major muscle
B) smooth muscle cells around the ducts of the large glands in the breast
C) pectoralis minor muscle
D) suspensory ligaments of the breast

Question 24

A factor that propels an oocyte through the uterine tube is

A) secretions of the nonciliated cells.
B) amoeboid motion of the oocyte.
C) smooth muscle contraction (peristalsis).
D) pressure exerted by ovarian fluid.

Question 25

The seminal vesicles

A) store sperm.
B) secrete digestive enzymes when cancerous.
C) are glands that secrete most of the volume of the semen.
D) empty into the epididymis.

Question 26

The usual site of embryo implantation is the

A) uterus.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) uterine tube.
D) vagina.

Question 27

Tubules that connect testicular lobules with the efferent ductules of the epididymis.

A) straight tubules
B) pampiniform plexus
C) seminiferous tubules
D) rete testis
E) ductus deferens

Question 28

Type of cell in the testes that produces testosterone.

A) spermatogonium
B) interstitial
C) spermatid
D) sustentocytes
E) primary spermatocyte

Question 29

Which testicular cells help deliver sperm to the epididymis by contracting rhythmically?

A) interstitial
B) type A spermatocytes
C) sustentocytes
D) myoid

Question 30

The function of the pampiniform plexus of veins is to

A) form the outer wall of the spermatic cord.
B) help cool blood.
C) help prevent hernias.
D) form hydroceles.

Question 31

The correct sequence of sperm-transporting tubules that transport spermatozoa to the epididymis is the

A) seminiferous tubule to straight tubule to rete testis to efferent ductule.
B) seminiferous tubule to efferent ductule to straight tubule to rete testis.
C) seminiferous tubule to rete testis to efferent ductule to straight tubule.
D) seminiferous tubule to rete testis to straight tubule to efferent ductule.

Question 32

Which of the following is the primary sex organ in the male?

A) the epididymis
B) the penis
C) the testis
D) the prostate

Question 33

All of the following are adaptations for keeping the testes cool except the

A) pampiniform plexus of veins.
B) testicular artery.
C) cremaster and dartos.
D) descent of the testes into the scrotum before birth.

Question 34

A womanʹs sex cells (germ cells) originate embryologically

A) from the germinal epithelium of the ovary.
B) from yolk sac endoderm.
C) from the follicular cells of the follicles.
D) in the innermost part of the gonad.

Question 35

Involuntary contraction of this smooth muscle layer wrinkles and thickens the walls of the scrotum to prevent heat loss.

A) dartos muscle
B) internal spermatic fascia
C) cremaster muscle
D) tunica vaginalis
E) tunica albuginea

Question 36

Sperm become motile in the

A) epididymis.
B) ductus deferens.
C) prostate.
D) seminiferous tubules.

Question 37

In cows, the nipples (teats) are in the groin region, not in the midthorax as in humans. What is the most logical reason for this difference between cows and people?

A) Cowsʹ mammary glands have entirely different embryonic origins from human ones.
B) Cows are more likely to develop inguinal hernias, and their mammary glands protect against that.
C) Cowsʹ mammary glands arise from a different part of the milk line.
D) Male cows do not produce milk.

Question 38

At what point during fetal development is the decidua basalis/chorionic villi collectively referred to as the placenta?

A) the start of fourth month
B) the end of second month
C) the ninth month
D) the first month

Question 39

This multinucleate embryonic structure invades the uterus, digesting cells and maternal blood vessels to make way for development of the placenta.

A) syncytiotrophoblast
B) decidua capsularis
C) decidua basalis
D) inner cell mass
E) morula

Question 40

Fingerlike placental structures where oxygen and nutrients from the maternal blood supply diffuse into the embryonic blood.

A) amnion
B) extraembryonic membrane
C) allantois
D) chorionic villi
E) syncytiotrophoblast

Question 41

Hypospadias

A) never occurs in females.
B) cannot be detected through an examination of the outside of a babyʹs body.
C) is characterized by the absence of a urethra.
D) has no effects until puberty, when males start producing sperm.

Question 42

The function of the cremaster muscle is to

A) squeeze semen from the urethra during ejaculation.
B) alter the position of the testes in the scrotal sac with increases in ambient temperature.
C) maintain erection in both sexes.
D) increase intra-abdominal pressure during childbirth.

Question 43

By undergoing meiosis, each primary spermatocyte ultimately gives rise to how many sperm cells?

A) two
B) four
C) billions
D) eight

Question 44

The female uterine cycle begins

A) at the end of menstruation.
B) on the first day of menstruation.
C) every six weeks.
D) at ovulation.

Question 45

In females, the paramesonephric ducts give rise to

A) the uterine tubes and uterus.
B) the ovaries.
C) the vestibule in the vulva.
D) the corpora cavernosa (erectile bodies).

Question 46

In addition to remaining granulosa cells, which of the following cell types make up the corpus luteum?

A) cells of the corona radiata
B) interstitial cells
C) oocyte
D) theca cells

Question 47

Which of the following events occurs when the testes do not descend before birth?

A) Viable sperm will not be produced.
B) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.
C) Sperm will have no route of exit from the body.
D) Male sex hormones will not circulate in the body.

Question 48

Of the following tubes, which is the only one that lies partly outside the testis?

A) efferent ductule
B) rete testis
C) tubulus rectus
D) seminiferous tubule

Question 49

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, these vessels grow and proliferate.

A) straight arteries
B) radial arteries
C) spiral arteries
D) arcuate arteries

Question 50

The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is the

A) uterus.
B) vagina.
C) peritoneal cavity.
D) uterine tube.

Question 51

Inguinal hernias

A) always enter the inguinal canal.
B) are signs of old age and almost never congenital.
C) always reach the scrotum.
D) occur with equal frequency in males and females.

Question 52

Which of the following anchors the uterus into an anteverted position in the pelvis?

A) round ligament
B) suspensory ligament
C) broad ligament
D) ovarian ligament

Question 53

The epithelium lining the vagina is

A) stratified squamous.
B) pseudostratified columnar.
C) simple squamous.
D) simple columnar.

Question 54

The milk-producing cells in the breast are

A) columnar epithelial cells in lobules.
B) simple cuboidal epithelial cells in alveoli.
C) adipose cells (because milk contains 4% fat).
D) endocrine cells.

Question 55

The zona pellucida

A) is the portion of the placenta in which maternal blood contacts fetal tissues.
B) is a protective shell around the oocyte that sperm must penetrate for fertilization to occur.
C) is the remnant of the vesicular follicle that becomes the corpus luteum.
D) is the region of the uterine tube where fertilization occurs.

Question 56

The ovarian cortex consists of

A) the largest blood vessels of the ovary.
B) follicles and connective tissue.
C) the hilus of the ovary.
D) the mesovarium.

Question 57

The prepuce of the clitoris is formed by

A) the hymen of the vagina.
B) the fourchette.
C) the mons pubis.
D) the labia minora.

Question 58

In the early fetus, all of the following are parts of the chorionic villi except the

A) decidua.
B) syncytiotrophoblast.
C) extraembryonic mesoderm.
D) cytotrophoblast.

Question 59

Which of the following organs does not contribute secretion(s) during the male sexual response?

A) corpus cavernosum
B) bulbourethral glands
C) prostate
D) seminal vesicles

Question 60

The largest macroscopic region of the uterus is its

A) cervix.
B) body.
C) fornix.
D) fundus.

Question 61

The placenta consists of which two structures?

A) cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
B) chorionic villi and amnion
C) decidua basalis and decidua capsularis
D) chorionic villi and decidua basalis

Question 62

An episiotomy during childbirth is performed to

A) save the babyʹs life.
B) eliminate the pain to the mother.
C) minimize tearing of the central tendon and muscles of the pelvic floor.
D) prevent the anal canal from being crushed.

Question 63

The structural basis of the blood-testis barrier is

A) the basal lamina around the seminiferous tubules.
B) the thick basal lamina around the capillaries that supply the seminiferous tubules.
C) the endothelial cells of the continuous (nonfenestrated) capillaries that supply the seminiferous tubules.
D) the tight junctions between sustentocytes.

Question 64

The deep inguinal ring is formed by

A) cremaster muscle.
B) fascia layer deep to the transversus abdominis muscle.
C) extension of the external oblique muscle.
D) extension of the internal oblique muscle.

Question 65

Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is incorrect?

A) It inhibits ovulation.
B) It can lead to sterility.
C) It is usually caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea.
D) It includes salpingitis.

Question 66

Erection is caused by

A) erectile bodies filling with blood.
B) a jointed bone in the penis that unfolds.
C) impulses from the sympathetic nervous system.
D) the penis filling up with semen that is about to be ejaculated.

Question 67

The embryonic urethral folds develop into the female

A) labia minora.
B) bulb of the vestibule.
C) urethra.
D) labia majora.

Question 68

Which of the following pairs of structures is not derived from the same embryonic tissues?

A) penis, clitoris
B) ductus deferens, uterine tube
C) spongy urethra, labia minora
D) testes, ovaries

Question 69

Sperm are moved into the epididymis from the testis by

A) gravity.
B) testicular fluid moved by cilia and smooth muscle cells.
C) swimming under their own power.
D) suction.

Question 70

A difference between a primary follicle and a primordial follicle is that

A) the oocyte is larger in the primordial follicle.
B) the primary follicle is an earlier stage than the primordial follicle.
C) one has an antrum and the other does not.
D) the primordial follicle has only a single layer of flat follicular cells, whereas the primary follicle is comprised of cuboidal follicle cells.

Question 71

The acrosomal reaction occurs

A) during spermiogenesis.
B) just before fertilization.
C) during placentation.
D) during meiosis of the sperm.

Question 72

The cells that secrete estrogens in females are

A) germinal epithelium of the ovary.
B) oocytes.
C) cells in the pituitary gland.
D) granulosa cells.

Question 73

All of the following are functions of the sustentocytes in the seminiferous tubules except

A) secretion of testosterone.
B) secretion of testicular fluid.
C) secretion of androgen-binding protein.
D) phagocytosis of excess cytoplasm from spermatids during spermiogenesis.

Question 74

Which structure develops into the umbilical cord?

A) placenta
B) decidua capsularis
C) body stalk
D) chorionic villi

Question 75

A hydrocele

A) is a series of varicosities of the pampiniform plexus.
B) occurs in females only.
C) is excess serous fluid in the scrotum.
D) is a sac filled with intestines that have pushed through the abdominal wall.

Question 76

Which structure is not derived from the embryonic paramesonephric ducts?

A) uterine tube
B) cervix
C) upper vagina
D) clitoris

Question 77

In the late stages of pregnancy, the placental barrier of the chorionic villi consists only of which two layers?

A) cytotrophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm
B) decidua capsularis and decidua basalis
C) syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium
D) syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast

Question 78

All of the following are located within the spermatic cord except the

A) ductus deferens.
B) testicular artery.
C) pampiniform plexus.
D) superficial inguinal ring.

Question 79

The typical (diploid) cells of the body have 46 chromosomes; how many chromosomes does each gamete have?

A) 23
B) 184
C) 46
D) 46 pairs

Question 80

Which female structure is homologous to the corpus spongiosum of the penis?

A) crura
B) labia minora
C) bulb of the vestibule
D) clitoris